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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Although bundle branch block (BBB) is regarded as a frequent finding, data on its prevalence are scarce in the general population and nonexistent in patients on dialysis. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of complete BBB in patients starting dialysis, to identify factors associated with its presence and, secondarily, to explore its association with mortality and the occurrence of cardiovascular events. METHODS: The study involved patients who started dialysis at our institution between November 1, 2003 and December 31, 2006. All underwent cardiological evaluation at the start of treatment. The presence of BBB was determined and its relationship with clinical factors and biochemical and echocardiographic parameters was examined. Patients were followed up until November 30, 2007. RESULTS: The study included 211 patients (age 65.05+/-15.7 years; 56.4% male). Of these, 24 (11.4%) presented with BBB: 6 (2.8%) with left BBB and 18 (8.5%) with right BBB. Age (odds ratio [OR]=1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.008-1.113; P=.02) and body mass index (OR=1.12; 95% CI, 1.019-1.234; P=.02) were independently associated with BBB. During a mean follow-up period of 23.7+/-12.9 months, patients who presented with left BBB showed a clear trend towards a poorer outcome than those without a conduction defect. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of BBB was high in patients starting dialysis and greater than that observed in the general population. Its presence was independently associated with older age and obesity. During the mean follow-up period of 2 years, patients with left BBB demonstrated a trend towards a poor prognosis.

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Introducción y objetivos. Aunque los bloqueos derama (BR) se consideran hallazgos frecuentes, la información sobre su prevalencia real en la población general es escasa, y es inexistente en los pacientes en diálisis. El objetivo es establecer la prevalencia del BR completo en la población que inicia diálisis y los factores relacionados con su aparición. Como análisis adicional, se explora su asociación con la mortalidad y con la aparición de un evento cardiovascular.Métodos. Se incluyó a los pacientes que iniciaron diálisis en nuestro centro entre el 1 de noviembre de 2003 y el 31 de diciembre de 2006. Todos fueron sometidos a valoración cardiológica al inicio de diálisis. Determinamos el BR y su relación con factores clínicos y parámetros ecocardiográficos y bioquímicos. Los pacientes fueron seguidos hasta el 30 de noviembre de 2007.Resultados. Se incluyó a 211 pacientes (media deedad, 65,05 ± 15,7 años; el 56,4% varones); 24 (11,4%)presentaban BR; 6 (2,8%), BR izquierda y 18 (8,5%), BRderecha. La mayor edad (odds ratio [OR] = 1,05; intervalode confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,008-1,113; p = 0,02) y el índice de masa corporal (OR = 1,12; IC del 95%, 1,019-1,234; p = 0,02) se relacionaron de forma independientecon el BR. Durante un seguimiento medio de 23,7 ± 12,9meses, hubo una clara tendencia a un peor pronóstico enlos pacientes con BR izquierda respecto a los que no tenían defecto de conducción.Conclusiones. Los pacientes que inician diálisis presentan una alta prevalencia de BR, superior a la de la población general. Mayor edad y obesidad se relacionan de forma independiente con que se produzca. Durante un seguimiento medio de 2 años, los pacientes con BR izquierda mostraron tendencia a un peor pronóstico

Introduction and objectives. Although bundle branchblock (BBB) is regarded as a frequent finding, data on its prevalence are scarce in the general population andnonexistent in patients on dialysis. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of complete BBB inpatients starting dialysis, to identify factors associated with its presence and, secondarily, to explore its association with mortality and the occurrence of cardiovascular events.Methods. The study involved patients who starteddialysis at our institution between November 1, 2003 andDecember 31, 2006. All underwent cardiologicalevaluation at the start of treatment. The presence of BBBwas determined and its relationship with clinical factorsand biochemical and echocardiographic parameters wasexamined. Patients were followed up until November 30,2007.Results. The study included 211 patients (age65.05±15.7 years; 56.4% male). Of these, 24 (11.4%)presented with BBB: 6 (2.8%) with left BBB and 18 (8.5%)with right BBB. Age (odds ratio [OR]=1.05; 95%confidence interval [CI], 1.008-1.113; P=.02) and bodymass index (OR=1.12; 95% CI, 1.019-1.234; P=.02) wereindependently associated with BBB. During a meanfollow-up period of 23.7±12.9 months, patients whopresented with left BBB showed a clear trend towards apoorer outcome than those without a conduction defect.Conclusions. The prevalence of BBB was high inpatients starting dialysis and greater than that observed in the general population. Its presence was independently associated with older age and obesity. During the mean follow-up period of 2 years, patients with left BBB demonstrated a trend towards a poor prognosis

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly occurring arrhythmia in the general population and is a serious health problem, its incidence in patients on hemodialysis is unknown. Our objectives were to determine the incidence of AF in our hemodialysis patients, to investigate factors that predispose to its occurrence, and to assess the clinical implications of AF. METHODS: In total, 164 patients in sinus rhythm (SR) were followed for seven years. The occurrence of AF and its influence on mortality and on the occurrence of thromboembolic events were recorded. RESULTS: In a mean follow-up period of 47 (29.5) months (i.e., 643.2 patient-years), 20 patients developed AF (3.1 per 100 patient-years). It was not possible to identify factors that predisposed to the arrhythmia. In patients aged > or =65 years, 1-year and 2-year mortality rates following the occurrence of AF were 38% and 53%, respectively, whereas the rates in those who remained in SR were 14% and 31%, respectively (P=NS). The development of AF was not found to be an independent predictor of mortality. Five patients in the AF group experienced six thromboembolic episodes in a follow-up period of 23.6 (21.4) months (i.e., 15 episodes per 100 patient-years), compared with three episodes per 100 patient-years in the SR group (relative risk=5.2; 95% CI, 2.1-12.4). CONCLUSIONS: Each year, three in every 100 patients in our dialysis unit developed AF. The occurrence of AF increased the risk of a thromboembolic complication five-fold. The use of anticoagulant treatment in these patients should be carefully evaluated.

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Introducción y objetivos. Aunque la fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia más frecuente en la población y constituye un relevante problema social y sanitario, su incidencia en los pacientes en hemodiálisis es desconocida. El objetivo es determinar la incidencia de FA en nuestra población en hemodiálisis, analizar los factores que condicionan su aparición y su influencia en la evolución clínica. Métodos. Seguimos, durante 7 años, a 164 pacientes que se encontraban en ritmo sinusal (RS). Determinamos la aparición de FA y su influencia en la mortalidad y en la aparición de fenómenos tromboembólicos. Resultados. Durante un seguimiento medio de 47 ± 29,5 meses (643,2 pacientes-año), 20 pacientes desarrollaron FA (3,1/100 pacientes-año), sin que se identificaran los factores que condicionaron la aparición de la arritmia. En el grupo ≥ 65 años, la mortalidad al primer y segundo año tras la aparición de FA fue del 38 y el 53%, respectivamente, mientras que en los pacientes que mantuvieron el RS fue del 14 y el 31% (p = NS); el desarrollo de FA no se mostró como factor predictor independiente de mortalidad. Cinco pacientes del grupo de FA desarrollaron 6 episodios tromboembólicos durante un seguimiento de 23,6 ± 21,4 meses (15 episodios/100 pacientes-año), mientras que el grupo que mantuvo el RS presentó 3 episodios/100 pacientes-año (riesgo relativo [RR] = 5,2; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 2,1-12,4). Conclusiones. Tres de cada 100 pacientes desarrollaron, cada año, FA en nuestra unidad de diálisis. La aparición de FA incrementó en 5 veces el riesgo de presentar una complicación tromboembólica. La utilización del tratamiento anticoagulante en estos pacientes necesita ser cuidadosamente evaluada (AU)

Introduction and objectives. Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly occurring arrhythmia in the general population and is a serious health problem, its incidence in patients on hemodialysis is unknown. Our objectives were to determine the incidence of AF in our hemodialysis patients, to investigate factors that predispose to its occurrence, and to assess the clinical implications of AF. Methods. In total, 164 patients in sinus rhythm (SR) were followed for seven years. The occurrence of AF and its influence on mortality and on the occurrence of thromboembolic events were recorded. Results. In a mean follow-up period of 47 (29.5) months (i.e., 643.2 patient-years), 20 patients developed AF (3.1 per 100 patient-years). It was not possible to identify factors that predisposed to the arrhythmia. In patients aged ≥65 years, 1-year and 2-year mortality rates following the occurrence of AF were 38% and 53%, respectively, whereas the rates in those who remained in SR were 14% and 31%, respectively (P=NS). The development of AF was not found to be an independent predictor of mortality. Five patients in the AF group experienced six thromboembolic episodes in a follow-up period of 23.6 (21.4) months (i.e., 15 episodes per 100 patient-years), compared with three episodes per 100 patient-years in the SR group (relative risk=5.2; 95% CI, 2.1-12.4). Conclusions. Each year, three in every 100 patients in our dialysis unit developed AF. The occurrence of AF increased the risk of a thromboembolic complication five- fold. The use of anticoagulant treatment in these patients should be carefully evaluated (AU)

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