RESUMEN
Oxidative processes and lipid metabolism in young (3-4 months) and old (25-28 months) were studied. The increase of the rate of reactions of free radical oxidation of lipids (hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde) and the accumulation of products of oxidative modification of proteins was recorded in mitochondrial fraction of rat brain. The accumulation of nitric oxide in the mitochondria and the oxidation products leads to the development of oxidative stress. Investigation of the lipid spectrum in old rat brains showed that aging was accompanied by a change in the qualitative and quantitative content of phospholipids. A change in the metabolism of neutral glycolipids leads to a decrease in the content of cerebrosides and sulfoserobrosides. At the same time an increase in sphingosine (a product of hidrolytic decomposition of neutral glycolipids) was observed. The key role of lipid metabolism in age pathologies was noticed.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Encéfalo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Fosfolípidos/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Radicales Libres/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Ratas , Partículas SubmitocóndricasRESUMEN
The antioxidant activity of a newly synthesized compound, cysteine lithium salt, was discovered using methyl oleate oxidation model of dopaminergic system disorder. Experimental data show that injection of the synthesized compound in animals with experimentally induced L-DOPA brings to normalization effect conditioned by inhibiting free radical reactions in the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions of brain cells. Antioxidant effect of the synthesized compound is related to its chemical structure that contains cysteine--an agent involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione, which is a component of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes participating in the antiradical protection system.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Cisteína/farmacología , Dopamina/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxidos Lipídicos/biosíntesis , Litio , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cisteína/química , Levodopa/farmacología , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Ácidos Oléicos/química , RatasAsunto(s)
Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Peroxidación de Lípido , Oxidación-Reducción , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/metabolismo , 1-Metil-4-fenil-1,2,3,6-Tetrahidropiridina/farmacología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Neurotoxinas/farmacología , Trastornos Parkinsonianos/inducido químicamente , RatasRESUMEN
Pyromecaine is a local anesthetic used for surface anesthesia. Its marked antiarrhythmic activity has been established in various models of experimental cardiac arrhythmia in doses of 0.1-2.5 mg/kg. Pyromecaine has a wide spectrum of antiarrhythmic action, exerts a favourable effect on the intracardiac and systemic hemodynamics, on the contractility of the left ventricle and on the myocardial blood flow following the ligation of the coronary artery. Other positive properties of pyromecaine include its anesthetic activity and a relatively low toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Antiarrítmicos/uso terapéutico , Circulación Coronaria/efectos de los fármacos , Pirrolidinas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Aleteo Atrial/tratamiento farmacológico , Complejos Cardíacos Prematuros/tratamiento farmacológico , Gatos , Embrión de Pollo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Cobayas , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Taquicardia/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Animal experiments have shown that beta-adrenoblockers have the most marked antistrophanthin properties while antiarrhythmic agents with locally anesthetic attributes are less active. All the substances studied have proved to be ineffective on the cellular model of strophanthin arrhythmia. The data obtained suggest that the antiarrhythmic effect of the substances under study including beta-adrenoblockers is exercised on the level of the receptor apparatus of the postsynaptic membrane. The membrane stabilizing properties do not play the decisive role in ensuring the antiarrhythmic effect in strophanthin arrhythmia.
Asunto(s)
Antiarrítmicos/farmacología , Arritmias Cardíacas/inducido químicamente , Estrofantinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacología , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Anestésicos Locales/farmacología , Anestésicos Locales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapéutico , Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cobayas , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
Antiarrhythmic activity of the local anesthetic pyromecaine has been studied. The drug has been shown to eliminate flutter of the atria provoked by electrical stimulation of the myocardium, by aconitin, strophanthine and barium chloride. It prevents ventricular fibrillation arising due to calcium chloride poisoning. The drug exhibits marked antiarrhythmic properties. It is similar to lidocaine but less toxic and has a broader therapeutic range. It does not produce any adverse action on myocardial contractility or conduction. Pyromecaine has been demonstrated to exert appreciable antiarrhythmic activity in patients. The Pharmacological Committee of the USSR Ministry of Health approved pyromecaine for use in medical practice as an antiarrhythmic drug.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos Locales/uso terapéutico , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapéutico , Pirrolidinas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Arritmias Cardíacas/tratamiento farmacológico , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiología , Gatos , Perros , Cobayas , Lidocaína/uso terapéutico , Procainamida/uso terapéutico , Quinidina/uso terapéutico , Conejos , RatasRESUMEN
A comparison of antiarrhythmic activity of substances (stimulation of the heart with electric current and measuring the duration of the refractory peroid) as against their local anesthetic properties (the eye cornea of the rabbit and the ischiatic nerve of the frog) proved the existence of a close correlation between the ability of substances to abolish arrhythmia, caused by an electric stimulation of the heart, and their capacity to produce a conduction anesthesia in the ischiatic nerve of a decapitated frog.