RESUMEN
Neoplasia and other histopathological lesions in flounder (Platichthys flesus) liver have been investigated in several European sea areas, including the Baltic Sea. Several studies have been able to link neoplasm epizootics in fish with the exposure to genotoxins such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The level of hydrophobic DNA adducts in tissue DNA reflects the exposure of the organism to PAHs. Using hydrophobic DNA adduct levels as biomarkers, possible PAH exposure was assessed in flounder from 10 different sites in the Baltic Sea, collected during the years 1995-1997. The results show that the overall levels of hepatic DNA adducts were low and, in general, the chromatograms appeared clean. The highest levels of DNA adducts were found at two sites in the southern Baltic Sea. There were no statistically significant differences in adduct levels between the sites. Our results indicate that flounder from studied off shore sites of the Baltic Sea had not been exposed to a greater extent to large polycyclic hydrophobic hydrocarbons in their environment.
Asunto(s)
Aductos de ADN/análisis , Lenguado/genética , Animales , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Lenguado/metabolismo , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Océanos y Mares , Radioisótopos de Fósforo , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidadAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Peces/mortalidad , Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/veterinaria , Flavobacterium/fisiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/veterinaria , Percas/microbiología , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Enfermedades de los Peces/patología , Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiología , Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/mortalidad , Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/patología , Flavobacterium/clasificación , Flavobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Boca/microbiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/microbiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/mortalidad , Enfermedades de la Boca/patología , Necrosis , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Efficacy of mineral oil-based experimental injection vaccines against Flavobacterium psychrophilum were tested in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), under laboratory and field conditions. The vaccines consisted of formalin- or heat-inactivated whole bacterium cell preparations of two different serotypes (Fd and Th) or a combination of serologically different F. psychrophilum (Fd and/or Th and/or Fp(T);Th). Specific antibody responses against the bacterium in plasma and skin mucus were evaluated post-vaccination with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Efficacy of the vaccinations was determined by challenge trials to F. psychrophilum with the vaccinated rainbow trout. Significantly higher antibody levels in plasma were detected in vaccinated fish compared with mock-vaccinated fish. Injection vaccination did not trigger specific antibody production in the skin mucus. Significantly higher survival of i.p. vaccinated fish compared with non-vaccinated fish was observed during the challenge. The results suggest that mineral oil-based injectable vaccines containing formalin- or heat-inactivated virulent cells of F. psychrophilum effectively triggered specific antibody production and protected the fish against bacterial cold water disease.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas , Enfermedades de los Peces/prevención & control , Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/veterinaria , Flavobacterium/inmunología , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Vacunación/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Vacunas Bacterianas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Peces/mortalidad , Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/mortalidad , Infecciones por Flavobacteriaceae/prevención & control , Flavobacterium/clasificación , Inyecciones Intramusculares/métodos , Inyecciones Intramusculares/veterinaria , Moco/química , Oncorhynchus mykiss/inmunología , Oncorhynchus mykiss/microbiología , Serotipificación/veterinaria , Piel/inmunología , Vacunación/métodos , Vacunación/normasRESUMEN
Florfenicol, a drug effective against several bacterial diseases of fish, was tested for possible immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the study was to follow the kinetics of the immune response after vaccination with simultaneous oral antibiotic treatment. The fish were immunised with a commercial oil-based divalent (furunculosis/vibriosis) vaccine and were simultaneously given oral antibiotic treatment. The specific immune response was monitored by analysing the levels of specific antibodies with ELISA. As an indicator of the non-specific immune response the phagocytic activity of circulating leucocytes was measured by a chemiluminescence assay. Total circulating leucocyte counts and differentials were also monitored. The disease resistance was evaluated by challenge tests at the end of the experiment. The results showed that florfenicol did not have any significant effect on antibody production and circulating leucocyte levels but caused a suppression in chemiluminescence response/phagocytic cell 5-6 weeks after vaccination. The survival after challenge was slightly suppressed by the florfenicol treatment. The RPS-value for the vaccinated group was 98% and for the florfenicol-treated group was 88%.