RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is recognition of the growing prevalence of alternative work arrangements, contingent jobs, and work secured through an app. However, there have been few systematic efforts to understand the impact of these forms of work on individuals and households. METHODS: The data derive from the California Work and Health Survey administered to a sample of the working age population of the state solicited through random-digit dialing of cell phone numbers. 4014 individuals completed the survey, 26% of those with an in-service cell phone number. We present odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression estimating the impact of being an independent contractor, in other forms of alternative work arrangements, in contingent jobs, and in work secured through an app, on economic and health status and working conditions in main jobs, with and without adjustment for covariates. RESULTS: Several of the forms of work analyzed are associated with lower earnings and higher rates of wage theft, household poverty, benefit recipiency, and expectation of hardships in food, housing, and medical care in the immediate future. Association between the forms of work and current health status is less consistent. However, several forms of work are associated with working conditions known to be risk factors for subsequent health problems. CONCLUSIONS: Public policy to mitigate the adverse impacts of work, largely developed in the 20th Century when there was an identified workplace, may be insufficient to protect workers' well-being for alternative work arrangements, contingent jobs, and work secured through an app.
Asunto(s)
Empleo , Estado de Salud , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Aplicaciones Móviles , Humanos , Adulto , California , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Empleo/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Modelos Logísticos , Adolescente , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Salarios y Beneficios/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Laboral/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Care coordination is generally viewed as a key to success for health systems seeking to adapt to a range of new value-based payment policies. PURPOSE: This study explores care coordination staffing in four health systems participating in new payment models, including Medicaid payment reform and Accountable Care Organizations. METHODS: Comparative case study design is used to describe models of care coordination. Analysis of 43 semi-structured interviews with leadership, clinicians, and care coordination staff at four health systems engaged in value-based contracts. DISCUSSION: Each of the sites engaged in significant task shifting of low-complexity care coordination activities to licensed practical nurses, medical assistants, and other unlicensed personnel freeing up registered nurses and social workers for more complex patients. Few have care coordination experience, requiring a significant investment in on-the-job training. CONCLUSION: Payment reform is leading to a greater investment in the care coordination workforce. However, demonstrating the return on investment remains a challenge.