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The enrichment of bioethical proposals built from and for Latin America has been increasing in recent decades. In order to contribute to this, our objective is to present a proposal for a bioethical interpretation from a philosophical approach based on the identification of central concepts of Mexican philosopher Juliana González Valenzuela. A dual bio-ontological foundation was identified: a) the "dialectic phenomenology of life," which allows the synthesis between the biological and cultural aspects of human beings, as well as the overcoming of its contradictions; and b) the Homo humanus, which enables the existence of the bio-ethical being affirmed as an authentic being and one who seeks a good life (eu-bios and eu-zoein). Reflection on and critique of the implications that the bio-ontological foundation hypothetically couples to law and power led us to identify main arguments. However, the necessary link between the bio-ethical being and said disciplines was evidenced by virtue of their social and communitarian nature (zoon politikón, ζῷον πολῑτῐκόν).

El enriquecimiento de las propuestas bioéticas construidas desde y para Latinoamérica ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas, a efecto de contribuir a ello es que nuestro objetivo es presentar una propuesta de interpretación bioética en clave filosófica a partir de la identificación de los conceptos centrales de la filósofa mexicana Juliana González Valenzuela. Se identificó un doble fundamento bio-ontológico: a) la "fenomenología dialéctica de la vida" que permite la síntesis entre el aspecto biológico y cultural del ser humano, así como la superación de sus contradicciones; y b) el Homo humanus que posibilita la existencia del ser bio-ético afirmado en tanto un ser auténtico y en tanto busca una vida buena (eu-bíos y eu-zoein). La reflexión y crítica de las implicaciones que el fundamento bio-ontológico apareja hipotéticamente al derecho y al poder, nos llevó a identificar las principales líneas argumentativas, pero principalmente se evidenció el vínculo necesario entre el ser bio-ético y dichas disciplinas, en virtud de su naturaleza social y comunitaria (zoon politikón, ζῷον πολῑτῐκόν).

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Introducción. El confinamiento debido a COVID-19 influenció el estilo de vida de la población mundial. En México, se ha reportado que esta influencia fue mayoritariamente negativa. Sin embargo, existen muy pocos estudios que reporten el impacto en poblaciones de alta marginación como el estado de Oaxaca, donde ya antes de la pandemia presentaban altas tasas de malnutrición. Objetivo. Analizar los efectos del aislamiento por COVID-19 sobre el consumo alimentario de la población del sur de México. Materiales y métodos. Estudio longitudinal, con una muestra (autoseleccionada) de adultos reclutados mediante un link a una página en LimeSurvey. El primer requisito fue el consentimiento informado. Se preguntaron datos sociodemográficos y se aplicó un cuestionario cuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos (raciones/día) recomendables (carnes, cereales, leguminosas, verduras, frutas) y no recomendables (gaseosas, superfluos, azúcares y bebidas alcohólicas). Los participantes respondieron la encuesta al comienzo de la reclusión (marzo'2019) y en enero de 2021. Los datos se analizaron con SPSS'23. Resultados. Se observó un descenso significativo en el consumo de raciones/día (p<0.001) de carnes, cereales, leguminosas y verduras y por otro lado, el consumo de todos los alimentos no recomendables analizados (gaseosas, superfluos, azúcares y bebidas alcohólicas) aumentó significativamente (p<0.001). Conclusiones. Durante el aislamiento por COVID-19 la población oaxaqueña aumentó el consumo de alimentos no saludables y disminuyó el de saludables. Considerando que la situación de salud previa a la pandemia ya no era la esperada, estos resultados aportan un panorama alarmante que requiere intervención(AU)

Introduction. The isolation due to COVID-19 influenced the lifestyle of the world population. In Mexico, it was reported that this influence was mostly negative. However, there are few studies that report this impact in highly marginalized populations such as Oaxaca, which before the pandemic already had high malnutrition figures. Objective. To analyze the effects of isolation by COVID-19 on the food consumption of the population of southern Mexico. Materials and methods. Longitudinal study, with a (self-selected) sample of adults recruited through a link to a page in LimeSurvey. The first requirement was informed consent. Sociodemographic data were recolected and a quantitative questionnaire was applied on the frequency of consumption of recommended (meat, cereals, legumes, vegetables, fruits) and non-recommended (soda, miscellaneous group, sugar, and alcoholic beverages) foods (servings/ day). The participants answered the survey at the beginning of the isolation (March'2019) and in January 2021. The data was analyzed with SPSS'23. Results. A significant decrease was observed in the consumption of servings/day (p<0.001) of meat, cereals, legumes and vegetables and on the other hand, the consumption of all non-recommended foods analyzed (soda, miscellaneous group, sugar and alcoholic beverages) increased exponentially (p<0.001). Conclusions. During the isolation due to COVID-19, the Oaxacan population increased the consumption of unhealthy foods and decreased that of healthy ones. Considering that the health situation prior to the pandemic was no longer as expected, these results provide an alarming panorama that requires intervention(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: The ATXN2 gene has a VNTR (CAG)n with locus in exon1. Long alleles within the normal range (22-29 repeats) are associated with severe obesity in people from the United Kingdom, Indonesia and the Caribbean. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the influence of VNTR (CAG)n on metabolic profile in adults with obesity and pre-obesity, as well as to estimate its effect on the risk of developing diabetes. METHODS AND MATERIAL: 255 adults of Chinantec Amerindian ethnic origin were included, who underwent anthropometric and biochemical evaluation. The VNTR was amplified by end-point PCR and by 8% PAGE electrophoresis. RESULTS: Differences were found in the waist/hip circumference index and body mass index in the carriers of genotypes different to the one homozygous for 22 repeats with a Student's t-test value of 0.0041 and 0.0334, respectively. We also found an association with a family history of chronic disease. CONCLUSION: The VNTR of ATXN2 is associated with obesity in Mexican adults of Chinantec ancestry.

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Hypertension is a major public health problem, affecting more than a quarter of the world's population causing serious cardiovascular problems. In recent years, different polymorphisms have been studied and helped to identify some candidate genes and hereditary syndromes associated with the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension. Therefore, it is important to identify these molecular mechanisms. This review exposes all the genes and polymorphisms that increase or decrease the risk of hypertension in different populations that are related to the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, G protein, salt excretion, aldosterone synthesis, lipid metabolism, mechanism of insulin resistance, vitamin metabolism, purines and sodium reabsorption. This document can be a useful tool in clinical practice, in addition to serving as a support for future research on this topic.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the correlation between indices of diet quality (DQIs), insulin sensitivity (QUICKI) and resistance (HOMA-IR), waist circumference (WHR) and body mass (BMI) and the alleles and genotypes of the TJP1 SNP rs2291166 and the VNTR of ATXN2 in adolescent patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The study enrolled 85 subjects aged 10-20years, from the city of Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico, recruited in the period 2017-2018. DQIs, BMI, WHR, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and diet quality index were measured. The rs2291166 polymorphism in TJP1 was determined by allele-specific PCR and the (CAG)n expansion in ATXN2 was determined by hot start PCR. PCR products were analyzed using 8% PAGE electrophoresis and silver nitrate staining. RESULTS: A correlation was found of indices DQIs, HOMA-IR, WHR and BMI with the heterozygous genotype of the TJP1 SNP rs2291166 and the long and short repeats of the ATXN2 CAG repeat in obese adolescent patients. A very strong positive correlation was seen between the TJP1 SNP and the HOMA-IR index (P<.05). A positive correlation was also found between the ATXN2 CAG repeat and the QUICKI index (P=.000) (P<.05), while the DQIs index correlated more closely with BMI and WHR. CONCLUSIONS: DQIs, TJP1 SNP rs2291166, and ATXN2 CAG repeat are determinants of obesity-related risk parameters such as BMI, WHR, QUICKI, and HOMA-IR in the adolescent population analyzed.

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La ingesta deficitaria es un factor determinante en la desnutrición infantil, un problema de salud pública frecuente en algunas zonas de Latinoamérica. Nuestro objetivo es valorar el desarrollo antropométrico, el consumo alimentario, la ingesta nutricional y su adecuación en escolares, según edad y género, de una zona rural de extrema pobreza de los Andes peruanosque ha recibido programas gubernamentales de ayuda alimentaria. Estudio descriptivo en 171 escolares de 8,9±1,67 años, 51,5% varones. El desarrollo antropométrico se valora mediante el Z-score IMC/edad, el consumo alimentario por la entrevista semiestructurada de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y el método de Recuerdo de 24 horas, la ingesta nutricional con la tabla de composición de alimentos peruana y francesa (REGAL) y su adecuación mediante la probabilidad de ingesta inadecuada (PII). Presentan delgadez el 4,7%, sobrepeso el 8,8% y obesidad el 0,6%. El consumo alimentario y la ingesta nutricional no presentan diferencia entre géneros, ni grupos de edad (6-9 años y 10-12 años). La distribución porcentual de macronutrientes es equilibrada. La PII de energía y la mayoría de nutrientes es significativamente mayor en el grupo de 10-12 años que en el de 6-9 años.Lasvitaminas A, D, C, B3 y folatosson deficientes en ambos grupos; y el calcio, hierro, vitamina E y vitamina B1 en el de 10-12 años. En conclusión, los escolares presentan un peso adecuado en relación a su talla y edad probablemente debido a la alimentación aportada por las ayudas estatales alimentarias. Sin embargo al haber un escaso consumo de frutas, verduras y hortalizas,se refleja un riesgo nutricional de algunas vitaminas y minerales, mayor en el grupo de 10-12 años de más elevados requerimientosnutricionales(AU)

An insufficient intake contributes to child malnutrition, a common public health problem in some Latin America areas. Our objective is to assess the anthropometric development, the food consumption, the nutritional intake and its school children adequacy, according to age and gender, in anextremely poor rural area in the Peruvian Andes where governmental food assistance programs were given. Descriptive study based on 171 school children about 8,9±1,67years, 51,5% males. Anthropometrics characteristics are valuated through IBM/age Z-Score. Food consumption is assessed by semi structured interview frequency of food consumption anda 24-hour diet recall method. The nutritional intake is estimated with the Peruvian and French food composition tables. The adequacy nutritional intake is calculated by the inadequate intake probability (IIP). Evidences are about 4,7% of thinness, 8,8% overweight and 0,6% obesity. The food consumption and the nutritional intake are similar among gender and age groups (6-9 years old and 10-12 years old). There is an acceptable macronutrients distribution range. The IIP energy and most nutrients are significantly greater in the 10-12 group than in the 6-9 group. A deficient intake of vitamin A, D, C, B3, folate is observed in both groups and in Calcium, iron, vitamin E and B1 in the 10-12 group. In conclusion, students have an adequate weight for their height and age, maybe due to the state program of food aid. Nevertheless, there remains weak consumption of fruit and vegetables that is reflected in the nutritional risk of some vitamins and minerals, which is higher in the 10-12 years old group due their greater nutritional requirements(AU)

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