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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the emergency response and long-term intervention effects after the detection of infectious snails epidemic by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays in Hannan District, Wuhan City, and to explore the application of LAMP in early surveillance and early-warning of schistosomiasis transmission. Methods Snails picked up by the risk monitoring system in Hannan District were examined by anatomical microscopy and LAMP technology to identify the schistosomiasis infection. Emergency response and intensive intervention were initiated in the environment where positive snails appeared, and the long-term effects were evaluated. Results In May 2018, the infectious snails were detected by LAMP technology in Hannan District, and the positive snails were located in Zhujiacha, Dongzhuang Village, Obstacles and weeds were removed and buried by machine in Zhujiacha. 12 700 m2 of snails were killed by drugs, and the mortality rate of snails was more than 80%; no new seropositive persons were found in the emergency examination within 500 m of the positive snail sites. 506 people were examined in Dong Zhuang Village at the end of the year, and 30 positive IHA cases were detected with a blood positive rate of 5.93%, no positive fecal test was found, and all positive blood test patients took preventive medication. The monitoring results of sentinel rats and wild feces were all negative. Health education was carried out, 7 warning signs were deployed and refreshed, and 500 publicity brochures were distributed. After nearly three years of intensified intervention and monitoring in the villages where the positive environment is located, and the density of snails on the stubborn snail has dropped from 0.094/frame to 0.027/frame, and the positive rate of blood test in Dongzhuang Village has steadily dropped from 5.93% to 3.74%. Conclusions The infected snails missed by microscopy were detected by LAMP in Hannan District, which created conditions for the rapid emergency treatment of environment and elimination of positive snail and improved the sensitivity of the surveillance and early warning system in transmission-interrupted areas.
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OBJECTIVE: To understand the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica in rodents from Wuhan section of the Yangtze River marshland. METHODS: Rodents were trapped in Jiang'an section of Wuhan marshland of the Yangtze River. The livers of the rodents were examined for pathological changes by unaided eyes and the liver tissues were examined for the eggs of C. hepatica by a microscope. RESULTS: According to the natural conditions, the investigation was carried out in 6 survey areas. Each survey area was placed with 60 mousetraps, and all 360 mousetraps were recovered. A total of 31 rodents (rodent density 8.61%) were captured and examined, including 24 Apodemus agrarius, 3 Rattus norvegicus, 4 Sorex caecutiens, and C. hepatica eggs were found in 1 R. norvegicus (1/3) and not found in A. agrarius, and S. caecutiens. CONCLUSION: This study has documented a prevalence of C. hepatica in rodents from Wuhan section of the Yangtze River marshland where is a natural epidemic focus of capillariasis hepatica.
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Capillaria/fisiología , Infecciones por Enoplida/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Roedores/parasitología , Animales , Capillaria/aislamiento & purificación , China , Infecciones por Enoplida/parasitología , Infecciones por Enoplida/patología , Hígado/parasitología , Hígado/patología , Ratas , Ríos , Enfermedades de los Roedores/patología , Roedores/clasificación , Roedores/parasitología , HumedalesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To understand the water infectivity of schistosome in key water regions of Wuhan City and explore the role of a sentinel mouse technique on surveillance and forecast system for schistosomiasis. METHODS: Schistosome-endemic areas of the Yangtze River, the Dongjing-Tongshun River system, the Fu-Lun River system and the Jinshui River of Wuhan City were chosen as the surveillance and forecast sites. The Oncomelania snail distribution and infection were surveyed before the flood season. The water infectivity was detected by using the sentinel mouse technique during the flood season. The infection status of people in the villages around the surveillance sites and the activities of human beings and domestic animals were surveyed. The correlation between the infection rate of sentinel mice and snail status was tested by the rank correlation method. The emergency response mechanism was initiated when the areas with schistosomes were detected in water. RESULTS: Among the 18 surveillance sites, 15 sites with infected sentinel mice were found, accounting for 83.33%. A total of 554 sentinel mice were placed and 540 recovered, with a recovery rate of 97.47%. All the recovered mice were dissected and 75 infected, with a total infection rate of 13.89%. Totally 172 adult worms were collected, with mean worm burden of 2.29 +/- 0.71 worms per mouse. The infection rates of sentinel mice in 4 water systems were 8.33%, 24.53%, 10.85% and 6.56%, respectively, and the mean worm burdens of infected sentinel mice were 2.33 +/- 0.71, 2.28 +/- 0.76, 2.22 +/- 0.60 and 2.75 +/- 0.96 worms per mouse, respectively. The infection rates of sentinel mice in 4 water systems had a statistically significant difference (chi2 = 19.131, P = 0.000). The mean worm burdens of the infected sentinel mice in 4 water systems had no statistically significant difference (F = 0.638, P = 0.593). The correlation coefficient among the infection rate of sentinel mice, snail area, the average density of living snails and infected snail rate had no statistical significance. Among the 15 sites with infected sentinel mice, 8 sites with fisherman activities, 8 sites with anglers or planters, 10 sites with cattle keepings and 4 of which with infected cattle. All the 15 sites with cercariae-infected water bodies started the emergency response and no epidemic situation happened. CONCLUSIONS: The water infectivity of schistosome in key water regions of Wuhan City was relatively high. Detecting water infectivity based on a sentinel mouse technique is an important part of surveillance and forecast system for schistosomiasis.