RESUMEN
Trata-se de um estudo brasileiro, transversal, mediado pela Internet com o objetivo de descrever como diferenças temperamentais associam-se ao uso de oito práticas de medicina alternativa e complementar (MAC): ioga, meditação, reiki, acupuntura, massagem, tai chi chuan, homeopatia e floral. A amostra foi composta por 22.415 indivíduos, sendo 69,5% mulheres, com idade média de 28,8 anos (DP = 9,1). As práticas mais utilizadas foram massagem e ioga e as variáveis sexo, idade, renda e diagnóstico psicopatológico ao longo da vida associaram-se a todas as práticas, exceto com tai chi chuan. Análise inferencial se baseou em modelo de regressão logística e os resultados foram calculados com base na razão de chances com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Observou-se que manifestações adaptativas de traços e de tipos psicológicos, associaram-se a maiores chances de praticar MAC. Resultados sugerem que perfis com maior regulação emocional tendem a utilizar mais frequentemente MAC e, possivelmente, obter benefícios. (AU)
The present study is a cross-sectional web-based survey conducted in Brazil aiming to describe how individual differences in temperament traits and types could predict the use of the following eight categories of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): yoga, meditation, reiki, acupuncture, massage, tai chi chuan, homeopathy, and flower remedies. The sample consisted of 22,415 individuals, 69.5% of whom were women, with a mean age of 28.8 years (SD= 9.1). The most commonly used practices were massage and yoga and the variables sex, age, income, and psychopathological diagnosis throughout life were associated with all practices, except tai chi chuan. The inferential analysis relied on logistic regressions and results were calculated based on the odd ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Adaptive manifestations of psychological traits and types were associated with greater use of complementary and alternative medicine practices. Results suggested that profiles with greater emotional regulation tend to use CAM more frequently and possibly obtain benefits. (AU)
Se trata de un estudio brasileño, transversal, mediado por Internet, con el objetivo de describir cómo las diferencias temperamentales se asocian con el uso de ocho prácticas de medicina alternativa y complementaria (MAC): yoga, meditación, reiki, acupuntura, masaje, tai chi chuan, homeopatía y floral. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 22.415 individuos, de los cuales 69,5 % eran mujeres, con una edad media de 28,8 años (DS= 9,1). Las prácticas más utilizadas fueron el masaje y el yoga, y las variables sexo, edad, renta y diagnóstico psicopatológico a lo largo de la vida se asociaron a todas las prácticas, excepto al tai chi chuan. El análisis inferencial se basó en un modelo de regresión logística y los resultados se calcularon con base en la odds ratio con un intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Se observó que las manifestaciones adaptativas de rasgos y tipos psicológicos se asociaron con mayores posibilidades de practicar MAC. Los resultados sugieren que los perfiles con mayor regulación emocional tienden a usar MAC con mayor frecuencia y, posiblemente, obtienen beneficios. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Temperamento , Terapias Complementarias/psicología , Individualidad , Adaptación Psicológica , Modelos Logísticos , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Distribución por Edad y Sexo , Regulación Emocional , Factores SociodemográficosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allopurinol is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase used in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Because it is well known that purines exert multiple affects on pain transmission, we hypothesized that the inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol could be a valid strategy to treat pain in humans. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of oral allopurinol versus placebo as an adjuvant therapy in patients displaying fibromyalgia. METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study included 60 women with the diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either oral allopurinol 300 mg (n = 31) or placebo (n = 29) twice daily during 30 days. The patients were submitted to evaluation for pain sensitivity, anxiety, depression, and functional status before treatment, and 15 and 30 days thereafter. RESULTS: Oral administration of allopurinol 300 mg twice daily was ineffective in improving pain scores measured by several tools up to 30 days of treatment (P > 0.05). Additionally, no significant effects of allopurinol over anxiety, depressive symptoms, and functional status of fibromyalgia patients were observed in the present study. CONCLUSIONS: Although previous findings indicated that allopurinol could present intrinsic analgesic effects in both animals and humans, this study showed no benefit of the use of oral allopurinol as an adjuvant strategy during 30 days in women displaying fibromyalgia. However, considering previous promising results, new prospective studies are still valid to further investigate allopurinol and more selective purine derivatives in the management of pain syndromes.
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Alopurinol , Fibromialgia , Alopurinol/uso terapéutico , Animales , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Fibromialgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Supresores de la Gota/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ácido Úrico/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Allopurinol is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase used primarily in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic efficacy of preanesthetic allopurinol versus placebo on postoperative pain and anxiety in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: This is a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. We investigated 54 patients scheduled to undergo elective abdominal hysterectomy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either oral allopurinol 300 mg (n = 27) or placebo (n = 27) the night before and 1 h before surgery. Patients were submitted to evaluation of pain and anxiety before the treatment, for 24 h postoperatively, 30 and 90 days after surgery. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected at the time of the spinal anesthesia to perform the measurement of the central levels of purines. RESULTS: Preoperative administration of allopurinol was effective in reducing postoperative pain 2 h after surgery. Allopurinol caused a reduction of approximately 40% in pain scores measured by the visual analogue pain scale after surgery (p < 0.05). No differences were found between groups in anxiety scores after surgery. There was a significant change in the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of xanthine and uric acid before surgery (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed a short-term benefit of the use of allopurinol as a preanesthetic medication since it was related to a reduction on pain scores 2 h after surgery. The purinergic system is a potential target for new analgesic drugs. New studies investigating more selective purine derivatives in the management of pain should be performed. TRIAL NUMBER REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials-ReBEC #RBR-9pw58p.
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Alopurinol , Dolor Postoperatorio , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Histerectomía/efectos adversos , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Estudios Prospectivos , Xantina OxidasaRESUMEN
A role for microglia in neuropsychiatric diseases, including major depressive disorder (MDD), has been postulated. Regulation of microglial phenotype by immune receptors has become a central topic in many neurological conditions. We explored preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of the CD300f immune receptor in the fine regulation of microglial phenotype and its contribution to MDD. We found that a prevalent nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (C/T, rs2034310) of the human CD300f receptor cytoplasmic tail inhibits the protein kinase C phosphorylation of a threonine and is associated with protection against MDD, mainly in women. Interestingly, CD300f-/- mice displayed several characteristic MDD traits such as augmented microglial numbers, increased interleukin 6 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist messenger RNA, alterations in synaptic strength, and noradrenaline-dependent and persistent depressive-like and anhedonic behaviors in females. This behavioral phenotype could be potentiated inducing the lipopolysaccharide depression model. RNA sequencing and biochemical studies revealed an association with impaired microglial metabolic fitness. In conclusion, we report a clear association that links the function of the CD300f immune receptor with MDD in humans, depressive-like and anhedonic behaviors in female mice, and altered microglial metabolic reprogramming.
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Anhedonia , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/patología , Inflamación/etiología , Microglía/patología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Receptores Inmunológicos/genética , Receptores Inmunológicos/fisiología , Animales , Conducta Animal , Estudios de Cohortes , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/genética , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/metabolismo , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/psicología , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inflamación/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Microglía/metabolismo , SinapsisRESUMEN
Abstract Background The Emotional and Affective Composite Temperament (AFECT) model describes originally six traits of volition, anger, inhibition (fear and caution subordinate factors), control, sensitivity, and coping. However, fear and caution have shown opposite relatioships with criteria-variables, indicating factor independence. Objective The current investigation aimed to advance in the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the emotional trait section of the Emotional and Affective Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS) by examining the suitability of a 7-factor structure and the reliability of each scale using data from a population-based sample. Methods AFECTS was administered via face-to-face assessments in a single-session, population-based cross-sectional survey. Samples was composed of teenagers and adults (14 to 35 years). The latent structure and reliability were analyzed via structural equation modeling: confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the a priori correlated 7-factor model (with fear and caution designed as single-factors) and trait-scores reliability was assessed by the estimation of information curves. Results Findings attested the suitability of the 7-factor model presumed to underline the item set of the traits section of AFECTS and information curve interpretation showed adequate levels of reliability for all trait-scores. Discussion The 7-factor model showed robust indicators of construct validity for the AFECTS.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Psicometría/métodos , Temperamento , Emociones , Modelos Psicológicos , Volición , Adaptación Psicológica , Estudios Transversales , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Afecto , Principio de la Precaución , Control de la Conducta , Empatía , Miedo/psicología , IraRESUMEN
Objective: The current study aimed to examine the latent structure of a web-based, Brazilian Portuguese version of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF). Method: The sample consisted of 15,557 adult participants - 4,702 men and 10,855 women - with age ranging from 18 to 60 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the a priori conceptual 15-factor model presumed to underlie the YSQ-SF item set. Results: Most items displayed high levels of reliability (factor loadings greater than 0.7) and low liability to random measurement error (residual variances below 0.02), indicating that the a priori YSQ-SF factor structure is adequate. Discussion: These findings offer empirical evidence supporting YSQ-SF construct validity and, consequently, its application in adults.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Trastornos de Adaptación/psicología , Autoinforme/normas , Psicometría , Brasil , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Eating-compensatory behaviors are associated with biological and psychological complications, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Different elements may contribute to the development of eating-compensatory behaviors, such as genetic, physiological, environmental, and temperamental factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between affective temperaments and eating-compensatory behaviors. A sample of 27,501 volunteers, between 18 and 55 years old, mean age 28.9 ± 8.7 years (69.6% women), were assessed by the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP). The results showed that eating-compensatory behaviors were associated with distinctive affective temperaments. Cyclothymic types were more associated with eating-compensatory behaviors. The avoidant and irritable types presented lower percentages of eating-compensatory behaviors in women and men, respectively. In conclusion, this study highlighted that participants who adopted frequent eating-compensatory behaviors are more likely to have dysfunctional affective traits. Consequently, the affective temperaments should be considered as a strategy to build capacity for prevention, treatment, and care of eating-compensatory behaviors.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess if cytokines levels (IL-6 and IL-10) are related to major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), in a population-based study. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study population-based, involving 1037 people aged 18-35. MDD, BD, anxiety and suicide risk were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Serum IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA using a commercial kit. RESULTS: The total sample comprised 1034 young adults, being 14.4% with MDD and 13.7% with BD. MDD and BD groups showed significantly higher serum IL-6 levels (pâ¯≤â¯0.001) and IL-10 levels (pâ¯≤â¯0.001) when compared to healthy control group. No correlation was found between serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels in health control group (pâ¯=â¯0.830; râ¯=â¯-0.008), non-suicide risk (pâ¯=â¯0.337; râ¯=â¯0.032) and non-anxiety disorder (pâ¯=â¯0.375; râ¯=â¯0.031). Covariance analysis showed that mood disorders alone, increase both interleukin levels (IL-6, pâ¯=â¯0.019; and IL-10, pâ¯=â¯0.026), whilst the interaction of mood disorders and suicide risk or anxiety disorders did not. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that inflammatory dysregulation may be involved in the physiopathology of mood disorders and serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels are putative biomarkers for these disorders.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/sangre , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/sangre , Interleucina-10/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Trastornos del Humor/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to examine the latent structure of a web-based, Brazilian Portuguese version of the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF). METHOD: The sample consisted of 15,557 adult participants - 4,702 men and 10,855 women - with age ranging from 18 to 60 years. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the a priori conceptual 15-factor model presumed to underlie the YSQ-SF item set. RESULTS: Most items displayed high levels of reliability (factor loadings greater than 0.7) and low liability to random measurement error (residual variances below 0.02), indicating that the a priori YSQ-SF factor structure is adequate. DISCUSSION: These findings offer empirical evidence supporting YSQ-SF construct validity and, consequently, its application in adults.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Trastornos de Adaptación/psicología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Autoinforme/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Temperament is still regarded as a stable part of personality, an "endophenotype" developed early in life. However, how frequently temperament traits can change throughout life is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate affective temperament changes from late childhood to adolescence and from late adolescence to adulthood. METHODS: We used data from a cross-sectional web-based survey collected from the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology. We used the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale questionnaire to assess temperament at time of participation, and at age of 10-12 and 18 years, retrospectively, dividing affective temperaments into four major groups: internalized, externalized, stable and unstable. The final sample consisted of 36,255 participants from 24 to 40 years of age (71.9% women). RESULTS: Most of the sample (66.2%) changed to a different affective temperament group at adulthood. We found a significant decrease in internalized temperaments from 10-12 to 18 years of age (34.5% to 25.0% in women and 31.8% to 26.7% in men), parallel with an increase of externalized temperaments (14.1% to 20.3% in women and 17.3% to 19.6% in men). From 18 years of age to adult life, stable temperaments decreased slightly in frequency (37.9% to 32.5% in women and 38.6% to 36.8% in men), while unstable types increased (16.9% to 24.0% in women and 15.3% to 18.4% in men). LIMITATIONS: The retrospective design and self-reported evaluation may bias self-perception. CONCLUSIONS: Affective temperaments often change over time, contrary to the classic view of temperament as a consistent phenotype.
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Afecto , Desarrollo de la Personalidad , Personalidad , Temperamento , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Mecanismos de Defensa , Emociones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Autoinforme , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify the serum GDNF levels in individuals with anxiety disorder (AD) in a population-based study. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study population-based, with people aged 18 to 35. AD's assessment was performed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I). Serum GDNF was measured by ELISA using a commercial kit. RESULTS: The prevalence was 3.3% for post-traumatic stress disorder, 6.7% for panic disorders, 17% generalized anxiety disorder, 5.1% for obsessive- compulsive disorder and 7.5% for social phobia. Serum GDNF levels was higher in individuals with panic disorders (pâ¯=â¯0.013), generalized anxiety (pâ¯=â¯0.035), obsessive- compulsive disorder (pâ¯=â¯0.005) and social phobia (pâ¯=â¯0.004), when compared to individuals without ADs. Only post traumatic stress disorder is not associated with serum GDNF levels (pâ¯=â¯0.119). CONCLUSION: In this paper, we observed increased serum levels of GDNF in individuals with anxiety disorders, suggesting that this biomarker can be used as a putative marker for AD's. The knowledge of the physiological changes related to anxiety disorders can provide a better understanding of AD's pathogenesis, as well as, mechanisms involved in the progression of this condition.
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Trastornos de Ansiedad/sangre , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de la Línea Celular Glial/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the serum leptin levels in cannabis smokers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based study of participants between the ages of 18 and 35 years. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic data and the use of psychoactive substances. Leptin levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Results: Of the 911 participants, 6.7% were identified as cannabis smokers and had significantly lower leptin levels (p = 0.008). When stratified by gender, there was a significant decrease in leptin levels among male smokers (p = 0.039). Conclusion: Cannabis smoking was linked to leptin levels in men, suggesting that the response to biological signals may be different between men and women.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Fumar Marihuana/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil , Fumar Marihuana/fisiopatología , Factores Sexuales , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of childhood trauma in cytokine serum levels of individuals with MDD. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study population-based, with people aged 18 to 35. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) measured to current major depressive disorder (MDD). To evaluate traumatic experiences during childhood, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was applied. Serum TNF- α, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA using a commercial kit. RESULTS: The total sample comprised 166 young adults, of these: 40.4% were subjects with MDD and childhood trauma and 59.6% were diagnosed with MDD without childhood trauma. In relation to serum interleukin levels, subjects with childhood trauma showed a significantly higher serum IL-6 (pâ¯=â¯0.013) and IL-10 levels (pâ¯=â¯0.022) to compare no childhood trauma. Subjects with childhood trauma was observed positive correlation between serum IL-6 and physical abuse (râ¯=â¯0.232, pâ¯=â¯0.035) and emotional abuse (râ¯=â¯0.460, pâ¯≤â¯0.001). Moreover, IL-10 were positive correlation with physical abuse (râ¯=â¯0.258, pâ¯=â¯0.013). TNF- α was not associated with childhood trauma. CONCLUSION: Childhood maltreatment may result higher inflammation dysregulation in individuals with depression than individuals that no has childhood maltreatment.
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Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/etiología , Interleucina-10/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the serum leptin levels in cannabis smokers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study of participants between the ages of 18 and 35 years. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic data and the use of psychoactive substances. Leptin levels were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. RESULTS: Of the 911 participants, 6.7% were identified as cannabis smokers and had significantly lower leptin levels (p = 0.008). When stratified by gender, there was a significant decrease in leptin levels among male smokers (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Cannabis smoking was linked to leptin levels in men, suggesting that the response to biological signals may be different between men and women.
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Leptina/sangre , Fumar Marihuana/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fumar Marihuana/fisiopatología , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of alcohol abuse and/or dependence in a population-based sample of young adults and assess the prevalence of comorbid mood disorders, anxiety, and suicide risk in this population. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study enrolled 1,953 young adults aged 18-35 years. The CAGE questionnaire was used to screen for alcohol abuse and/or dependence, with CAGE scores ≥ 2 considered positive. Psychiatric disorders were investigated through the structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results: Alcohol abuse and/or dependence was identified in 187 (9.60%) individuals (5.10% among women and 15.20% among men). Alcohol abuse and/or dependence were more prevalent among men than women, as well as among those who used tobacco, illicit drugs or presented with anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and suicide risk. Conclusion: These findings suggest that alcohol abuse and/or dependence are consistently associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, could be considered important predictors of other psychiatric disorders, and deserve greater public heath attention, pointing to the need for alcohol abuse prevention programs.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos del Humor/epidemiología , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Ansiedad/complicaciones , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil/epidemiología , Drogas Ilícitas , Comorbilidad , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Riesgo , Alcoholismo/psicologíaRESUMEN
Caffeine acts by antagonizing the effect of the endogenous homeostatic sleep factor adenosine. In the current study we aimed to evaluate the pattern of caffeine-induced insomnia and its relation to age and sex in a general population sample derived from a web survey. The sample included 75,534 participants (28.1% men) from 18 to 75 years who answered self-report questionnaires by accessing a website in Brazilian Portuguese (BRAINSTEP project). In our sample, 3620 (17.0%) men and 9920 (18.3%) women reported insomnia due to caffeine intake. Caffeine-induced insomnia increased with aging in both men and women. This difference remained after adjusting for sociodemographic, psychiatric and sleep related variables as well as caffeine intake. Women showed higher proportion of caffeine-induced insomnia than men, but this difference did not remain after controlling for covariates. Also, individuals with caffeine-induced insomnia reported poorer sleep quality, higher latency to fall asleep and a higher proportion of psychiatric diagnoses and daily use of hypnotic drugs. In conclusion, our results show an age-associated increase in caffeine-induced insomnia and poorer mental health indicators among people with caffeine-induced insomnia complaints.
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Cafeína/efectos adversos , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/inducido químicamente , Sueño/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
To evaluate the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory interleukins in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a population-based study. This is a paired study nested in a cross-sectional population-based study. All individuals who presented PTSD and did not present major depressive disorder, diagnostic by interview--Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were selected. From these, 41 healthy controls were matched by sex and age. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by the ELISA, using commercial kits. The group of individuals with PTSD showed a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10. Our results suggest that individuals with PTSD may present an activation of the immune system, which may lead to neuroinflammation.
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Interleucina-10/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Vigilancia de la Población , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/sangre , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Vigilancia de la Población/métodos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Major depressive disorders (MDD) and suicide are significant public health concerns. Recent studies have been demonstrated that alterations in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) can be associated with this psychiatric disorders, MDD and suicide. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate differences in serum levels in individuals with MDD and with or without suicide attempt (SA), from a population-based sample. This was a paired cross-sectional study nested in a population-based study. The psychopathology screen was performed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The total population of the sample consisted of 147 subjects distributed in three groups: 49 healthy controls, 49 subjects with MDD and 49 subjects with MDD and SA (MDD + SA). The BDNF serum levels were significantly reduced in subjects with MDD and MDD + SA compared to the healthy controls. However, there were no significant differences between the MDD and MDD + SA groups with respect to BDNF serum levels. These results suggest that SA did not interfere in the serum levels of BDNF, indicating that this neurotrophin may be related to the diagnosis of MDD and not to suicide attempt.
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Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangre , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/sangre , Intento de Suicidio , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of alcohol abuse and/or dependence in a population-based sample of young adults and assess the prevalence of comorbid mood disorders, anxiety, and suicide risk in this population. METHODS: This cross-sectional, population-based study enrolled 1,953 young adults aged 18-35 years. The CAGE questionnaire was used to screen for alcohol abuse and/or dependence, with CAGE scores ≥ 2 considered positive. Psychiatric disorders were investigated through the structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS: Alcohol abuse and/or dependence was identified in 187 (9.60%) individuals (5.10% among women and 15.20% among men). Alcohol abuse and/or dependence were more prevalent among men than women, as well as among those who used tobacco, illicit drugs or presented with anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and suicide risk. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that alcohol abuse and/or dependence are consistently associated with a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, could be considered important predictors of other psychiatric disorders, and deserve greater public heath attention, pointing to the need for alcohol abuse prevention programs.
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Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos del Humor/epidemiología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcoholismo/psicología , Ansiedad/complicaciones , Brasil/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: To determine the frequency of weight control behaviors (WCBs) and their correlation with body mass index (BMI) and weight-based self-evaluation. Methods: Data were collected by the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP) from 27,501 volunteers (30.4% men, mean age 28.9±8.7 years). Results: The most prevalent WCBs for men and women were exhaustive physical exercise and prolonged fasting, respectively. Frequent exhaustive physical exercise was the only behavior more often adopted by men. BMI was positively associated with WCBs, which were very frequent in obese subjects. About 15% of normal-weight women reported using diuretics and laxatives, and 12.2% reported vomiting as a WCB at least occasionally. Among subjects who regarded body weight highly in their self-evaluation, there was a strong positive association with all WCBs, at similar degrees, in both genders. Compared to those who never base their intrinsic personal value on body weight, those who frequently base intrinsic value on body weight were at 25-30 times higher risk of inducing vomiting. Conclusion: The prevalence of participants adopting WCBs was high, especially in women and obese subjects. Weight-based self-evaluation was more strongly associated with WCBs than BMI.