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Musculoskeletal disorders are an unavoidable occupational health problem. In particular, workers who perform repetitive tasks onsite in the manufacturing industry suffer from musculoskeletal problems. In this paper, we propose a system that evaluates the posture of workers in the manufacturing industry with single-view 3D human pose-estimation that can estimate the posture in 3D using an RGB camera that can easily acquire the posture of a worker in a complex workplace. The proposed system builds a Duckyang-Auto Worker Health Safety Environment (DyWHSE), a manufacturing-industry-specific dataset, to estimate the wrist pose evaluated by the Rapid Limb Upper Assessment (RULA). Additionally, we evaluate the quality of the built DyWHSE dataset using the Human3.6M dataset, and the applicability of the proposed system is verified by comparing it with the evaluation results of the experts. The proposed system provides quantitative assessment guidance for working posture risk assessment, assisting the continuous posture assessment of workers.

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A study was performed to investigate the hydrogen embrittlement behavior of 18-Ni 300 maraging steel produced by selective laser melting and subjected to different heat treatment strategies. Hydrogen was pre-charged into the tensile samples by an electro-chemical method at the constant current density of 1 A m-2 and 50 A m-2 for 48 h at room temperature. Charged and uncharged specimens were subjected to tensile tests and the hydrogen concentration was eventually analysed using quadrupole mass spectroscopy. After tensile tests, uncharged maraging samples showed fracture surfaces with dimples. Conversely, in H-charged alloys, quasi-cleavage mode fractures occurred. A lower concentration of trapped hydrogen atoms and higher elongation at fracture were measured in the H-charged samples that were subjected to solution treatment prior to hydrogen charging, compared to the as-built counterparts. Isothermal aging treatment performed at 460 °C for 8 h before hydrogen charging increased the concentration of trapped hydrogen, giving rise to higher hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility.

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The histamine H4 receptor (H4R), a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family, has been considered as a potential therapeutic target for treating atopic dermatitis (AD). A large number of H4R antagonists have been disclosed, but no efficient agents controlling both pruritus and inflammation in AD have been developed yet. Here, we have discovered a novel class of orally available H4R antagonists showing strong anti-itching and anti-inflammation activity as well as excellent selectivity against off-targets. A pharmacophore-based virtual screening system constructed in-house successfully identified initial hit compound 9, and the subsequent homology model-guided optimization efficiently led us to discover pyrido[2,3- e]tetrazolo[1,5- a]pyrazine analogue 48 as a novel chemotype of a potent and highly selective H4R antagonist. Importantly, orally administered compound 48 exhibits remarkable efficacy on antipruritus and anti-inflammation with a favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in several mouse models of AD. Thus, these data strongly suggest that our compound 48 is a promising clinical candidate for treatment of AD.

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OBJECTIVES: This study describes the outbreaks of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Korea during the first wave, from January 16, 2014 through July 25, 2014. Its purpose is to provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of H5N8 HPAI. METHODS: Information on the outbreak farms and HPAI positive wild birds was provided by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. The epidemiological investigation sheets for the outbreak farms were examined. RESULTS: During the 7-month outbreak period (January-July 2014), H5N8 HPAI was confirmed in 212 poultry farms, 38 specimens from wild birds (stools, birds found dead or captured). Ducks were the most frequently infected poultry species (159 outbreak farms, 75.0%), and poultry in 67 (31.6%) outbreak farms was asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: As in the previous four H5N1 epidemics of HPAI that occurred in Korea, this epidemic of H5N8 proved to be associated with migratory birds. Poultry farms in Korea can hardly be free from the risk of HPAI introduced via migratory birds. The best way to overcome this geographical factor is to reinforce biosecurity to prevent exposure of farms, related people, and poultry to the pathogen.

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Challenging precious Pt-based electrocatalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), graphene nanoplatelets that are N-doped at the edges (NGnPs) are prepared via simply ball-milling graphite in the presence of nitrogen gas. DSSCs based on specific nanoplatelets designated "NGnP5" display superior photovoltaic performance (power conversion efficiency, 10.27%) compared to that of conventional Pt-based devices (9.96%). More importantly, the NGnP counter electrode exhibits outstanding electrochemical stability and electrocatalytic activity with a cobalt-complex redox couple.

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Despite careful preoperative and intraoperative sizing of lateral menisci in recipient knees, size mismatches between allografts and recipient menisci are often encountered. To minimize size mismatches during the transplantation of smaller than expected lateral meniscal allografts, we devised a modified keyhole technique by dividing the central bone bridge into 2 bony fragments. The fragments are attached to the anterior and posterior horns. In the event of mismatch, the anterior bony fragment is moved anteriorly in the keyhole tunnel. Although the technique of meniscal transplantation is technically demanding, the central bone bridge can be divided without difficulty. The described technique is considered a useful alternative method during lateral meniscal transplantation.

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In order to understand the behavior of nonylphenol (NP) in Han River, water, suspended particle and sediment samples were analyzed during summer, autumn and winter. Concentrations of nonylphenol in water ranged from 23.2 to 187.6 ng/l, in suspended particle from 6.8 to 190.8 ng/l and in sediment from 25.4 to 932.0 ng/gdrywt. An increasing trend in the concentration is noticed in all matrices along down the river. In case of water and suspended particle, concentrations were higher in warmer season than in colder season. Percentage of nonylphenol in the suspended particle phase decreased from 67% to 28% with decreasing temperature in water. A reasonable correlation (R2 = 0.63) was obtained for water and suspended particle. The partition coefficient Log Kp is 4.8. No seasonal variation of the concentration in sediment is noticed in this study.

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