RESUMEN

Resumen Gran parte de los pacientes con mieloma múltiple inician con signos y síntomas relacionados con la infiltración de células plasmáticas o el exceso de cadenas ligeras kappa. La enfermedad renal es común con enfermedad heterogénea que puede involucrar diferentes mecanismos. Se comunica el caso de un paciente con sospecha de mieloma múltiple debido a la existencia de lumbalgia, insuficiencia renal, anemia e hipercalcemia; con electroforesis de proteínas séricas negativa para hipergammaglobulinemia, en quien se confirmó el diagnóstico al demostrar la existencia de cadenas ligeras kappa en tejido renal; se realiza una revisión de la bibliografía actual.

Abstract Much of the patients with multiple myeloma present with signs and symptoms related to plasma cells infiltration or by the excess of kappa light chains. Kidney disease is common and has a heterogeneous pathophysiology that may involve different mechanisms. We present the case of a patient with suspected multiple myeloma because of low back pain, renal failure, anemia and hypercalcemia; without hipergammaglobulinemia in the electrophoresis, in whom the diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of kappa chains light in renal tissue; a review of current literature is made.

RESUMEN

Determining the priority of attention in an Emergency Room (ER) has always been a difficult issue. Priority is determined with a simple triage system as people arrive at the hospital. It is important to establish how long they can wait for treatment. In order to obtain the best assessment of patients' conditions, we built a Nursing Software for Emergency Triage (NSET). The objective of this work was to assess the efficacy of the NSET versus the triage process without any software (TWS). Results showed that the NSET we built was a substantial help. With this software, we decreased significantly:1) the length of the triage system process, 2) the waiting time of patients in the waiting room, 3) the number of complaints and 4) the number of patients who walk away. In conclusion, the NSET improves and helps to define more accurately a patient's risk. NSET helps in the emergency department triage.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine the trend of high school students from Valparaíso Chile by means of an anthropometrical somatotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS: two samples of students during the years 1984-1985 (86 men and 71 women) and 2009-2010 (77 men and 86 women) between 15 and 18 years of age have been studied. Somatotype was estimated by the Heath-Carter anthropometric method. RESULTS: significant differences were found in all the variables of the somatotype during the periods studied (p < 0.01), except for height (p = 0.176) and humeral breadth in women (p = 0.067). Important distinctions were also found in the endomorphic, mesomorphic and ectomorphic components (p < 0.01). Men measurements registered remarkable differences in all the variables (p < 0.01), with the exception of weight (p = 0.156), calf breadth (p = 0.906) and arm breadth in contraction (p = 0.284). Measurement results of endomorphic (p < 0.01), ectomorphic (p < 0.01) and mesomorfic components (p < 0.05) revealed considerable differences. During the period 1984-1985, men classified as balanced mesomorph 2.7-4.8-3.1 which switched to mesomorph-endomorph 3.8-4.3-2.5 in the period 2009-2010. And the population of women in the 1984-1985 period is classified as mesomorph-endomorph 4.2-4.7-2.1 and changes to a mesomorphic-endomorph biotype 6.6-4.1-1.3 in the 2009-2010. CONCLUSIONS: the somatotype of the adolescent population, especially women in Valparaiso, Chile has changed to a predominant endomorphic biotype, and its mesomorphic component has decreased. A high relative adiposity contributes to increase the probability for these people to suffer non-transmissible chronic diseases and cardiovascular issues.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

We evaluated 249 patients (pts) with first acute myocardial infarction: 1. Pts without thrombolysis, n = 119, 2. Pts treated with thrombolysis within 6 hours following MI, n = 80 and 3. Pts treated with thrombolysis between 6-12 hours after MI. Arrhythmic events were evaluated during follow up. All underwent heart rate variability studies and coronary angiogram where anterograde flow (TIMI) and collateral flow (Rentrop scale 0-2 = poor collateral flow and 3 = good collateral flow) were determined. Pts in group 2 and 3 showed a better anterograde and collateral flow than group 1 (p < 0.001). A lower spectral power in the high frequency band and a higher ratio low/high frequency band were observed in group 1 (p < 0.05). Conjunctive consolidation analysis showed more malignant arrhythmias in TIMI 0-2 with poor collateral flow than TIMI 0-2 with good collateral flow (17/138-12.3% vs 0/14-0%). Kaplan Meier analysis was able to demonstrate more cardiac sudden death events in TIMI 0-2 with poor collateral flow than TIMI 0-2 with good collateral flow or TIMI 3 (x2 = 7.22, p = 0.028), independently of thrombolytic treatment.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Spontaneous development of diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is mediated by an immunological process. In disease-transfer experiments, the activation of diabetes has been reported to require participation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. These findings seem to indicate that the CD4+ cells are the helper cells for the activation of cytotoxic CD8+ cells that directly destroy islet beta cells in type I diabetes. In this report we challenge this interpretation because of two observations: (i) Destruction of syngeneic islet grafts by spontaneously diabetic NOD mice (disease recurrence) is CD4+ and not CD8+ T-cell dependent. (ii) Disease recurrence in islet tissue grafted to diabetic NOD mice is not restricted by islet major histocompatibility complex antigens. From these observations we propose that islet destruction depends on CD4+ effector T cells that are restricted by major histocompatibility complex antigens expressed on NOD antigen-presenting cells. Both of these findings argue against the CD8+ T cell as a mediator of direct islet damage. We postulate that islet damage in the NOD mouse results from a CD4+ T-cell-dependent inflammatory response.

Asunto(s)