RESUMEN
Introduction Adnexal masses present a special diagnostic challenge because it is difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions clinically. The diagnosis of malignancy is vital, and imaging is the most important part of the evaluation of adnexal masses. This study was conducted with the goal of comparing the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing female adnexal masses in comparison with histopathology examination (HPE). A total of 70 female patients with suspected adnexal lesions were selected for the study. After obtaining informed consent from the patients, an MRI was performed with a subsequent histopathological examination of the lesion. Results The study revealed that MRI demonstrated 27% non-neoplastic, 47% benign, and 26% malignant lesions. HPE, the gold standard for identifying and classifying pathological masses, positively identified the lesions and classified them as non-neoplastic, surface epithelial-stromal, germ cell, and sex cord-stromal tumors. The present study of 70 cases with adnexal masses showed a strong positive correlation between MRI and HPE findings. Conclusion MRI provides the added advantage of visualization of the tumor matrix with differential identification of the fatty and cystic tissue through heterogeneous signals and enhancement indicating aggressiveness and local spread. MRI has greater diagnostic accuracy when compared to ultrasonography (USG), with HPE as the gold standard for discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses.
RESUMEN
Colo-vesical fistula (CVF) is usually encountered in severe inflammatory and malignant conditions. Radiological imaging is crucial to the diagnosis of a colo-vesical fistula and helps gastroenterologists and surgeons select the best treatment option. This disorder is typically identified during follow-up of treatments for diverticulitis or chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The patients present with symptoms of pneumaturia and fecaluria. The most accurate imaging modality for diagnosing CVF is CT with rectal contrast. In this case report, we present a case of a 58-year-old male patient with complaints of fecaluria and pneumaturia for three months. Ultrasonography and barium enema revealed a clear fistulous tract between the sigmoid colon and the urinary bladder. Subsequently, the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and the specimen was sent for histopathological evaluation to rule out malignancy. The diagnosis on imaging was consistent with post-operative findings of a CVF. This case report will add to the knowledge of radiologists about the imaging features of CVFs and their identification on imaging.
RESUMEN
Background The imaging evaluation of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameters is essential for the estimation of vena caval pathologies and can also detect early hypovolemic shock. There are very few studies on normal IVC diameters on CT scan done in foreign countries, and none done in the Indian population. Aims The goal of this research is to assess the normal IVC diameter in the Indian adult population by performing a CT scan of the abdomen. Material and methods In this study, CT scans of 200 individuals (aged 19-83) without any circulatory and vascular disorders were analyzed retrospectively. The anteroposterior (AP) and transverse diameters of the IVC were measured at the level of the renal vein and at the level 2 cm proximal to insertion in the heart (usual area of measurement on ultrasonography). Results The study discovered normal adult mean AP and transverse dimensions of the IVC at the level of the renal vein as 16.3 ± 2.9 mm and 25.8 ± 3.5 mm, respectively, and 16.9 + 3.2 mm and 26.2 + 3.6 mm at the level 2 cm proximal to its insertion in the right atrium. Conclusions In this study, the normal morphometric dimensions of the IVC in the Indian adult population were established. The diameters of the IVC and the age of the participants in our study had no statistically significant correlation, however, the IVC changes its cross-sectional area and diameter due to changes in venous pressure and blood pressure and hence is a highly compliant vessel. The results of the study will be used as baseline data for the assessment of IVC disorders.
RESUMEN
Congenital limb deformities, with a birth frequency of 0.55 per 1,000, are extremely rare prenatal defects that can present with either partial or complete lack of a limb or a specific portion of a limb. Amelia is a sporadic anomaly that is defined by the complete absence of a limb's skeletal elements, whereas hypomelia is defined by the incomplete development of a limb's skeletal elements. We present the case of a neonate with gross facial deformities in the form of the absence of both external ears and a saddle-shaped nose. The absence of the right lower limb bud was seen. The left lower limb was underdeveloped, noted only up to the thigh region with the hypoplastic distal part of the leg and absent foot. Genitals and the anus were absent. To the best of our knowledge, this case is exceptional in that congenital limb abnormalities are present at birth along with accompanying genital underdevelopment.
RESUMEN
Neoplasms involving the testes are uncommon. They account for up to 10% of all malignant diseases affecting the male genitourinary system and for around 2% of all malignant neoplasms in males. Testicular tumors are the third highest cause of mortality in males between the age of 20 and 40 years. We present a case of a young patient with right-sided scrotal swelling associated with pain. Ultrasonography, elastography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging features revealed non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. The patient underwent inguinal orchidectomy for the same and was sent for histopathological evaluation. The imaging diagnosis was consistent with the histopathological diagnosis. This case report adds to the knowledge of imaging features of testicular tumors and their identification based on imaging.
RESUMEN
Congenital uterine anomalies are a rare type of malformation involving female genitalia caused by abnormal development of the Mullerian duct system. Patients having an obstructive type of uterine anomalies are very much likely to develop obstetric and gynecological complications usually at the age of menarche or later in the course of life. In this case report, we present a case of a young female patient having severe dysmenorrhea which is caused by obstructive hematometra in the rudimentary horn which is not communicating with the uterine cavity. Ultrasonography (USG) was used to make a differential diagnosis of a probable congenital abnormality, which was subsequently validated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which revealed a uterine cavity having a single cornu on the left side seen to be connecting with the cervix and a dilated rudimentary horn on the right side. The patient underwent the excision of the rudimentary horn laparoscopically. This case emphasizes the importance of identifying patients having anomalies involving the uterus to provide appropriate treatment to the patient and to prevent adverse outcomes for her reproductive potential.