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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is highly heterogeneous and aggressive, but therapies based on single-targeted nanoparticles frequently address these tumors as a single illness. To achieve more efficient drug transport, it is crucial to develop nanodrug-carrying systems that simultaneously target two or more cancer biomarkers. In addition, combining chemotherapy with near-infrared (NIR) light-mediated thermotherapy allows the thermal ablation of local malignancies via photothermal therapy (PTT), and triggers drug release to improve chemosensitivity. Thus, a novel dual-targeted nano-loading system, DOX@GO-HA-HN-1 (GHHD), was created for synergistic chemotherapy and PTT by the co-modification of carboxylated graphene oxide (GO) with hyaluronic acid (HA) and HN-1 peptide and loading with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). Targeted delivery using GHHD was shown to be superior to single-targeted nanoparticle delivery. NIR radiation will encourage the absorption of GHHD by tumor cells and cause the site-specific release of DOX in conjunction with the acidic microenvironment of the tumor. In addition, chemo-photothermal combination therapy for cancer treatment was realized by causing cell apoptosis under the irradiation of 808-nm laser. In summary, the application of GHHD to chemotherapy combined with photothermal therapy for OSCC is shown to have important potential as a means of combatting the low accumulation of single chemotherapeutic agents in tumors and drug resistance generated by single therapeutic means, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Doxorrubicina , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Grafito , Rayos Infrarrojos , Neoplasias de la Boca , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/química , Humanos , Neoplasias de la Boca/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/terapia , Grafito/química , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/química , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Terapia Fototérmica , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Ácido Hialurónico/química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Tamaño de la Partícula , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Introduction: Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise widely adopted in Chinese communities and colleges. However, the mindful essence of TCC is rarely emphasized during popularization. This makes it difficult for beginners to benefit from it. The present study aimed to examine the effects of a Mindfulness-enhanced Tai Chi Chuan (MTCC) intervention, which enhances mindfulness components embedded within TCC, on mental and physical health among beginners. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 119 healthy college students new to Tai Chi Chuan training. Participants were assigned to either the MTCC group or the TCC group. Both interventions consisted of 10 weekly 90-min training sessions, with the MTCC group emphasizing and enhancing mindfulness components. Outcome measures included mindfulness, depression, anxiety, stress, and physical fitness, assessed at baseline and post-intervention. Results: The results showed that the MTCC group had significantly greater improvements than the TCC group in mindfulness, anxiety, stress, and health-and skill-related physical fitness. There were no significant differences between the two groups in depression. Conclusion: The findings suggest that compared to TCC, MTCC can effectively promote individuals' physical fitness and provide additional benefits to mental well-being. MTCC can be recommended as an accessible and beneficial intervention for beginners to improve mental health and strengthen their bodies. Clinical review registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2200058175.
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Characterizing the dynamic mechanical properties of spinal cord tissue is deemed important for developing a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spinal cord injury. However, complex viscoelastic properties are vastly underexplored due to the spinal cord shows heterogeneous properties. To investigate regional differences in the biomechanical properties of spinal cord, we provide a mechanical characterization method (i.e., dynamic mechanical analysis) that facilitates robust measurement of spinal cord ex vivo, at small deformations, in the dynamic regimes. Load-unload cycles were applied to the tissue surface at sinusoidal frequencies of 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 Hz ex vivo within 2 h post mortem. We report the main response features (e.g., nonlinearities, rate dependencies, hysteresis and conditioning) of spinal cord tissue dependent on anatomical origin, and quantify the viscoelastic properties through the measurement of peak force, moduli, and hysteresis and energy loss. For all three anatomical areas (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord tissues), the compound, storage, and loss moduli responded similarly to increasing strain rates. Notably, the complex modulus values of ex vivo spinal cord tissue rose nonlinearly with rising test frequency. Additionally, at every strain rate, it was shown that the tissue in the thoracic spinal cord was significantly more rigid than the tissue in the cervical or lumbar spinal cord, with compound modulus values roughly 1.5-times that of the lumbar region. At strain rates between 0.05 and 0.50 Hz, tan δ values for thoracic (that is, 0.26, 0.25, 0.06, respectively) and lumbar (that is, 0.27, 0.25, 0.07, respectively) spinal cord regions were similar, respectively, which were higher than cervical (that is, 0.21, 0.21, 0.04, respectively) region. The conditioning effects tend to be greater at relative higher deformation rates. Interestingly, no marked difference of conditioning ratios is observed among all three anatomical regions, regardless of loading rate. These findings lay a foundation for further comparison between healthy and diseased spinal cord to the future development of spinal cord scaffold and helps to advance our knowledge of neuroscience.
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Pseudoaneurysms are not uncommon in the clinic, but they have rarely been reported as a result of distal radial artery puncture. This case report is about an elderly woman who developed a pseudoaneurysm at the distal radial artery puncture site after coronary angiography via the distal radial artery. After timely treatment and long-term follow-up, the patient's hand wound gradually healed.
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Tin-lead mixed perovskite solar cells (TLMPSCs), with the advantage of approaching the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit for photovoltaic applications, have been rapidly developed and achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.7%. Although the low toxicity of TLMPSCs is conducive to sustainable development, the oxidation of Sn2+ could destroy the perovskite structure easily. Thus, most researchers are devoted to improving the photoelectric performance and stability through additive engineering, interface engineering, device structure optimization, solvent engineering, etc. However, TLMPs with different A-sites and X-sites in the ABX3 model and an optimal ratio of Sn : Pb still need to be investigated; this is the basis of mechanistic analysis. In this paper, we introduce TLMPSCs with different A-sites, X-sites, and Sn-Pb ratios. The mechanism and properties of the cations are analyzed based on the performance of TLMPSCs. Finally, a series of prospects for optimizing ABX3 are put forward, with the hope of attracting the attention and interest of researchers.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major anthropogenic contributor to climate change due to the substantial quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted by landfills and incineration. Circular waste management has shown promise in reducing GHG emissions; however, it is still in its early stages and requires further optimization. In this study, support vector machine models were developed to determine the compositional dynamics of MSW, which were then integrated to examine the interactions among composition, disposal routes, and GHG emissions. The results from analyzing large-scale transitions from traditional to circular waste management practices showed that GHG mitigation potential will be significantly enhanced as the coverage of circular waste management increases from 35% in 2025 to 100% in 2035 in China. However, these reductions will eventually decrease as waste quantities decline in response to population shrinkage. The results reveal both the GHG mitigation potential and limitations of the circular waste management mode, assisting policymakers and researchers in maximizing its mitigation potential.
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BACKGROUND: The increased trends in psychological distress and mental illness have been of great significance in public health concerns. The study aimed to investigate the proportion and correlates of meeting 24-h movement guidelines (including moderate to vigorous physical activity, screen time and sleep duration) and the associations between 24-h movement guidelines met and mental well-being and psychological distress in a large sample of Chinese students. METHODS: All participants received a physical examination and filled out questionnaires in this study. Chi-square tests were used to analyse the proportion of reaching 24-h guidelines by gender and logistic regression was used to analyse correlates of meeting 24-h guidelines. Two binary logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between meeting 24-h guidelines and mental well-being and psychological distress. The back-propagation artificial neural network was used to describe the importance of the independent variables. RESULTS: The findings revealed a generally low rate of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines, particularly concerning moderate to vigorous physical activity (16.5%). Meeting all three guidelines was related to better mental health in both boys and girls. Particularly, meeting screen time guideline and meeting sleep duration guideline appeared to be more important on mental outcomes, compared to meeting moderate to vigorous physical activity guideline. Compared with boys, girls were more susceptible to the influences of 24-h movement guidelines on mental health. CONCLUSIONS: Meeting all three components of the 24-h movement guidelines was associated with the most favourable mental health outcomes for both boys and girls. Thus, maintaining a daily balance of sufficient physical activity, limited screen time, and adequate sleep is crucial for enhancing the mental health status of students.
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Ejercicio Físico , Salud Mental , Tiempo de Pantalla , Estudiantes , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , China , Estudiantes/psicología , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Adolescente , Distrés Psicológico , Sueño , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Niño , Factores Sexuales , Estrés Psicológico , Guías como Asunto , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Cryptorchidism, commonly known as undescended testis, affects 1%-9% of male newborns, posing infertility and testis tumor risks. Despite its prevalence, the detailed pathophysiology underlying male infertility within cryptorchidism remains unclear. Here, we profile and analyze 46,644 single-cell transcriptomes from individual testicular cells obtained from adult males diagnosed with cryptorchidism and healthy controls. Spermatogenesis compromise in cryptorchidism links primarily to spermatogonium self-renewal and differentiation dysfunctions. We illuminate the involvement of testicular somatic cells, including immune cells, thereby unveiling the activation and degranulation of mast cells in cryptorchidism. Mast cells are identified as contributors to interstitial fibrosis via transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) and cathepsin G secretion. Furthermore, significantly increased levels of secretory proteins indicate mast cell activation and testicular fibrosis in the seminal plasma of individuals with cryptorchidism compared to controls. These insights serve as valuable translational references, enriching our comprehension of testicular pathogenesis and informing more precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies for cryptorchidism.
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Criptorquidismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Espermatogénesis , Transcriptoma , Criptorquidismo/genética , Criptorquidismo/patología , Criptorquidismo/metabolismo , Masculino , Humanos , Análisis de la Célula Individual/métodos , Espermatogénesis/genética , Transcriptoma/genética , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Mastocitos/patología , Adulto , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Infertilidad Masculina/genética , Infertilidad Masculina/patología , Fibrosis , Espermatogonias/metabolismo , Espermatogonias/patologíaRESUMEN
Purpose: To develop a combined diagnostic model integrating the subclassification of the 2022 version of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) with carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and to validate whether the combined model can offer superior diagnostic efficacy than O-RADS alone in assessing adnexal malignancy risk. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 593 patients with adnexal masses (AMs), and the pathological and clinical data were included. According to the large differences in malignancy risk indices for different image features in O-RADS category 4, the lesions were categorized into groups A and B. A new diagnostic criterion was developed. Lesions identified as category 1, 2, 3, or 4A with a CA125 level below 35 U/ml were classified as benign. Lesions identified as category 4A with a CA125 level more than or equal to 35 U/ml and lesions with a category of 4B and 5 were classified as malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) of O-RADS (v2022), CA125, and the combined model in the diagnosis of AMs were calculated and compared. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy, and AUCs of the combined model were 92.4%, 96.5%, 80.2%, 98.8%, 94.1%, and 0.945, respectively. The specificity, PPV, accuracy, and AUC of the combined model were significantly higher than those of O-RADS alone (all P < 0.01). In addition, both models had acceptable sensitivity and NPV, but there were no significant differences among them (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The combined model integrating O-RADS subclassification with CA125 could improve the specificity and PPV in diagnosing malignant AMs. It could be a valuable tool in the clinical application of risk stratification of AMs.
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An understanding of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) biodistribution profiles is an important element of a preclinical development program. Here, we have developed a radiolabeling strategy utilizing the co-delivery of 125I (non-residualizing) and 111In (residualizing) radionuclide-conjugated AAVs to provide a detailed distribution quantification at tissue level delineating between the cellular internalized AAV (degraded, 111In-125I) and AAV remaining in the extracellular matrix (intact, 125I). This labeling method has been successfully applied to AAV9 and AAV-PHP.eB as tool molecules without altering the physical properties and biological activities of the AAVs. Upon labeling with either of the radioactive probes, these molecules were systemically injected into C57BL/6 mice. The biodistribution results indicate that AAVs, with a fast distribution profile, were mainly located in the extracellular matrix of highly perfused organs such as liver and spleen at early time points, leading to a difference between capsid quantification and vector genome quantification. The results suggest that the 125I-AAV/111In-AAV co-delivery approach offers a robust and efficient analytical strategy to investigate the detailed tissue distribution of AAV vectors, including both vector genome and protein capsids. This novel method has the potential to be applied to capsid optimization, selection, and lead candidate development.
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Background: Medical security work for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympics faced enormous challenges under COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the mental status of those medical team members to provide a reference for scientifically implementing medical security services for large-scale events. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Psychological Questionnaire for Emergent Events of Public Health (PQEEPH) were administered to 145 members of the medical team. A generalized mixed linear model was used to analyze the impact of work duration, position, on/off rotation, and gender on psychological status. Results: Work duration significantly impacted depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and all dimensions of PQEEPH. Women scored higher than men in the PQEEPH dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, fear, and total score. Working status affected the dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, and total score. Deterioration in emotional state became apparent in the fourth week and recovered 1 week after the task concluded, while self-efficacy decreased from beginning to end. Conclusion: All the medical team members experienced emotional deterioration and decreased self-efficacy in medical security tasks. To maintain a medical team's psychological wellbeing during large-scale activities, rotation times should be set reasonably, and adequate mental health services should be provided.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto , Autoeficacia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , SARS-CoV-2 , China , Salud Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Deportes/psicología , Personal de Salud/psicología , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the risk of suicidal tendencies among the public. However, there is limited research reporting on the changing trends in suicidal ideation after 2020 in the context of the long-term normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control measures in China. METHODS: The self-administered online questionnaire was adopted to collect 12-month suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, stress, and some demographic information from university students by convenient cluster sampling in Shandong, Shaanxi, and Jilin Provinces, China. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between different factors and suicidal ideation. RESULTS: The prevalence of 12-month suicidal ideation from 2021 to 2023 among university students was 3.89 %, 5.81 %, and 4.33 %, respectively, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The trends presented a similar tendency in the subgroups according to gender, majors, and grades, except among urban freshman-year students. The associated factors of suicidal ideation were different among university students in different surveys. However, female gender, poor mental health, and depressive symptoms were linked to a higher risk of suicidal ideation. LIMITATIONS: More representative large-scale longitudinal studies should be used to monitor the suicidal behavior of university students. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of 12-month suicidal ideation among Chinese university students exhibited a pattern of initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease from 2021 to 2023. Despite the complete lifting of COVID-19 prevention and control measures in China, the prolonged three-year epidemic may have enduring adverse effects on university students, underscoring the ongoing importance of providing continuous mental health services to this population.
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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in various biological processes in plants. However, the functional mechanism of lncRNAs in fruit ripening, particularly the transition from unripe to ripe stages, remains elusive. One such lncRNA1840, reported by our group, was found to have important role in tomato fruit ripening. In the present study, we gain insight into its functional role in fruit ripening. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated lncRNA1840 mutants caused the delayed tomato fruit ripening. Notably, loss function of lncRNA1840 did not directly impact ethylene signaling but rather delay ethylene synthesis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differences in the expression of ripening related genes in lncRNA1840 mutants, suggesting that it is involved in gene regulation of fruit ripening. We used Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)-Seq to identify lncRNA1840 binding sites on chromatin. ChIRP-seq suggested that lncRNA1840 had occupancy on 40 genes, but none of them is differentially expressed genes in transcriptomic analysis, which indicated lncRNA1840 might indirectly modulate the gene expression. ChIRP-mass spectrometry analysis identified potential protein interactors of lncRNA1840, Pre-mRNA processing splicing factor 8, highlighting its involvement in post-transcriptional regulatory pathways. In summary, lncRNA1840 is key player in tomato plant growth and fruit ripening, with multifaceted roles in gene expression and regulatory networks.
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Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), has been recognized for its adverse effects on multiple organs beyond the lungs. Among these, the bone began to garner significant attention. This review covers epidemiological, animal and cell studies on PM2.5 exposure and bone health as well as studies on PM2.5-induced diseases with skeletal complications. Emerging evidence from epidemiological studies indicates a positive association between PM2.5 exposure and the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures, along with a negative association with bone mineral density. Experimental studies have demonstrated that PM2.5 can disrupt the metabolic balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts through inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption, thereby triggering bone loss and osteoporosis. Additionally, this review proposes a secondary mechanism by which PM2.5 may impair bone homeostasis via pathological alterations in other organs, offering new perspectives on the complex interactions between environmental pollutants and bone health. In conclusion, this contemporary review underscores the often-overlooked risk factors of PM2.5 in terms of its adverse effects on bone and elucidates the mechanisms of both primary and secondary toxicity. Further attention should be given to exploring the molecular mechanisms of PM2.5-induced bone impairment and developing effective intervention strategies. With global climate change, increasing ozone pollution, emerging pollutants, and multifactorial exposure to environmental factors, these issues are likely to become of greater concern in the near future.
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Zealexin A1 is a nonvolatile sesquiterpene phytoalexin, which not only exhibits extensive antifungal and insecticidal activities but also has the ability to enhance the drought resistance of plants, and thus has potential applications in agricultural and food fields. In this study, the biosynthetic pathway of zealexin A1 was constructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the first time, and the highest production of zealexin A1 reported to date was achieved. First, through screening of sesquiterpene synthases from various plants, BdMAS11 had a stronger (S)-ß-macrocarpene synthesis ability was obtained, and the heterologous synthesis of zealexin A1 was achieved by coexpressing BdMAS11 with cytochrome P450 oxygenase ZmCYP71Z18. Subsequently, after the site-directed mutagenesis of BdMAS11, fusion expression of farnesyl diphosphate synthase ERG20 and BdMAS11, and tailored truncation of BdMAS11 and ZmCYP71Z18, the strain coexpressing the manipulated BdMAS11 and original ZmCYP71Z18 produced 119.31 mg/L of zealexin A1 in shake-flask fermentation. Finally, the production of zealexin A1 reached 1.17 g/L through fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor, which was 261.7-fold that of the original strain. This study lays the foundation for the industrial production of zealexin A1 and other terpenoids.
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Ingeniería Metabólica , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Sesquiterpenos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Fermentación , Vías Biosintéticas , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , FitoalexinasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The current study delineated a clinical and theoretical framework that clinicians and researchers can use to guide the assessment of bilingual aphasia at morphosyntactic, lexical-semantic, and phonological levels of language processing. METHOD: This tutorial outlines cross-linguistic and multicultural considerations that should be addressed in evaluating bilingual adults with aphasia (BWAs). RESULTS: At the morphosyntactic level, we presented three features that should be taken into account when evaluating linguistic symptoms in languages considering whether they are typologically similar or dissimilar: word order, pro(noun)-drop, and morphological inflections of verbs. We suggest that clinicians need to conduct additional error analyses that reflect typological differences in syntactic templates, argument-deletion phenomena, and morphological inflections to better understand linguistic characteristics of impairments arising from the interactions of the two languages that may differ in many ways. At the lexical-semantic level, we addressed three cross-linguistic features that may impact naming performance in BWAs: cognates, lexical frequency, and semantic typicality. The presence of cognates between the two languages can lead to differential interpretations of naming performance. In addition, the same lexical items may exhibit varying lexical frequency and typicality across languages due to cultural and linguistic differences. We suggest that clinicians should thoroughly prepare the testing items considering the linguistic distance. Finally, we emphasized differences in segmental and suprasegmental features of phonology that could contribute to cross-linguistic phenomena during assessment of two or more languages. CONCLUSIONS: This cross-linguistic assessment framework contributes to a better understanding of linguistic impairments and communication difficulties experienced by BWAs. This framework can be utilized in current clinical practice to facilitate culturally and linguistically appropriate assessment and treatment approaches for BWAs.
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This study aims to illustrate epidemiology of comorbid CVD in the real-world clinical setting of patients with psoriasis in China. We used data of adult patients with psoriasis who were registered in the register of China National Clinical Center for Skin and Immune Diseases between August 2020 and September 2021. Psoriasis was clinically diagnosed following the national guidelines. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the factors associated with comorbid CVD in patients with psoriasis. Of the 11,560 psoriasis patients (age ≥ 18 years, mean age 41.87 years, 64.88% males), 236 were ascertained with CVD, with the overall prevalence being 2.62%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of CVD in psoriasis patients was 2.27 (2.03-2.54) for older age (per 10-year increment), 0.65 (0.48-0.90) for female, 2.07 (1.39-3.06) for obesity (BMI ≥ 28 vs. < 24 kg/m2), 2.55 (1.85-2.52) for smoking, 7.63 (5.86-9.94) for hypertension, 4.27 (3.76-4.85) for diabetes, 1.14 (1.00-1.30) for having a history of drug allergy, 2.27 (1.61-3.20) for having family history of psoriasis, and 1.76 (1.16-2.67) for severe disease (severe vs. mild) with a dose-response relationship (Ptrend < 0.001). In patients with psoriasis, comorbid CVD was associated with smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, history of drug allergy, family history of psoriasis, and the psoriasis severity.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Comorbilidad , Psoriasis , Sistema de Registros , Humanos , Psoriasis/epidemiología , Psoriasis/complicaciones , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , China/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Adolescente , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/complicacionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Liver cancer represents a most common and fatal cancer worldwide. Xianglian Pill (XLP) is an herbal formula holding great promise in clearing heat for treating diseases in an integrative and holistic way. However, due to the complex constituents and multiple targets, the exact molecular mechanisms of action of XLP are still unclear. PURPOSE: This study is focused on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer. The aim of this study is to develop a fast and efficient model to investigate the anti-HCC effects of XLP, and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HepG2, Hep3B, Mahlavu, HuH-7, or Li-7 cells were employed in the studies. The ingredients were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RNA sequencing combined with network pharmacology was used to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of XLP in HCC via in silico and in vitro studies. An approach was constructed to improve the accuracy of prediction in network pharmacology by combining big data and omics. RESULTS: First, we identified 13 potential ingredients in the serum of XLP-administered rats using LC-MS. Then the network pharmacology was performed to predict that XLP demonstrates anti-HCC effects via targeting 94 genes involving in 13 components. Modifying the database thresholds might impact the accuracy of network pharmacology analysis based on RNA sequencing data. For instance, when the matching rate peak is 0.43, the correctness rate peak is 0.85. Moreover, 9 components of XLP and 6 relevant genes have been verified with CCK-8 and RT-qPCR assay, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on the crossing studies of RNA sequencing and network pharmacology, XLP was found to improve HCC through multiple targets and pathways. Additionally, the study provides a way to optimize network pharmacology analysis in herbal medicine research.