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Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens represent main threats to the yield and quality of agricultural products, and Alternaria longipes is one of the most important pathogens in agricultural systems. Biological control is becoming increasingly prevalent in the management of plant diseases due to its environmental compatibility and sustainability. In the present study, a bacterial strain, designated as OPF-9, was shown to effectively inhibit the pathogen A. longipes, which was identified as Streptomyces globosus. The culture conditions for OPF-9 were optimized through a stepwise approach and the fermentation broth acquired displayed an excellent inhibitory activity against A. longipes in vitro and in vivo. Further investigations suggested that the fermentation broth exhibited strong stability under a range of adverse environmental conditions. To reveal the molecular bases of OPF-9 in inhibiting pathogens, the whole-genome sequencing and assembly were conducted on this strain. It showed that the genome size of OPF-9 was 7.668 Mb, containing a chromosome and two plasmids. Multiple clusters of secondary metabolite synthesis genes were identified by genome annotation analysis. In addition, the fermentation broth of strain OPF-9 was analyzed by LC-MS/MS non-target metabolomic assay and the activity of potential antifungal substances was determined. Among the five compounds evaluated, pyrogallol displayed the most pronounced inhibitory activity against A. longipes, which was found to effectively inhibit the mycelial growth of this pathogen. Overall, this study reported, for the first time, a strain of S. globosus that effectively inhibits A. longipes and revealed the underlying biocontrol mechanisms by genomic and metabolomic analyses.
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Alternaria , Streptomyces , Alternaria/fisiología , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Streptomyces/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Agentes de Control Biológico , Metabolómica , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Fermentación , Metabolismo Secundario , MultiómicaRESUMEN
Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignancy characterized by a high incidence and recurrence rate. 5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA modification is a common alteration affecting cancer progression; however, how m5C operates within the tumor microenvironment of HNSCC remains to be elucidated. Methods: We conducted Nanopore sequencing on 3 pairs of cancer and paracancerous tissues from mid- and late-stage HNSCC, obtaining 132 upregulated genes (transcriptomically upregulated, m5C elevated) and 129 downregulated genes (transcriptomically downregulated, m5C reduced). Subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed; a differential gene interaction network (PPI) was constructed, revealing the interactions of each gene with others in the network. Co-expression analysis was performed on the genes within the PPI, unveiling their expression and regulatory relationships. Through GSVA analysis, variations in related pathways under different states were identified. Furthermore, results of m5C in lncRNA were screened, followed by target gene prediction. Results: Sequencing results from the 3 pairs of mid- and late-stage HNSCC cancer and paracancerous tissues demonstrated that RPS27A, RPL8, and the lncRNAs including differentiation antagonizing nonprotein coding RNA (DANCR), DCST1 antisense RNA 1 (CCDC144NL-AS1), Growth Arrest-Specific Transcript 5 (GAS5), Nuclear Paraspeckle Assembly Transcript 1 (NEAT1), and Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 3 (SNHG3), etc., under m5Cregulation, have close connections with surrounding genes. The differentially m5Cmodified genes are primarily involved in ribosomal protein synthesis, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming, immunity, and other life processes; pathways like mitochondrial protein import and photodynamic therapy induced unfolded protein response are upregulated in the tumor, while pathways, including the classic P53, are suppressed. Analysis on m5C-regulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) revealed tight associations with RPS27A and RPL8 as well. Conclusion: Our study identifies the key factors and signaling pathways involving m5C in HNSCC. The findings suggest that ribosome-related genes might regulate ribosomal protein synthesis, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming, and immune response through m5C RNA modification by means like hypoxia and ferroptosis, thereby playing a pivotal role in the onset and progression of HNSCC. Hence, attention should be paid to the role of ribosomes in HNSCC. These findings may facilitate the precision and individualized treatment of patients with mid- and late-stage HNSCC in clinical settings.
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In vivo real-time detection of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in biological systems plays a crucial role in diagnosing immune-related diseases. Experimentally, a benzo-bodipy probe based on the photo-induced electron transfer (PeT) sensing mechanism has been developed for live fluorescence imaging. However, there have been no theoretical studies conducted to substantiate the precision of the sensing mechanism. This paper employs density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods to investigate the fluorescence detection mechanism of benzo-bodipy derivatives (BBy-T and BBy-TO), proposing a detection approach based on dark nπ* state quenching. The study reveals that the fluorescence quenching mechanism of BBy-T is primarily regulated by a thiomorpholine moiety, involving a dark nπ* state transition non-radiatively. Furthermore, this paper explains the fluorescence enhancement observed in BBy-TO. Theoretical investigations demonstrate, based on frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and hole-electron analysis, that the fluorescence enhancement for BBy-TO is not governed by the previously proposed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism in experiments but rather follows a locally excited (LE) ππ* pattern. This work offers new insights for the design of novel fluorescence probes based on bodipy and benzo derivatives, expanding the understanding of their fluorescence properties.
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In this manuscript, three components of lignocellulosic biomass were obtained by deconstructing bamboo with γ-valerolactone-H2O biphasic system, and the delignification rate of 80.92 % was achieved at 120 °C for 90 min. Lignin nanospheres with diameters ranging from 75 nm to 2 um could be customized by varying the self-assembly rate. Furthermore, the lignin nanospheres-poly(vinyl alcohol) film was prepared by cross-linking lignin nanospheres and poly(vinyl alcohol), which can obtain 90 % ultraviolet absorption capacity, while the light transmittance in non-ultraviolet band was almost unchanged. At the same time, due to the strong hydrogen formation between lignin nanospheres and poly(vinyl alcohol) bond network, the tensile properties of the composite film were also improved by 30 %. Besides, the high specific surface area of biomass-derived porous biochar (2056 m2/g) can be obtained after carbonization of solid residues at 850 °C for 2 h, which was almost 8 times the specific surface area of the direct biomass carbonization due to the removal of lignin and hemicellulose. biomass-derived porous biochar can be used as an adsorbent, with a CO2 capture capacity of 4.5 mmol g-1 at normal temperature (25 °C, 1 bar). The filtrate after the reaction contained a large amount of hemicellulose oligomers, which can be reacted with dichloromethane at 170 °C for 1 h to obtain the furfural yield of 74 %. In summary, the proposed biorefinery scheme achieves a full-component upgrade of lignocellulose and can be further applied in various downstream fields.
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Biomasa , Lactonas , Lignina , Ácidos Fosfóricos , Lactonas/química , Lignina/química , Ácidos Fosfóricos/química , Carbón Orgánico/química , Agua/química , Sasa/química , Porosidad , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Nanosferas/químicaRESUMEN
Rational design of efficient methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalyst that undergo non-CO pathway is essential to resolve the long-standing poisoning issue. However, it remains a huge challenge due to the rather difficulty in maximizing the non-CO pathway by the selective coupling between the key *CHO and *OH intermediates. Here, we report a high-performance electrocatalyst of patchy atomic-layer Pt epitaxial growth on CeO2 nanocube (Pt ALs/CeO2) with maximum electronic metal-support interaction for enhancing the coupling selectively. The small-size monolayer material achieves an optimal geometrical distance between edge Pt-O-Ce sites and *OH absorbed on CeO2, which well restrains the dehydrogenation of *CHO, resulting in the non-CO pathway. Meanwhile, the *CHO/*CO intermediate generated at inner Pt-O-Ce sites can migrate to edge, inducing the subsequent coupling reaction, thus avoiding poisoning while promoting reaction efficiency. Consequently, Pt ALs/CeO2 exhibits exceptionally catalytic stability with negligible degradation even under 1000â s pure CO poisoning operation and high mass activity (14.87â A/mgPt), enabling it one of the best-performing alkali-stable MOR catalysts.
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Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin films were synthesized by using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method with a low flow rate (200 sccm) of mixed gases (Ar and H2). SWCNT thin films with different thicknesses can be prepared by controlling the collection time of the SWCNTs on membrane filters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the SWCNTs formed bundles and that they had an average diameter of 1.46 nm. The Raman spectra of the SWCNT films suggested that the synthesized SWCNTs were very well crystallized. Although the electrical properties of SWCNTs have been widely studied so far, the Hall effect of SWCNTs has not been fully studied to explore the electrical characteristics of SWCNT thin films. In this research, Hall effect measurements have been performed to investigate the important electrical characteristics of SWCNTs, such as their carrier mobility, carrier density, Hall coefficient, conductivity, and sheet resistance. The samples with transmittance between 95 and 43% showed a high carrier density of 1021-1023 cm-3. The SWCNTs were also treated using Brønsted acids (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4) to enhance their electrical properties. After the acid treatments, the samples maintained their p-type nature. The carrier mobility and conductivity increased, and the sheet resistance decreased for all treated samples. The highest mobility of 1.5 cm2/Vs was obtained with the sulfuric acid treatment at 80 °C, while the highest conductivity (30,720 S/m) and lowest sheet resistance (43 ohm/square) were achieved with the nitric acid treatment at room temperature. Different functional groups were identified in our synthesized SWCNTs before and after the acid treatments using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
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Copper-filled vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (Cu@VACNTs) were grown directly on Cu foil substrates of 0.1 mm thicknesses at different temperatures via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). By circumventing the need for additional catalyst layers or intensive substrate treatments, our in-situ technique offers a simplified and potentially scalable route for fabricating Cu@VACNTs with enhanced electrical and thermal properties on thin Cu foils. Comprehensive analysis using field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed uniform Cu filling within the VACNTs across a range of synthesis temperatures (650 °C, 700 °C, and 760 °C). Field emission (FE) measurements of the sample synthesized at 700 °C (S700) showed low turn-on and threshold fields of 2.33 V/µm and 3.29 V/µm, respectively. The findings demonstrate the viability of thin Cu substrates in creating dense and highly conductive Cu-filled VACNT arrays for advanced electronic and nanoelectronics applications.
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Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion is a prevalent pathological process that can result in intestinal dysfunction, bacterial translocation, energy metabolism disturbances, and subsequent harm to distal tissues and organs via the circulatory system. Acute lung injury frequently arises as a complication of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, exhibiting early onset and a grim prognosis. Without appropriate preventative measures and efficacious interventions, this condition may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and elevate mortality rates. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms and efficacious treatments remain elusive. This paper synthesizes recent research models and pertinent injury evaluation criteria within the realm of acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. The objective is to investigate the roles of pathophysiological mechanisms like oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis; and to assess the strengths and limitations of current therapeutic approaches for acute lung injury stemming from intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. The goal is to elucidate potential targets for enhancing recovery rates, identify suitable treatment modalities, and offer insights for translating fundamental research into clinical applications.
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BACKGROUND: Phytophthora capsici is a destructive oomycete pathogen, causing huge economic losses for agricultural production. The genus Trichoderma represents one of the most extensively researched categories of biocontrol agents, encompassing a diverse array of effective strains. The commercial biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 exhibits pronounced biocontrol effects against many plant pathogens, but its activity against P. capsici is not known. RESULTS: T. harzianum T-22 significantly inhibited the growth of P. capsici mycelia and the culture filtrate of T-22 induced lysis of P. capsici zoospores. Electron microscopic analyses indicated that T-22 significantly modulated the ultrastructural composition of P. capsici, with a severe impact on the cell wall integrity. Dual RNA sequencing revealed multiple biological processes involved in the inhibition during the interaction between these two microorganisms. In particular, a marked upregulation of genes was identified in T. harzianum that are implicated in cell wall degradation or disruption. Concurrently, the presence of T. harzianum appeared to potentiate the susceptibility of P. capsici to cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors such as mandipropamid and dimethomorph. Further investigations showed that mandipropamid and dimethomorph could strongly inhibit the growth and development of P. capsici but had no impact on T. harzianum even at high concentrations, demonstrating the feasibility of combining T. harzianum and these cell wall synthesis inhibitors to combat P. capsici. CONCLUSION: These findings provided enhanced insights into the biocontrol mechanisms against P. capsici with T. harzianum and evidenced compatibility between specific biological and chemical control strategies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Pared Celular , Phytophthora , Pared Celular/metabolismo , Phytophthora/fisiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Hypocreales/fisiología , Hypocreales/genética , AntibiosisRESUMEN
Achieving high-efficiency tunable emission in a single phosphor remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a series of Sb3+-doped all-inorganic double perovskites, Sb3+:Cs2NaScCl6, with efficient excitation-dependent emission. In 0.5%Sb3+:Cs2NaScCl6, strong blue emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 85% is obtained under 265 nm light irradiation, which turns into bright neutral white light with a PLQY of 56% when excited at 303 nm. Spectroscopic and computational investigations were performed to reveal the mechanism of this excitation-dependent emission. Sb3+ doping induces two different excitation channels: the internal transition of Sb3+: 5s2 â 5s5p and the electron transfer transition of Sb3+: 5s â Sc3+ 3d. The former one generates excited Sb3+ ions, which can undergo efficient energy transfer to populate the host self-trapped exciton (STE) state, yielding enhanced blue emission. The latter one leads to the formation of a new STE state with the hole localized on Sb3+ and the electron delocalized on the nearest Sc3+, which accounts for the newly exhibited low-energy emission. The difference in the excitation pathways of the two emitting STE states results in the highly efficient excitation-dependent emission, making the doped systems promising anticounterfeiting materials.
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BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests a pivotal role of vitamin B2 in the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Vitamin B2 intake has been postulated to modulate the screening rate for PCa by altering the concentration of prostate-specific antigen(PSA). However, the relationship between vitamin B2 and PSA remains indeterminate. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the association between vitamin B2 intake and PSA levels, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. METHODS: From a pool of 20,371 participants in the NHANES survey conducted between 2003 and 2010, a cohort of 2,323 participants was selected for the present study. The male participants were classified into four distinct groups based on their levels of vitamin B2 intake. We employed a multiple linear regression model and a non-parametric regression method to investigate the relationship between vitamin B2 and PSA levels. RESULTS: The study cohort comprised of 2,323 participants with a mean age of 54.95 years (± 11.73). Our findings revealed a statistically significant inverse correlation between vitamin B2 intake (mg) and PSA levels, with a reduction of 0.13 ng/ml PSA concentration for every unit increase in vitamin B2 intake. Furthermore, we employed a fully adjusted model to construct a smooth curve to explore the possible linear relationship between vitamin B2 intake and PSA concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Our study in American men has unveiled a notable inverse association between vitamin B2 intake and PSA levels, potentially posing a challenge for the identification of asymptomatic prostate cancer. Specifically, our findings suggest that individuals with higher vitamin B2 intake may be at a greater risk of being diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer in the future, possibly indicating a detection bias. These results may offer a novel explanation for the observed positive correlation between vitamin B2 intake and prostate cancer.
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Encuestas Nutricionales , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Riboflavina , Humanos , Masculino , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Próstata/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/epidemiología , Riboflavina/administración & dosificación , AdultoRESUMEN
Lotus seed skin extract is rich in flavonoids, making it a promising candidate for developing health products. In a previous study, we found that proanthocyanidins from lotus seed skin, particularly proanthocyanidin B1 (PB1), can indirectly activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, exerting an antioxidant effect. In this study, we isolate proanthocyanidins from lotus seed skin (PLS) using ethanol extraction and RP-HPLC identification, and investigate its effects on glycolipid metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that PLS reduces body weight in high-fat diet (HFD) mice by decreasing feed efficiency. PLS also normalizes serum glucose, insulin secretion, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (IPGTT). Furthermore, PLS significantly improves blood lipid parameters and inhibits the expressions of six proinflammatory factors, including IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-3, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HFD mice. Additionally, analysis of fresh liver tissues reveals that PLS and PB1 induce the expressions of antioxidant proteins such as HO-1 and NQO1 by activating the p38-Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, proanthocyanidins from lotus seed skin regulate glycolipid metabolism disorders by targeting the p38/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study offers a new approach for the high-value comprehensive utilization of lotus seed skin by-products and precise dietary intervention for metabolic syndrome.
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BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can aggravate lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and is a significant risk factor for recipient mortality after lung transplantation. Metformin protects against I/R injury in a variety of organs. However, the effect of metformin on diabetic lung I/R injury remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the effect and mechanism of metformin on lung I/R injury following lung transplantation in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: the control + sham group (CS group), the control + I/R group (CIR group), the DM + sham group (DS group), the DM + I/R group (DIR group), the DM + I/R + metformin group (DIRM group) and the DM + I/R + metformin + Compound C group (DIRMC group). Control and diabetic rats underwent the sham operation or left lung transplantation operation. Lung function, alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, necroptosis and the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio were determined after 24 h of reperfusion. RESULTS: Compared with the CIR group, the DIR group exhibited decreased lung function, increased alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and necroptosis, but decreased the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. Metformin improved the function of lung grafts, decreased alveolar capillary permeability, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and necroptosis, and increased the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio. In contrast, the protective effects of metformin were abrogated by Compound C. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin attenuates lung I/R injury and necroptosis through AMPK pathway in type 2 diabetic lung transplant recipient rats.
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Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Trasplante de Pulmón , Metformina , Necroptosis , Daño por Reperfusión , Animales , Ratas , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Lesión Pulmonar/prevención & control , Lesión Pulmonar/etiología , Lesión Pulmonar/metabolismo , Metformina/farmacología , Necroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, numerous devices have been deployed in complex environments for environmental monitoring and information transmission, which brings new power supply challenges. Wireless power transfer is a promising solution since it enables power delivery without cables, providing well-behaved flexibility for power supplies. Here we propose a compact wireless power transfer framework. The core components of the proposed framework include a plane-wave feeder and a transmissive 2-bit reconfigurable metasurface-based beam generator, which constitute a reconfigurable power router. The combined profile of the feeder and the beam generator is 0.8 wavelengths. In collaboration with a deep-learning-driven environment sensor, the router enables object detection and localization, and intelligent wireless power transfer to power-consuming targets, especially in dynamic multitarget environments. Experiments also show that the router is capable of simultaneous wireless power and information transfer. Due to the merits of low cost and compact size, the proposed framework may boost the commercialization of metasurface-based wireless power transfer routers.
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A novel water-soluble Amygdalus persica L. flowers polysaccharide (APL) was successfully isolated and purified from Amygdalus persica L. flowers by hot water extraction. Its chemical components and structure were analyzed by IR, GC-MS, and HPLC. APL consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 0.17:0.034:1.0:0.17 with an average molecular weight of approximately 208.53 kDa and 15.19 kDa. The antioxidant activity of APL was evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), Hydroxyl radical scavenging, Superoxide radical scavenging, and the reducing power activity was also determined in vitro. Besides, in vivo antioxidant experiment, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were treated with different concentrations of APL and then exposed to LPS to induce oxidative stress. Treatment with APL at 50 or 100 µg/mL significantly reduced LPS-induced oxidative stress in the zebrafish, demonstrating the strong antioxidant activity of APL. Moreover, the effect of APL on zebrafish depigmentation was tested by analyzing the tyrosinase activity and melanin content of zebrafish embryos. APL showed a potential reduction in the total melanin content and tyrosinase activity after treatment. This work provided important information for developing a potential natural antioxidant in the field of cosmetics and food.
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Antioxidantes , Pez Cebra , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Monofenol Monooxigenasa , Lipopolisacáridos , Melaninas/análisis , Flores/química , Agua/análisisRESUMEN
In brief: The impact of HVJ-E employed in mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) on embryonic development remains uncertain. This study has exhibited the influence of HVJ-E utilized in MRTs on embryonic development and has devised a novel HVJ-E-induced fusion approach to curtail the amount of HVJ-E employed in MRTs. Abstract: Mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) provide a viable option for women carrying pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants to conceive disease-free offspring with a genetic connection. In comparison to electrofusion, HVJ-E-induced fusion has been identified as the most promising approach for clinical translation of MRTs due to its absence of electrical interference. However, despite confirmation of the absence of RNA activity in HVJ-E, a reduction in blastocyst quality has been observed in various MRTs studies utilizing the HVJ-E-induced fusion scheme. Recent investigations have revealed a dose-dependent elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in various cancer cells incubated with HVJ-E. However, the impact of HVJ-E as a sole determinant on embryonic development in MRTs remains unverified. This investigation establishes that the augmented concentration of HVJ-E utilized in the conventional HVJ-E fusion protocol is an autonomous variable that influences embryonic development in MRTs. This effect may be attributed to amplified DNA damage resulting from heightened levels of ROS in reconstructed embryos. To mitigate the presence of HVJ-E in reconstructed zygotes while maintaining optimal fusion efficiency in MRTs, a novel HVJ-E-induced fusion approach was devised, namely, press-assisted fusion. This technique offers potential advantages in reducing detrimental factors that impede embryo development in MRTs.
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The risk of developing cervical squamous lesions in women with multiple high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections is uncertain. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the type-specific attribution and phylogenetic effects of single and multiple hrHPV subtypes in cervical squamous lesions. All cases with cervical histopathologic diagnosis and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping results in the 6 months preceding biopsy from October 2018 to December 2022 were studied and analyzed. Over the study period, 70,361 cases with histopathologic follow-up and prior HPV genotyping were identified. The hrHPV-positive rate was 55.6% (39,104/70,361), including single hrHPV detected in 27,182 (38.6%), 2 types of hrHPV detected in 8158 (11.6%), and 3 types of hrHPV detected in 2486 (3.5%). Among 16,457 cases with a histologically diagnosed squamous lesion (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1: 11411; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3: 4192; squamous cell carcinoma: 854 cases), the prevalence of single hrHPV infection increased, but the rate of multiple concomitant hrHPV infections showed negative association as the degree of squamous lesions increased. Among women with a single HPV16 infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and squamous cell carcinoma (CIN2+) diagnostic rate was 30.6%, and it increased to 47.6% when coinfected with HPV33 (P < .001) but significantly decreased when coinfected with all other hrHPV types (P < .05). By comparing CIN2+ diagnostic rates in 40 most common 2 types of hrHPV infections with related single hrHPV infection, CIN2+ rates were decreased in 12 combinations (30.0%), equivalent in 26 combinations (65.0%), and increased in 2 combinations (5.0%). The cases with 3 types of HPV infections reduced the risk for CIN2+ compared with related single HPV infections. HPV16+52+53, HPV16+52+68, HPV16+52+51, HPV16+39+52, and HPV16+58+53 significantly decreased the risk of CIN2+ compared with HPV16 single infection (P < .05). This study demonstrates that multiple hrHPV infections are not associated with cumulatively higher risk for CIN2+ development, suggesting that oncogenic progression of multiple hrHPV-associated cervical squamous lesions is neither synergistic nor a cumulative effect at the phylogenetic level, possibly a way of competitive interference.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Displasia del Cuello del Útero , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Femenino , Humanos , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Filogenia , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , GenotipoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Kiwifruit soft rot is mainly caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, representing a considerable threat to kiwifruit industry. This investigation assessed the inhibitory consequences and mechanisms of honokiol against B. dothidea, evaluating the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanism. RESULTS: A strain of B.dothidea (XFCT-2) was isolated from infected soft rot kiwifruit. The findings indicate that honokiol hindered the mycelial growth, conidial germination, and pathogenicity of B. dothidea in a dose-dependent manner, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ultrastructural examinations showed that honokiol impaired the integrity of B. dothidea, leading to an elevation in cell membrane permeability, engendering a multitude of intracellular substance extravasations and hampering energy metabolism. Transcriptome analysis exhibited that honokiol-regulated genes were related to membrane lipid biosynthesis, comprising ACC1, FAS2, Arp2, gk, Cesle, and Etnk1. These findings indicate that honokiol impedes B. dothidea by obstructing lipid biosynthesis within the cell membrane and compromising its integrity, halting the growth of the mycelia, which could potentially cause cellular demise. CONCLUSION: This investigation illustrates how honokiol functions as an eco-friendly approach to prevent the occurrence of soft rot in kiwifruits. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Actinidia , Compuestos Alílicos , Ascomicetos , Compuestos de Bifenilo , Fenoles , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Lípidos de la Membrana/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Sepsis-associated lung injury often coexists with intestinal dysfunction. Butyrate, an essential gut microbiota metabolite, participates in gut-lung crosstalk and has immunoregulatory effects. This study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of sodium butyrate (NaB) on lung injury. Sepsis-associated lung injury was established in mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mice in treatment groups received NaB gavage after surgery. The survival rate, the oxygenation index and the lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio were calculated respectively. Pulmonary and intestinal histologic changes were observed. The total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured, and inflammatory factors in serum and BALF were examined. Diamine oxidase (DAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D) levels in serum and amphiregulin in lung tissue were assessed. Intercellular junction protein expression in the lung and intestinal tissues were examined. Changes in immune cells were analyzed. NaB treatment improved the survival rate, the oxygenation index and the histologic changes. NaB decreased the W/D ratio, total protein concentration, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as SP-D, DAO and LPS, while increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and amphiregulin. The intercellular junction protein expression were improved by NaB. Furthermore, the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio and the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were increased by NaB. Our data suggested that NaB gavage effectively improved the survival rate and mitigated lung injury in CLP mice. The possible mechanism was that NaB augmented CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and enhanced the barrier function of the gut and the lung.