RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the one-year efficacy of myopia prevention and control using three optical intervention methods - single vision lens (SVL), high aspherical lenticule (HAL), and orthokeratology (OK) lens - in children with low myopia. METHODS: A cohort of 150 children aged 7-13 years with low myopia was recruited and divided into three groups: SVL (n = 50), HAL (n = 50), and OK lens group (n = 50), based on their preference for glasses. Follow-up assessments were carried out over one year, focusing on data from the right eye for statistical analysis. Baseline characteristics such as gender, age, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refractive error (SER), flat keratometry (K1), steep keratometry (K2), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), and non-contact tonometry (NCT) measurements were gathered and compared among the three groups before any intervention. Changes in AL growth after 1 year of intervention were assessed across the three groups. Subsequently, the AL growth control rates between the HAL and OK lens groups were compared, with the SVL group serving as the reference standard. RESULTS: The study found no statistically significant variances in baseline characteristics (gender, age, SER, AL, K1, K2, WTW, and NCT) among the SVL, HAL, and OK lens groups (all p > 0.05). Following a one-year intervention, AL growth rates were as follows: HAL group (0.163 ± 0.113 mm) < OK lens group (0.280 ± 0.170 mm) < SVL group (0.516 ± 0.190 mm), with statistically significant disparities (p < 0.05). The HAL group demonstrated a higher 1-year AL growth control rate (68.41%) compared to the OK lens group (45.74%) for children aged 7-13 with low myopia, with a statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). And there was significant difference in the SER change between SVL group and HAL group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Compared to SVL, HAL and OK lens are more effective in controlling axial growth in mild myopia. Specifically, HAL maybe shows superior outcomes in both preventive and corrective measures, also it needs to be supported by more studies from randomized controlled experiments.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

AIM:To explore the effect of high aspherical lenticule on controlling low myopia.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 100 patients aged 7 to 12 years old with low myopia who visited our hospital from May 1 to 31, 2022 were collected. They were divided into two groups with 50 cases in each group according to the wishes of patients. The control group was given single vision glasses after optometry, while the study group was given high aspherical lenticule. The myopia progression(absolute value), axial length(AL)growth, transition rate to moderate myopia, and AL negative growth rate over 6 mo and 1 a were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The myopia progression and the AL growth of study group was lower than that of the control group after 6 mo and 1 a(all P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001).The negative growth rate of AL after 6 mo of treatment was significantly higher than that of the control group(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001). The transition rate to moderate myopia between the two groups was not statistically significant(P=0.62); while the transition rate to moderate myopia in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group after wearing lens for 1 a(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference in AL negative growth rate between the two groups(P=0.12). Compare with single vision glasses, high aspherical lenticule achieved an 88.2% control rate for low myopia progression over 6mo and a 90.0% control rate of AL growth. The control rate for low myopia to moderate myopia was 66.7%; while the control rate of myopia progression growth was 75.6% after wearing lens for 1a, the control rate of AL growth was 69.2%, and the control rate of the transition rate to moderate myopia was 88.9%.CONCLUSION: For children and adolescents aged 7 to 12 with low myopia, high aspherical lenticule was more effective than single vision glasses in controlling myopia, making it one of the optimal choices for myopia control.

RESUMEN

AIM: To explore the risk factors for acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by analyzing 83 patients (case group) with AACE who underwent strabismus correction surgery from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. Totally 73 outpatient volunteers were recruited during the same period as the normal control group. The case group's binocular vision time, near and distance esotropia angle, and near stereo vision function were recorded, and the age, gender, refractive status, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of both groups were analyzed. Additionally, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted using an eye usage condition questionnaire to determine the independent risk factors for AACE. RESULTS: In the case group, 61 patients (73.49%) had myopia, with a mean equivalent spherical power (SE) of -3.35±3.31 D (range: +2.75 to -10.62 D) of the right eye and -2.87±3.35 D (range: +2.75 to -11.12 D) of the left eye. The average duration of diplopia in the case group was 29.83±35.72mo, of which 80 patients (96.39%) were primarily with distance diplopia. The near and distance esotropia angle after wearing glasses were 52.36±20.95 prism degree (PD) and 56.71±19.54 PD, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two (t=1.38, P=0.169). The incidence of improper glasses wearing and unhealthy eye habits in the case group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Close-up work without glasses [ß=2.30, odds ratio (OR)=10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.35-42.51, P=0.002] and near work in supine position (ß=1.80, OR=6.02, 95%CI 3.29-11.02, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for AACE. CONCLUSION: Patients with AACE mainly present with distance diplopia, and there is a high degree of variation in myopia. Near work without wearing glasses and in supine position are independent risk factors for AACE.

RESUMEN

Aim: High myopia (HM) is a global problem; however, the molecular pathogenesis of HM underlying lens remains largely unknown. The aims of the present study were to identify the potential key genes and pathways involved in lens changes of HM. Methods: Gene set enrichment analysis was carried out to identify the HM-specific pathway gene sets. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lens epithelia of HM eyes compared to emmetropic control were screened using limma R package. A DEG-based protein-protein interaction network was constructed and used to identify hub genes and gene cluster analysis. The functional enrichment analysis was performed to reveal the potential biological functions for each gene cluster. Results: Multiple metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched in lens epithelia of HM. The expression patterns of DEGs could accurately distinguish HM and emmetropic and CD34, CD40, EGF, IL1A, CD40LG, and CXCL12 maybe the potential key genes involved in HM. Three gene clusters were identified and involved in distinct pathways. MAPK signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway were considered the key pathways involved in lens changes of HM, due to two gene clusters both involve in these two pathways. Conclusion: We identified potential key genes in pathological lens growth of HM eyes and proposed that the imbalances of MAPK signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway may be the two crucial steps of pathological lens growth in HM.

RESUMEN

Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) has been reported to serve antiapoptotic and antioxidant roles, as well as roles in Ca2+ regulation, and may be involved in the occurrence and development of cataract. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of SMP30 in senescent human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and explored the relationship between SMP30 and aging. SRA01/04 cells, a HLEC line, were treated with H2O2 to mimic aging, and cell morphological changes were observed by microscopy and cell activity was exami-ned by MTT assay, senescence­associated­ß­galactosidase (SA­ß­Gal) staining and cell cycle analysis. The expression of SMP30 mRNA and protein was measured by reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT­qPCR) and western blotting. Following prolonged low­dose H2O2 exposure, cells exhibited senescence­related morphological changes, reduced growth activity, increased SA­ß­Gal positive staining and cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases. SMP30 mRNA expression levels were significantly downregulated following exposure to 75 and 100 µM H2O2, and the protein expression levels in the same groups were decreased by >6­fold compared with the control untreated cells. However, no significant change was observed in SMP30 expression in the 25 and 50 µM H2O2 exposure groups. These results suggest that, in the early stage of senescence induced by H2O2­mediated chronic oxidative stress, there may be no significant change in SMP30 expression, but when the oxidative stress increases and senescence is aggravated, SMP30 may be significantly downregulated in the senescent HLECs. The present study indicates that SMP30 may be an important factor involved in the aging process of HLECs and the development of cataract.

Asunto(s)