RESUMEN

Nineteen isolates representing a candidate for a novel yeast species belonging to the genus Spencermartinsiella were recovered from rotting wood samples collected at different sites in Atlantic Rainforest and Amazonian Forest ecosystems in Brazil. Similarity search of the nucleotide sequence of the intergenic spacer (ITS)-5.8S and large subunit D1/D2 regions of the ribosomal gene cluster showed that this novel yeast is closely related to Spencermartinsiella cellulosicola. The isolates differ by four nucleotide substitutions in the D1/D2 domain and six substitutions and 31 indels in the ITS region from the holotype of S. cellulosicola. Phylogenomic analysis based on 1474 single-copy orthologues for a set of Spencermartinsiella species whose whole genome sequences are available confirmed that the novel species is phylogenetically close to S. cellulosicola. The low average nucleotide identity value of 83% observed between S. cellulosicola and the candidate species confirms that they are distinct. The novel species produced asci with hemispherical ascospores. The name Spencermartinsiella nicolii sp. nov. is proposed. The holotype is CBS 14238T. The MycoBank number is MB855027. Interestingly, the D1/D2 sequence of the S. nicolii was identical to that of an uncultured strain of Spencermartinsiella causing systemic infection in a male adult crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). The characterization of some virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility of S. nicolii isolates suggest that this yeast may be an opportunistic pathogen for animals, including humans; the isolates grow at 37 °C.

Asunto(s)

ADN de Hongos , Filogenia , Saccharomycetales , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Madera , Brasil , Madera/microbiología , ADN de Hongos/genética , Saccharomycetales/genética , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Bosque Lluvioso , Bosques

RESUMEN

Four yeast isolates were obtained from rotting wood and galleries of passalid beetles collected in different sites of the Brazilian Amazonian Rainforest in Brazil. This yeast produces unconjugated allantoid asci each with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer-5.8 S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Spathaspora. The novel species is phylogenetically related to a subclade containing Spathaspora arborariae and Spathaspora suhii. Phylogenomic analysis based on 1884 single-copy orthologs for a set of Spathaspora species whose whole genome sequences are available confirmed that the novel species represented by strain UFMG-CM-Y285 is phylogenetically close to Sp. arborariae. The name Spathaspora marinasilvae sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species. The holotype of Sp. marinasilvae is CBS 13467 T (MycoBank 852799). The novel species was able to accumulate xylitol and produce ethanol from d-xylose, a trait of biotechnological interest common to several species of the genus Spathaspora.

Asunto(s)

Escarabajos , Filogenia , Bosque Lluvioso , Saccharomycetales , Madera , Xilosa , Animales , Madera/microbiología , Escarabajos/microbiología , Brasil , Saccharomycetales/genética , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Saccharomycetales/metabolismo , Xilosa/metabolismo , Fermentación , ADN de Hongos/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN

RESUMEN

Four yeast isolates collected from flowers from different ecosystems in Brazil, one from fruit of Nothofagus alpina in Argentina, three from flowers of Neltuma chilensis in Chile and one obtained from the proventriculus of a female bumblebee in Canada were demonstred, by analysis of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene, to represent two novel species of the genus Starmerella. These species are described here as Starmerella gilliamiae f.a, sp. nov. (CBS 16166T; Mycobank MB 851206) and Starmerella monicapupoae f.a., sp. nov. (PYCC 8997T; Mycobank MB 851207). The results of a phylogenomic analysis using 1037 single-copy orthogroups indicated that S. gilliamiae is a member of a subclade that contains Starmerella opuntiae, Starmerella aceti and Starmerella apicola. The results also indicated that S. monicapupoae is phylogenetically related to Starmerella riodocensis. The two isolates of S. monicapupoae were obtained from flowers in Brazil and were probably vectored by insects that visit these substrates. Starmerella gilliamiae has a wide geographical distribution having been isolated in flowers from Brazil and Chile, fruit from Argentina and a bumblebee from Canada.

Asunto(s)

Ecosistema , Saccharomycetales , Animales , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Ácidos Grasos/química , Saccharomycetales/genética , Insectos

RESUMEN

Three yeast isolate candidates for a novel species were obtained from rotting wood samples collected in Brazil and Colombia. The Brazilian isolate differs from the Colombian isolates by one nucleotide substitution in each of the D1/D2 and small subunit (SSU) sequences. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences of the three isolates were identical. A phylogenetic analysis showed that this novel species belongs to the genus Ogataea. This novel species is phylogenetically related to Candida nanaspora and Candida nitratophila. The novel species differs from C. nanaspora by seven nucleotides and two indels, and by 17 nucleotides and four indels from C. nitratophila in the D1/D2 sequences. The ITS sequences of these three species differ by more than 30 nucleotides. Analyses of the sequences of the SSU and translation elongation factor 1-α gene also showed that these isolates represent a novel species of the genus Ogataea. Different from most Ogataea species, these isolates did not assimilate methanol as the sole carbon source. The name Ogataea nonmethanolica sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The holotype of Ogataea nonmethanolica is CBS 13485T. The MycoBank number is MB 851195.

Asunto(s)

Factor 1 de Elongación Peptídica , Saccharomycetales , Factor 1 de Elongación Peptídica/genética , Brasil , Filogenia , Colombia , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Madera , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN de Hongos/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Ácidos Grasos/química , Saccharomycetales/genética , Nucleótidos

RESUMEN

Tropical rainforests and related biomes are found in Asia, Australia, Africa, Central and South America, Mexico, and many Pacific Islands. These biomes encompass less than 20% of Earth's terrestrial area, may contain about 50% of the planet's biodiversity, and are endangered regions vulnerable to deforestation. Tropical rainforests have a great diversity of substrates that can be colonized by yeasts. These unicellular fungi contribute to the recycling of organic matter, may serve as a food source for other organisms, or have ecological interactions that benefit or harm plants, animals, and other fungi. In this review, we summarize the most important studies of yeast biodiversity carried out in these biomes, as well as new data, and discuss the ecology of yeast genera frequently isolated from tropical forests and the potential of these microorganisms as a source of bioinnovation. We show that tropical forest biomes represent a tremendous source of new yeast species. Although many studies, most using culture-dependent methods, have already been carried out in Central America, South America, and Asia, the tropical forest biomes of Africa and Australasia remain an underexplored source of novel yeasts. We hope that this review will encourage new researchers to study yeasts in unexplored tropical forest habitats.

Asunto(s)

Bosques , Clima Tropical , Animales , Biodiversidad , Ecosistema , Plantas

RESUMEN

Three yeast isolates were obtained from soil and rotting wood samples collected in an Amazonian rainforest biome in Brazil. Comparison of the intergenic spacer 5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Saccharomycopsis. A tree inferred from the D1/D2 sequences placed the novel species near a subclade containing Saccharomycopsis lassenensis, Saccharomycopsis fermentans, Saccharomycopsis javanensis, Saccharomycopsis babjevae, Saccharomycopsis schoenii and Saccharomycopsis oosterbeekiorum, but with low bootstrap support. In terms of sequence divergence, the novel species had the highest identity in the D1/D2 domains with Saccharomycopsis capsularis, from which it differed by 36 substitutions. In contrast, a phylogenomic analysis based on 1061 single-copy orthologs for a smaller set of Saccharomycopsis species whose whole genome sequences are available indicated that the novel species represented by strain UFMG-CM-Y6991 is phylogenetically closer to Saccharomycopsis fodiens and Saccharomycopsis sp. TF2021a (=Saccharomycopsis phalluae). The novel yeast is homothallic and produces asci with one spheroidal ascospore with an equatorial or subequatorial ledge. The name Saccharomycopsis praedatoria sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species. The holotype of Saccharomycopsis praedatoria is CBS 16589T. The MycoBank number is MB849369. S. praedatoria was able to kill cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of penetration with infection pegs, a trait common to most species of Saccharomycopsis.

Asunto(s)

Saccharomycetales , Saccharomycopsis , Madera , Bosque Lluvioso , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Suelo , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Ácidos Grasos/química , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , ADN de Hongos/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica

RESUMEN

Ten yeast isolates representing four candidate novel species of the genus Teunomyces were obtained from different species of mushrooms and drosophilids collected in an Amazonian Forest biome in Brazil. Sequence analyses of the ITS 5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that four isolates were phylogenetically related to Teunomyces stri, two isolates related to Teunomyces atbi, two isolates related to Teunomyces aglyptinius, and another two isolates related to Teunomyces aglyptinius, Teunomyces barrocoloradensis, Teunomyces gatunensis and Teunomyces stri. The four novel species differ by 3 % or more of sequence divergence in D1/D2 domains from their closest relatives. These species were isolated from basidiocarps of the mushrooms Marasmiellus volvatus, Tricholomopsis aurea, Hydropus sp. and Favolus tenuiculus, or drosophilids feeding on these substrates. The names Teunomyces gombertii f.a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS 16168T; Mycobank MB849065), Teunomyces landelliae f.a., sp. nov. (holotype =CBS 16169T; Mycobank MB 849066), Teunomyces ledahaglerae f.a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS 16170T; Mycobank MB 849067) and Teunomyces paulamoraisiae f.a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS 16120T; Mycobank MB 849068) are proposed for these species.

Asunto(s)

Agaricales , Bosque Lluvioso , Brasil , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ecosistema

RESUMEN

Sixteen yeast isolates representing two novel species of the genus Sugiyamaella were obtained from passalid beetles, their galleries and rotting wood collected in three sites of Amazonian Forest in Brazil. Sequence analyses of the ITS-5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the first species, described here as Sugiyamaella amazoniana f. a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS 18112, MycoBank 847461) is phylogenetically related to S. bonitensis with these species differing by 37 nucleotide substitutions and six gaps in D1/D2 sequences. S. amazoniana is represented by nine isolates obtained from the guts of the passalid beetles Popilius marginatus, Veturius magdalenae, Veturius sinuosus and Spasalus aquinoi, a beetle gallery and rotting wood. The second species, Sugiyamaella bielyi f. a., sp. nov. (holotype CBS 18148, MycoBank 847463), is most phylogenetically related to several undescribed Sugiyamaella species. S. bielyi is described based on seven isolates obtained from the guts of V. magdalenae and V. sinuosus, a beetle gallery and rotting wood. Both species appear to be associated with passalid beetles and their ecological niches in Amazonian biome.

Asunto(s)

Escarabajos , Saccharomycetales , Animales , Madera , Brasil , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ADN de Hongos/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Composición de Base , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Ácidos Grasos/química , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética

RESUMEN

Four isolates of Spathaspora species were recovered from rotting wood collected in two Brazilian Amazonian biomes. The isolates produced unconjugated allantoid asci with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends. Sequence analysis of the ITS-5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the isolates represent two different novel Spathaspora species, phylogenetically related to Sp. boniae. Two isolates were obtained from rotting wood collected in two different sites of the Amazonian forest in the state of Pará. The name Spathaspora brunopereirae sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The holotype of Spathaspora brunopereirae sp. nov. is CBS 16119T (MycoBank MB846672). The other two isolates were obtained from a region of transition between the Amazonian forest and the Cerrado ecosystem in the state of Tocantins. The name Spathaspora domphillipsii sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species. The holotype of Spathaspora domphillipsii sp. nov. is CBS 14229T (MycoBank MB846697). Both species are able to convert d-xylose into ethanol and xylitol, a trait with biotechnological applications.

Asunto(s)

Saccharomycetales , Xilosa , Ecosistema , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Filogenia , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Ácidos Grasos/química , Saccharomycetales/genética , Levaduras/genética , Bosques , Madera , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética

RESUMEN

During studies of yeasts associated with soil in a Cerrado-Atlantic Rain Forest ecotone site in Brazil, three orange-pigmented yeast strains were isolated from samples collected in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Molecular analyses combining the 26S rRNA gene (D1/D2 domains) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences as well as whole-genome sequence data showed that these strains could not be ascribed to any known species in the basidiomycetous genus Phaffia, and thus they are considered to represent a novel species for which the name Phaffia brasiliana sp. nov. is proposed. The holotype is CBS 16121T and the MycoBank number is MB 839315. The occurrence of P. brasiliana in a tropical region is unique for the genus, since all other species occur in temperate regions. Two factors appear to contribute to the distribution of the novel taxon: first, the region where it was found has relatively moderate temperature ranges and, second, an adaptation to grow or withstand temperatures higher than those of the other species in the genus seems to be in place.

Asunto(s)

Basidiomycota/clasificación , Filogenia , Bosque Lluvioso , Microbiología del Suelo , Basidiomycota/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN

RESUMEN

Four yeast isolates with an affinity to the genus Wickerhamiella were obtained from beach sand, a marine zoanthid and a tree exudate at different localities in Brazil. Two other isolates with almost identical ITS and D1/D2 sequences of the large subunit rRNA gene were isolated from the small intestine of cattle and a grease trap in Thailand. These isolates represent a novel species phylogenetically related to Wickerhamiella verensis, Wickerhamiella osmotolerans, Wickerhamiella tropicalis, Wickerhamiella sorbophila and Wickerhamiella infanticola. The novel species differs by 15-30 nucleotide differences from these species in the D1/D2 sequences. The name Wickerhamiella martinezcruziae f.a., sp. nov. is proposed. The holotype of Wickerhamiella martinezcruziae sp. nov. is CBS 16104T. The MycoBank number is MB 839328.

Asunto(s)

Filogenia , Saccharomycetales , Animales , Composición de Base , Brasil , Bovinos/microbiología , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Intestino Delgado/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Exudados de Plantas , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Arena/microbiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Tailandia , Clima Tropical

RESUMEN

Six yeast isolates were obtained from rotting wood samples in Brazil and frass of a cerambycid beetle larva in French Guiana. Sequence analysis of the ITS-5.8S region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the isolates represent a novel species of Cyberlindnera. This novel species is related to Cyberlindnera japonica, Cyberlindnera xylosilytica, Candida easanensis and Candida maesa. It is heterothallic and produces asci with two or four hat-shaped ascospores. The name Cyberlindnera dasilvae sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the novel species. The holotype of Cy. dasilvae is CBS 16129T and the designated paratype is CBS 16584. The MycoBank number is 838252. All isolates of Cy. dasilvae were able to convert xylose into xylitol with maximum xylitol production within 60 and 72 h. The isolates produced xylitol with values ranging from 12.61 to 31.79 g l-1 in yeast extract-peptone-xylose medium with 5% xylose. When the isolates were tested in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate containing around 35-38 g l-1d-xylose, isolate UFMG-CM-Y519 showed maximum xylitol production.

Asunto(s)

Escarabajos/microbiología , Filogenia , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Madera , Xilitol , Animales , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico , Heces/microbiología , Larva/microbiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Madera/microbiología , Xilitol/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Yeast communities associated with cacti were studied in three ecosystems of Southeast, Central and North Brazil. A total of 473 yeast strains belonging to 72 species were isolated from 190 samples collected. Cactophilic yeast species were prevalent in necrotic tissues, flowers, fruits and insects of cacti collected in Southeast and North Brazil. Pichia cactophila, Candida sonorensis and species of the Sporopachydermia complex were the most prevalent cactophilic species in Southeast and Central regions. Kodamaea nitidulidarum, Candida restingae and Wickerhamiella cacticola were frequently associated with cactus flowers and fruits. The diversity of yeasts associated with the substrates studied was high. Twenty-one novel species were found. One is described here as Kluyveromyces starmeri sp. nov. based on 21 isolates obtained from necrotic tissues, flowers, fruits and associated insects of the columnar cacti Cereus saddianus, Micranthocereus dolichospermaticus and Pilosocereus arrabidae in two different ecosystems in Brazil. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences encoding the gene of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer, the 5.8S rRNA gene and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA showed that the species is related to Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii, Kluyveromyces lactis and Kluyveromyces marxianus. Phylogenomic analyses based on 1264 conserved genes shared among the new species and 19 other members of the Saccharomycetaceae confirmed this phylogenetic relationship. The holotype is K. starmeri sp. nov. CBS 16103T (=UFMG-CM-Y3682T ). The Mycobank number is MB 836817.

Asunto(s)

Cactaceae/microbiología , Ecosistema , Kluyveromyces/clasificación , Kluyveromyces/genética , Micobioma/genética , Filogenia , Levaduras/genética , Brasil , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Variación Genética , Genoma Fúngico , Geografía , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , ARN Ribosómico/genética , Levaduras/clasificación

RESUMEN

Yeasts associated with rotting wood from four Atlantic Rain forest sites in Brazil were investigated using a culture medium based on sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. A total of 330 yeast strains were isolated. Pichia manshurica, Candida pseudolambica, and Wickerhamomyces sp. 3 were the most frequently isolated species. Fourteen novel species were obtained in this study. All isolates were tested for their ability to ferment d-xylose and to produce xylanases. In the fermentation assays using d-xylose (30 g L-1), the main ethanol producers were Scheffersomyces stipitis (14.08 g L-1), Scheffersomyces sp. (7.94 g L-1) and Spathaspora boniae (7.16 g L-1). Sc. stipitis showed the highest ethanol yield (0.42 g g-1) and the highest productivity (0.39 g L-1h-1). The fermentation results using hemicellulosic hydrolysate showed that Sc. stipitis was the best ethanol producer, achieving a yield of 0.32 g g-1, while Sp. boniae and Scheffersomyces sp. were excellent xylitol producers. The best xylanase-producing yeasts at 50 °C belonged to the species Su. xylanicola (0.487 U mg-1) and Saitozyma podzolica (0.384 U mg-1). The results showed that rotting wood collected from the Atlantic Rainforest is a valuable source of yeasts able to grow in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, including species with promising biotechnological properties.

Asunto(s)

Celulosa , Etanol , Saccharum , Madera , Levaduras , Basidiomycota , Brasil , Celulosa/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Fermentación , Pichia , Saccharomycetales , Saccharum/microbiología , Madera/microbiología , Xilosa/metabolismo , Levaduras/enzimología , Levaduras/aislamiento & purificación , Levaduras/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Four isolates of two novel ascosporogenous species belonging to the clade Starmera were obtained from cactus tissues and rotting wood in Brazil. Results of analyses of the sequences of the ITS and D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene indicated that the two isolates of the cactophilic species are related to Starmera caribaea and Starmera pilosocereana, yeasts that are associated with cacti and require an organic source of sulfur for growth. We propose the novel species Starmera foglemanii sp. nov. (CBS 16113T; MycoBank number: MB 834400) to accommodate these isolates. The other two isolates are phylogenetically related to Candida dendrica, Candida laemsonensis and Candida berthetii, also in the Starmera clade. The novel species name Starmera ilhagrandensis sp. nov. (CBS 16316T; MycoBank number: MB 834402) is proposed for this species.

Asunto(s)

Cactaceae/microbiología , Filogenia , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Madera/microbiología , Brasil , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN

RESUMEN

Kluyveromyces osmophilus, a single-strain species isolated from Mozambique sugar, has been treated a synonym of Zygosaccharomyces mellis. Analyses of D1/D2 LSU rRNA gene sequences confirmed that the species belongs to the genus Zygosaccharomyces but showed it to be distinct from strains of Z. mellis. During studies of yeasts associated with stingless bees in Brazil, nine additional isolates of the species were obtained from unripe and ripe honey and pollen of Scaptotrigona cfr. bipunctata, as well as ripe honey of Tetragonisca angustula. The D1/D2 sequences of the Brazilian isolates were identical to those of the type strain of K. osmophilus CBS 5499 (=ATCC 22027), indicating that they represent the same species. Phylogenomic analyses using 4038 orthologous genes support the reinstatement of K. osmophilus as a member of the genus Zygosaccharomyces. We, therefore, propose the name Zygosaccharomyces osmophilus comb. nov. (lectotype ATCC 22027; MycoBank no. MB 833739).

Asunto(s)

Abejas/microbiología , Miel/microbiología , Kluyveromyces/clasificación , Polen/microbiología , Zygosaccharomyces/clasificación , Animales , Brasil , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN

RESUMEN

Six strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from tree bark collected in the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil. Analyses of the sequences of D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the strains belong to a species in the genus Zygotorulaspora. The species differed by 5.54 % sequence divergence (25 substitutions and five indels out of 542 bp) in the D1/D2 sequences from Zygotorulaspora mrakii, its closest relative. The ITS sequence of the type strain of the novel species differs by 27-69 nucleotide substitutions/indels from the other Zygotorulaspora species. The novel species is able to grow on trehalose, maltose, l-sorbose, inulin and at 37 °C, which are negative in Z. mrakii. The name Zygotorulaspora cariocana sp. nov. is proposed. The holotype of Z. cariocana sp. nov. is CBS 16118T. The MycoBank number is MB 833702.

Asunto(s)

Filogenia , Corteza de la Planta/microbiología , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Brasil , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Bosque Lluvioso , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Árboles/microbiología

RESUMEN

The isolation of a single yeast strain in the clade containing Metschnikowia dekortorum, in the Amazon biome of Brazil, incited us to re-examine the species boundaries within the clade. The strain (UFMG-CM-Y6306) was difficult to position relative to neighbouring species using standard barcode sequences (ITS-D1/D2 rRNA gene region). Mating took place freely with α strains of M. bowlesiae, M. dekortorum, and M. similis, but two-spored asci, indicative of a fertile meiotic progeny, were formed abundantly only with certain strains of M. dekortorum. Accordingly, we examined mating success among every phylotype in the clade and constructed a phylogeny based on a concatenation of 100 of the largest orthologous genes annotated in draft genomes. The analyses confirmed membership of the Amazonian isolate in M. dekortorum, but also indicated that the species should be subdivided into two. As a result, we retain three original members of M. dekortorum in the species, together with the new isolate, and reassign six isolates recovered from Mesoamerican lacustrine habitats to Metschnikowia lacustris sp. nov. The type is UWOPS 12-619.2T (isotype CBS 16250T). MycoBank: MB 833751.

Asunto(s)

Metschnikowia/clasificación , Filogenia , Brasil , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Genes Fúngicos , Genes de ARNr/genética , Estadios del Ciclo de Vida , Metschnikowia/genética , Metschnikowia/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Saccharomycetales/clasificación

RESUMEN

Species of the nitidulid beetle Conotelus found in flowers of Convolvulaceae and other plants across the New World and in Hawaii consistently harbour a yeast community dominated by one or more large-spored Metschnikowia species. We investigated the yeasts found in beetles and flowers of cultivated passionfruit in Rondônia state, in the Amazon biome of Brazil, where a Conotelus species damages the flowers and hinders fruit production. A sample of 46 beetles and 49 flowers yielded 86 and 83 yeast isolates, respectively. Whereas the flower community was dominated by Kodamaea ohmeri and Kurtzmaniella quercitrusa, the major yeasts recovered from beetles were Wickerhamiella occidentalis, which is commonly isolated from this community, and a novel species of large-spored Metschnikowia in the arizonensis subclade, which we describe here as Metschnikowia amazonensis sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on barcode sequences (ITS-D1/D2) and a multigene alignment of 11,917 positions (genes ura2, msh6, and pmt2) agreed to place the new species as a sister to Metschnikowia arizonensis, a rare species known only from one locality in Arizona. The two form sterile asci when mated, which is typical of related members of the clade. The α pheromone of the new species is unique but typical of the subclade. The type of M. amazonensis sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y6309T (ex-type CBS 16156T , mating type a), and the designated allotype (mating type α) is UFMG-CM-Y6307A (CBS 16155A ). MycoBank MB 833560.

Asunto(s)

Escarabajos/microbiología , Flores/microbiología , Metschnikowia/clasificación , Microbiota/fisiología , Passiflora/microbiología , Esporas Fúngicas , Levaduras/fisiología , Animales , Brasil , Escarabajos/parasitología , ADN de Hongos/análisis , Flores/parasitología , Metschnikowia/genética , Metschnikowia/aislamiento & purificación , Metschnikowia/fisiología , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Saccharomycetales/genética , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Saccharomycetales/fisiología , Alineación de Secuencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Levaduras/aislamiento & purificación

RESUMEN

Twelve strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from rotting wood, mushrooms and fruit samples in Brazil and French Guiana. Analysis of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region and the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the novel species belongs to the Kurtzmaniella clade. The novel species differed from its closest relative, Candida natalensis, by 12 substitutions in the D1/D2 sequences. The novel species could be distinguished from C. natalensis by its inability to assimilate cellobiose and salicin, and growth at 50 % (w/w) glucose. The name Kurtzmaniella hittingeri f.a., sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species. The type strain of K. hittingeri sp. nov. is CBS 13469T (=UFMG CM-Y272T). The MycoBank number is 827183. We also propose the transfer of Candida fragi, Candida quercitrusa and Candida natalensis to the genus Kurtzmaniella as new combinations.

Asunto(s)

Candida/clasificación , Frutas/microbiología , Filogenia , Madera/microbiología , Alcoholes Bencílicos , Brasil , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Celobiosa , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Guyana Francesa , Glucósidos , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN