RESUMEN

This study analyzed dietary assessment and factors according to fruits and vegetables intake in Korean elderly people. We enrolled 8336 Korean elderly people aged ≥65 who participated in the dietary intake survey (24-h recall methods) of the 2013-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANES). The intake of fruits and unsalted/non-starchy vegetables was 372.06 g/day. According to age group, the intake in the age group 65-74 years as 422.47 g/day, and the intake in the age group 75 years + was 301.12 g/day. Based on the intake of daily meals and snacks, the intake of fruits and unsalted/non-starchy vegetables was the highest in snack-eating individuals (480.96 g/day). The subjects who consumed more than the World Health Organization (WHO)/World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)'s plant food intake standards (over 400 g/day of intake of fruits and unsalted/non-starchy vegetables) were 35.47% of the elderly people. These results suggest that it is necessary to develop more fundamental strategies to increase fruits and vegetables intake among elderly people. Furthermore, the study outcomes are expected to provide basic information for developing education programs to improve the dietary life of Korean elderly people.

Asunto(s)

Frutas , Evaluación Nutricional , Encuestas Nutricionales , Verduras , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Dieta Saludable , Ingestión de Energía , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Comidas , República de Corea

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have reported nephrotoxicity associated with hydroxyethyl starch (HES), the long-term effect of HES on renal function after nephrectomy has rarely been reported. We evaluated the association between intraoperative HES administration and short- and long-term renal function after nephrectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 1106 patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who received (HES group) or did not receive 6% HES 130/0.4 intraoperatively (non-HES group). The primary outcome was new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3a (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m) or higher or all-cause mortality during 60 months after surgery. Propensity score matching was performed to address baseline differences between the 2 groups. Renal survival determined by stage 3a and stage 5 CKD (eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m) or all-cause mortality were compared up to 60 months before and after matching. We compared postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and CKD upstaging in the matched cohort as secondary outcomes. Ordinal logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses using inverse probability of treatment weighting were performed for postoperative AKI and our primary outcome, respectively. A subgroup analysis of partial nephrectomy was performed. RESULTS: Thirty percent of patients received HES intraoperatively. Balanced solution and 0.9% normal saline was administered during surgery in both groups. Renal survival was not significantly different between groups after matching (log-rank test P = .377 for our primary outcome, and P = .981 for stage 5 or all-cause mortality, respectively). In the matched cohort (HES group: n = 280, non-HES group: n = 280), the incidence of AKI or CKD upstaging at 1 year was not significantly different (AKI: n = 94, 33.6% in HES group versus n = 90, 32.1% in non-HES group; CKD upstaging: n = 132, 47.1% in HES group versus n = 122, 43.6% in non-HES group; odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.61; P = .396). Intraoperative HES administration was not associated with postoperative renal outcomes (AKI: OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.81-1.16; P = .723; CKD stage 3a or higher or all-cause mortality: hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.89-1.14; P = .920). Subgroup analysis yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative 6% HES 130/0.4 administration was not significantly associated with short- and long-term renal function or renal survival up to 5 years in patients undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy. However, wide CI including large harm effect precludes firm conclusion and inadequate assessment of safety cannot be ruled out by our results.

Asunto(s)

Derivados de Hidroxietil Almidón/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Renales/epidemiología , Pruebas de Función Renal , Nefrectomía , Soluciones Farmacéuticas/efectos adversos , Sustitutos del Plasma/efectos adversos , Lesión Renal Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Fluidoterapia , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Incidencia , Enfermedades Renales/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Posoperatorio , Puntaje de Propensión , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Perioperative cell count-associated predictors, including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/LR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (P/LR), are associated with poor clinical outcomes including myocardial injury. Study investigators aimed to examine the association among the perioperative N/LR, P/LR, and postoperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE) after noncardiac surgery in patients with drug-eluting stent (DES) insertion. DESIGN: Retrospective and observational. SETTING: Single university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: The study comprised 965 patients who underwent noncardiac surgery within 6 months after DES implantation. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Baseline perioperative clinical parameters, including N/LR and P/LR measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and on postoperative day (POD) 1, were obtained. MACCE was defined as a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, nonhemorrhagic stroke, and pulmonary embolism within 1 month after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching were used to identify predictors of MACCE after surgery. MACCE occurred in 67 patients (6.9%) and was more common in patients with N/LR on POD 1 >4.3 (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-2.79; p = 0.040 and as a continuous N/LR [OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.27; p < 0.001]). This association was consistent after propensity score matching and was stronger when the antiplatelet agent was stopped before surgery (OR 3.02, 95% CI 2.14-4.48; p = 0.006 for stopping dual antiplatelet therapy). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing noncardiac surgery within 6 months after DES implantation, elevated N/LR on POD 1 is independently associated with postoperative MACCE. Elevated postoperative N/LR as a marker of systemic inflammation may help to predict the development of MACCE in these high-risk patients.

Asunto(s)

Stents Liberadores de Fármacos , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Linfocitos , Neutrófilos , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Stents/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

ABO-incompatible liver transplantation (ABO-i LT) is associated with a higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to ABO-compatible liver transplantation (ABO-c LT). We compared the risk of AKI associated with transfusion between ABO-c and ABO-i living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In 885 cases of LDLT, we used a propensity score analysis to match patients who underwent ABO-c (n = 766) and ABO-i (n = 119) LDLT. Baseline medical status, laboratory findings, and surgical- and anesthesia-related parameters were used as contributors for propensity score matching. AKI was defined according to the "Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes" criteria. After 1:2 propensity score matching, a conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) on the risk of AKI. The incidence of AKI was higher in ABO-i LT than in ABO-c LT before and after matching (after matching, 65.8% in ABO-i vs 39.7% in ABO-c, p < 0.001). The incidence of AKI increased in direct proportion to the amount of transfusion, and this increase was more pronounced in ABO-i LT. The risk of pRBC transfusion for AKI was greater in ABO-i LT (multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.32 per unit) than in ABO-c LT (OR 1.11 per unit). The risk of FFP transfusion was even greater in ABO-i LT (OR 1.44 per unit) than in ABO-c LT (OR 1.07 per unit). In conclusion, the association between transfusion and risk of AKI was stronger in patients with ABO-i LT than with ABO-c LT. Interventions to reduce perioperative transfusions may attenuate the risk of AKI in patients with ABO-i LT.

RESUMEN

The association between the choice of general anesthetic agents and the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and long-term renal dysfunction after nephrectomy has not yet been evaluated. We reviewed 1087 cases of partial or radical nephrectomy. The incidence of postoperative AKI, new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD upstaging were compared between general anesthetic agent groups (propofol, sevoflurane, and desflurane). Four different propensity score analyses were performed to minimize confounding for each pair of comparison (propofol vs. sevoflurane; propofol vs. desflurane; sevoflurane vs. desflurane; propofol vs. volatile agents). Study outcomes were compared before and after matching. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis was performed to compare renal survival determined by the development of new-onset CKD between groups up to 36 months after nephrectomy. Propofol was associated with a lower incidence of AKI (propofol 23.2% vs. sevoflurane 39.5%, p = 0.004; vs. propofol 21.0% vs. desflurane 34.3%, p = 0.031), a lower incidence of CKD upstaging (propofol 27.2% vs. sevoflurane 58.4%, p < 0.001; propofol 32.4% vs. desflurane 48.6%, p = 0.017) and better three-year renal survival after nephrectomy compared to sevoflurane or desflurane group (Log-rank test propofol vs. sevoflurane p < 0.001; vs. desflurane p = 0.015) after matching. Propofol was also associated with a lower incidence of new-onset CKD after nephrectomy compared to sevoflurane after matching (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between sevoflurane and desflurane. However, subgroup analysis of partial nephrectomy showed a significant difference only in CKD upstaging. In conclusion, propofol, compared to volatile agents, could be a better general anesthetic agent for nephrectomy to attenuate postoperative renal dysfunction. However, limitations of the retrospective study design and inconsistent results of the subgroup analysis preclude firm conclusions.

RESUMEN

We sought to evaluate the association of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) adjusted for parenchymal mass reduction with long-term renal function in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy. A total of 629 patients undergoing partial nephrectomy were reviewed. Postoperative AKI was defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) serum creatinine criteria, by using either the unadjusted or adjusted baseline serum creatinine level, accounting for renal parenchymal mass reduction. Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) were followed up to 61 months (median 28 months) after surgery. The primary outcome was the functional change ratio (FCR) of eGFR calculated by the ratio of the most recent follow-up value, at least 24 months after surgery, to eGFR at 3-12 months after surgery. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether unadjusted or adjusted AKI was an independent predictor of FCR. As a sensitivity analysis, functional recovery at 3-12 months after surgery compared to the preoperative baseline was analyzed. Median parenchymal mass reduction was 11%. Unadjusted AKI occurred in 16.5% (104/625) and adjusted AKI occurred in 8.6% (54/629). AKI using adjusted baseline creatinine was significantly associated with a long-term FCR (ß = -0.129 ± 0.026, p < 0.001), while unadjusted AKI was not. Adjusted AKI was also a significant predictor of functional recovery (ß = -0.243 ± 0.106, p = 0.023), while unadjusted AKI was not. AKI adjusted for the parenchymal mass reduction was significantly associated with a long-term functional decline after partial nephrectomy. A creatinine increase due to remaining parenchymal ischemic injury may be important in order to predict long-term renal functional outcomes after partial nephrectomy.

Asunto(s)

Oxígeno , Humanos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the intake of fruits and vegetables by cooking location and daily meals for Korean children and adolescents. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: For this study, 2,538 Korean children and adolescents aged 7-18 years, who participated in the 2010 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dietary intake survey (24-hour recall methods), were sampled. RESULTS: The total unsalted fruit and vegetable intake for all subjects was 300 g (aged 7-12 years, 280 g; aged 13-18 years, 316 g). Regarding meal serving location, the combined unsalted fruit and vegetable intake was 159 g at home, 206 g at commercial locations, and 104 g at institutions. The combined unsalted fruit and vegetable intake in snack form was 128 g, which was higher than that during daily meals. In total, 24.9% of subjects satisfied the recommended fruit and vegetable intake (>=400 g), according to the guidelines created by the World Health Organization/World Cancer Research Fund. Logistic regression analysis results revealed that the fruit and vegetable intake of girls was 1.4 times higher than that of boys, and the number of people who ate more than 400 g of fruits and vegetables was 1.7 times higher in the group with higher education. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the above results, in-depth measures to continuously increase intake of fruits and vegetables in children and adolescents are needed. This study can be used as basic data for the development of educational programs for dietary improvements.

Asunto(s)

Culinaria/métodos , Dieta/métodos , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Frutas , Comidas/fisiología , Encuestas Nutricionales/estadística & datos numéricos , Verduras , Adolescente , Niño , Culinaria/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , República de Corea , Bocadillos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Porphyra tenera (Kjellman, 1897) is the most common eatable red seaweed in Asia. In the present study, P. tenera volatile oil (PTVO) was extracted from dried P. tenera sheets that were used as food by the microwave hydrodistillation procedure, after which the characterization of its chemical constituents was done by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy and its antioxidant potential was evaluated by a number of in vitro biochemical assays such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and reducing power assay and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. RESULTS: A total of 30 volatile compounds comprising about 99.4% of the total volume were identified, of which trans-beta-ionone (20.9%), hexadecanoic acid (9.2%) and 2,6-nonadienal (8.7%) were present in higher quantities. PTVO exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity by DPPH scavenging (44.62%), NO scavenging (28.45%) and superoxide scavenging (54.27%) at 500 µg/mL. Similarly, it displayed strong ABTS radical scavenging (IC50 value of 177.83 µg/mL), hydroxyl radical scavenging (IC50 value of 109.70 µg/mL), and moderate lipid peroxidation inhibition activity (IC50 value of 231.80 µg/mL) and reducing power (IC0.5 value of 126.58 µg/mL). PTVO exhibited strong antioxidant potential in a concentration dependent manner and the results were comparable with the BHT and α-tocopherol, taken as the reference standard compounds (positive controls). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, PTVO with potential bioactive chemical compounds and strong antioxidant activity could be utilized in the cosmetic industries for making antioxidant rich anti-aging and sun-screen lotion and in the food sector industries as food additives and preservatives.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To predict spinal canal compromise, the assessment of plain radiography with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid the detection of vertebral body collapse and prevent the development of neurological deficits. METHODS: Patients who suffered osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) between January 2012 and December 2014 underwent consecutive radiological assessments, including measurements of anterior height loss (AHL), posterior height loss (PHL), and the kyphotic angle (KA). The fracture morphology was classified by AOSpine thoracolumbar spine injury classification system. MRI was performed at the initial assessment and the extent of canal encroachment (CE) was calculated in all patients. Follow-up computed tomography (CT) or MRI was performed in patients exhibiting significant height loss in follow-up radiography. The fracture patterns in T1- and T2-weighted MRI were also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 485 patients visited our institute for treatment of OVFs and 97 were enrolled; 15 were male and 82 were female. The mean age at initial visit was 70.3±14.6years. The initial spinal CE was correlated with the initial PHL and the initial AHL. The follow-up CE was correlated with age, the initial PHL, and the difference between the initial and last PHL (ΔPHL(initial-last)). OVFs with both endplate fractures have a greater tendency of posterior wall collapse than those with single endplate fracture. On initial T1-weighted sagittal MRI, a diffuse low signal change pattern of the fractured vertebra was correlated with PHL. Delayed neurological deficits developed in four patients. These patients underwent surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with simple compression fractures, attention should be paid to the posterior vertebral body and both endplates as well as the T1-weighted MRI findings to allow early detection of spinal canal compromise, which can have devastating consequences.

Asunto(s)

Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fracturas por Compresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Cifosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estatura/fisiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/efectos adversos , Fracturas por Compresión/complicaciones , Fracturas por Compresión/fisiopatología , Fracturas por Compresión/cirugía , Humanos , Cifosis/etiología , Cifosis/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/complicaciones , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/fisiopatología , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/fisiopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/complicaciones , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/fisiopatología , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Vértebras Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagen

RESUMEN

The aim of the current study was to analyze the relationship between plant food (fruits, vegetables, and kimchi) and the prevalence of rhinitis among Korean adults using data from the 2011 and 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 7494 subjects aged from 19 to 64 years participated in a rhinitis morbidity survey, health behavior interview, and 24-h dietary recall test. Individuals with energy intakes less than 500 kcal or more than 5000 kcal were excluded. The results showed that kimchi intake was inversely associated with the prevalence of rhinitis. The prevalence of rhinitis decreased with increasing kimchi consumption. The quintile 4 (range of kimchi intake: 108.0-180.0 g) groups, compared with the reference of quintile 1 (0-23.7 g), showed a decrease of 18.9% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.811, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.672-0.979) in Model 4. In conclusion, consumption of kimchi lowers the risk of rhinitis, suggesting that its use should be encouraged among the Korean population.

Asunto(s)

Dieta , Fermentación , Frutas , Encuestas Nutricionales , Rinitis/epidemiología , Verduras , Adulto , Ingestión de Energía , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea/epidemiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed factors affecting consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits in Korean adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits, general characteristics, meal, health, and other variables were analyzed for a total of 147,047 adolescents who participated in the KYRBWS (Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey) conducted in 2006 and 2011 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: Consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits more than once a day significantly decreased in 2011 compared to 2006 based on Chi-square test conducted for every factor employed in the study. Analysis of factors showed that consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits were reduced in both study years as subjective income decreased, whereas intake frequencies increased with mother's education level and reduction of adolescent stress level. CONCLUSIONS: In general, consumption frequencies of vegetables and fruits decreased in 2011 compared to those in 2006. Thus, future research needs to improve dietary guidelines for nutrition education in order for students to recognize the importance of food consumption and necessity of increasing daily serving sizes of vegetables and fruits for their balanced consumption.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: We evaluated the prophylactic effect of benzydamine hydrochloride (BH) spray on postoperative sore throat and hoarseness secondary to intubation with a double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT). METHODS: Ninety-two adult patients undergoing thoracic surgery using DLT intubation were studied. The DLT cuff and oropharyngeal cavity were sprayed with normal saline (Group S; n = 46) or BH (Group BH; n = 46) prior to intubation. Postoperative sore throat and hoarseness were evaluated at one, six, and 24 hr after surgery. Sore throat was evaluated using a 0-100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Hoarseness was defined as a change in voice quality. RESULTS: Compared with Group S, postoperative sore throat occurred less frequently in Group BH at one hour (mean difference, 28.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.7 to 45.1; P = 0.01), at six hours (mean difference, 32.6%; 95% CI, 12.6 to 49.2; P < 0.01), and at 24 hr (mean difference, 28.3%; 95% CI, 9.3 to 44.7; P = 0.01) after surgery. Group BH had lower VAS scores for postoperative sore throat at one hour (mean difference, 12.8; 95% CI, 4.9 to 20.7), at six hours (mean difference, 11.9; 95% CI, 4.8 to 19.1; P < 0.01), and at 24 hr (mean difference, 5.3; 95% CI, 0.9 to 9.7; P = 0.01) after surgery. Hoarseness also occurred less frequently in Group BH at one hour (mean difference, 23.9%; 95% CI, 6.8 to 39.6; P = 0.01), at six hours (mean difference, 23.9%; 95% CI, 7.4 to 39.3; P = 0.01), and at 24 hr (mean difference, 21.7%; 95% CI, 5.5 to 37.0; P = 0.02) after surgery (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic application of BH to the DLT cuff and oropharyngeal cavity reduces the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat and the incidence of hoarseness associated with DLT intubation. The trial was registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0001068).

Asunto(s)

Bencidamina/administración & dosificación , Ronquera/prevención & control , Intubación Intratraqueal/efectos adversos , Faringitis/prevención & control , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Ronquera/epidemiología , Ronquera/etiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Intubación Intratraqueal/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Faringitis/epidemiología , Faringitis/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Periodo Posoperatorio , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

This study evaluates the effects of cultured wild ginseng root (0.05%, 0.1% v/w) and xylitol in kimchi. The fermented characteristics of kimchi were investigated during 28 days of fermentation at 4°C. The pH value in the sample with the cultured wild ginseng root was higher than that of control group. The total acidity in the sugar groups (SG groups) was higher than that of xylitol groups (XG groups). Comparing total bacterial count, XG groups were lower than SG groups, regardless of the additional ratio of the cultured wild ginseng root. Reducing sugar of XG groups decreased more slowly than SG groups for seven days; glucose and fructose of XG groups were lower than the control group. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in groups with cultured wild ginseng root than in control. In the result of sensory evaluation, XG groups were more preferred than other groups. In conclusion, our results indicate that cultured wild-ginseng root and xylitol have a positive effect on the quality of kimchi, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant functions.