RESUMEN
The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, which was first described in 1939, is a rare neoplasm that accounts for 0.04%-0.7% of all lung neoplasms. These neoplasms occur most often in children, as they are the most common primary lung tumors in children. Preoperative diagnosis of such patients using bronchoscopy with endoluminal biopsy and transthoracic biopsy is not always informative and often the diagnosis can only be established during surgery. The presented case shows that on rare occasions, a giant myofibroblastic tumor of the lung may be encountered in adults, and radical intervention with subsequent rehabilitation can lead to full recovery.
Asunto(s)
Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Niño , Humanos , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Granuloma de Células Plasmáticas/cirugía , Pulmón/patología , Biopsia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
We have studied the properties of relatively thick (about 120 nm) magnetic composite films grown by pulsed laser deposition using the eutectic compound (GaSb)0.59(MnSb)0.41 as target for sputtering. For the studied films we have observed ferromagnetism and an anomalous Hall effect above room temperature, confirming the presence of spin-polarized carriers. Electron microscopy, atomic and magnetic force microscopy results suggest that the films under study have a homogenous columnar structure in the bulk while MnSb inclusions accumulate near the surface. This is in good agreement with the high mobility values of charge carriers. Based on our data we conclude that the magnetic and magnetotransport properties of the films at room temperature are defined by the MnSb inclusions.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the structure of degenerative lumbar stenosis surgical treatment complications and to analyze their effect on the results and indications for revision operations. Methods: Between 2009 and 2013, 513 patients with lumbar stenosis of degenerative etiology were surgically treated. There were 205 men, 308 women, aged 23 to 74 years. The main clinical manifestations were persistent compression radiculopathy, chronic pain in the back and lower limbs, and difficulty walking. The intensity of the pain was assessed by the VAS. At the time of hospitalization, VAS was 55-90 points. Results: Of the 513 operated patients, 65 (12.67%) had complications in the early postoperative period (up to three months after the operation); intraoperative complications occurred in 26 (5.1%) patients; intraoperative dura mater injury occurred in 24 (4.67%); pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 2 (0.39%) patients; 39 patients had early postoperative complications; acute radiculopathy occurred in 22 patients (4.28%); and 17 patients (3.31%) had surgical wound complications. Conclusions: Liquorrhea, postoperative hematomas and acute radiculopathy had no negative effect on the results of treatment in any of the cases. In the early postoperative period, 4 (0.77%) deaths were recorded intraoperatively and in 2 (0.39%) cases, intraoperative PE occurred. Two cases (0.39%) resulted in sepsis and multiple organ failure. In eight (1.55%) patients, the results of the treatment were unsatisfactory: in 4 (0.77%) cases due to death, and in a further 4 (0.77%) due to elimination of the system by the spinal column as a result of suppuration. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic studies - Investing the results of treatment.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a estrutura das complicações do tratamento cirúrgico da estenose lombar degenerativa e analisar seu efeito nos resultados e indicações para operações de revisão. Métodos: Nos anos de 2009-2013, 513 pacientes com estenose lombar de etiologia degenerativa foram tratados cirurgicamente. Havia 205 homens, 308 mulheres com idades entre 23 e 74 anos. As principais manifestações clínicas foram radiculopatia por compressão persistente, dor crônica nas costas e membros inferiores, dificuldade para andar. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pela EAV. No momento da hospitalização, a EVA foi de 55 a 90 pontos. Resultados: Entre os 513 pacientes operados, 65 (12,67%) tiveram complicações do pós-operatório imediato (até três meses após a operação ocorreram complicações intraoperatórias em 26 (5,1%) pacientes. A lesão intra operatória da dura-máter ocorreu em 24 (4,67%); embolia pulmonar (EP) ocorreu em dois (0,39%) pacientes, 39 pacientes com complicações pós-operatórias precoces, radiculopatia aguda em 22 pacientes (4,28%) e 17 pacientes (3,31%) com complicações da ferida. Os hematomas pós-operatórios e a radiculopatia aguda tiveram efeito negativo sobre os resultados do tratamento em nenhum caso. No período pós-operatório imediato, 4 (0,77%) dos óbitos foram registrados no período intra operatório e em dois (0,39%) casos o PE intra operatório. Em dois casos (0,39%) foram motivo de sepse e falência múltipla de órgãos, sendo que em oito (1,55%) pacientes foram encontrados resultados insatisfatórios: em quatro (0,77%) devido à morte - e em quatro devido à remoção dos sistemas da coluna por causa de supuração. Nível de Evidência IV; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la estructura de las complicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico de la estenosis lumbar degenerativa y analizar su efecto sobre los resultados y las indicaciones para las operaciones de revisión. Métodos: En 2009-2013 513 pacientes con estenosis lumbar de etiología degenerativa fueron tratados quirúrgicamente. Hubo 205 hombres, 308 mujeres, de 23 a 74 años. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron radiculopatía por compresión persistente, dolor crónico en la espalda y las extremidades inferiores, y dificultades para caminar. La intensidad del dolor fue evaluada por EVA. En el momento de la hospitalización, la EVA tenía 55-90 puntos. Resultados: Entre los 513 pacientes operados, 65 (12,67%) tuvieron complicaciones en el período postoperatorio temprano (hasta tres meses después de la operación); hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias en 26 (5,1%) pacientes; lesión duramadre intraoperatoria ocurrió en 24 (4,67%); embolia pulmonar (EP) se presentó en dos pacientes (0,39%); hubo 39 pacientes con complicaciones postoperatorias tempranas; en 22 (4,28%) radiculopatía aguda y en 17 (3,31%) complicaciones en la herida. Conclusiones: Liquorrea, hematomas postoperatorios y la radiculopatía aguda no tuvieron efecto negativo en los resultados del tratamiento en ninguno dos casos. En el período postoperatorio temprano se registraron cuatro (0,77%) muertes intraoperatorias y en dos (0,39%) casos se trató de una PE intraoperatoria. Dos casos (0,39%) resultaron en sepsis y falla orgánica múltiple. Se observaron resultados de tratamiento insatisfactorios en ocho (1,55%) pacientes: en 4 (0,77%) - debido a la muerte, y en cuatro (0,77%) - debido a eliminación del sistema por la espina dorsal debido a supuración. Nivel de evidencia IV; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Periodo Posoperatorio , Dolor Crónico , Estenosis Espinal , Columna Vertebral/cirugía , SupuraciónRESUMEN
We demonstrate that measurements of the photo-electromagnetic effect using terahertz laser radiation provide an argument for the existence of highly conductive surface electron states with a spin texture in Dirac semimetals (Cd1-x Zn x )3As2. We performed a study on a range of (Cd1-x Zn x )3As2 mixed crystals undergoing a transition from the Dirac semimetal phase with an inverse electron energy spectrum to trivial a semiconductor with a direct spectrum in the crystal bulk by varying the composition x. We show that for the Dirac semimetal phase, the photo-electromagnetic effect amplitude is defined by the number of incident radiation quanta, whereas for the trivial semiconductor phase, it depends on the laser pulse power, irrespective of wavelength. We assume that such behavior is attributed to a strong damping of the interelectron interaction in the Dirac semimetal phase compared to the trivial semiconductor, which may be due to the formation of surface electron states with a spin texture in Dirac semimetals.
RESUMEN
To solve the pattern recognition problem, a method of synthesized phase objects is suggested. The essence of the suggested method is that synthesized phase objects are used instead of real amplitude objects. The former is object-dependent phase distributions calculated using the iterative Fourier-transform (IFT) algorithm. The method is experimentally studied with a Vander Lugt optical-digital 4F-correlator. We present the comparative analysis of recognition results using conventional and proposed methods, estimate the sensitivity of the latter to distortions of the structure of objects, and determine the applicability limits. It is demonstrated that the proposed method allows one: (а) to simplify the procedure of choice of recognition signs (criteria); (b) to obtain one-type δ-like recognition signals irrespective of the type of objects; (Ñ) to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for correlation signals by 20 - 30 dB on average. The spatial separation of the Fourier-spectra of objects and optical noises of the correlator by means of the superposition of the phase grating on recognition objects at the recording of holographic filters and at the matched filtering has additionally improved SNR (>10 dB) for correlation signals. To introduce recognition objects in the correlator, we use a SLM LC-R 2500 device. Matched filters are recorded on a self-developing photopolymer.
RESUMEN
Two object-dependent filters (an amplitude and a phase filter) are used in the object plane on the iterative calculation of a kinoform instead of a single (phase) filter as usual. The amplitude filter is a system of weight coefficients that vary in the process of iterations and control the amplitude of an input object. The advantages of the proposed method over other ones are confirmed by computer-based experiments. It is found that the method is most efficient for binary objects.
RESUMEN
Two iterative methods for the calculation of double-phase holograms (DPHs) are described. The calculation of DPHs by any of these methods allows one to qualitatively reconstruct the amplitude and phase of a wavefront on a format up to 50% of the spatial size of a reconstruction order (in the previous methods, this format was Asunto(s)
Óptica y Fotónica
, Algoritmos
, Computadores
, Difusión
, Análisis de Fourier
, Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador
, Luz
, Modelos Estadísticos
, Programas Informáticos
RESUMEN
We have reported that Gram-negative organisms decorated with rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are particularly susceptible to the direct antimicrobial actions of the pulmonary collectins, surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D). In this study, we examined the lipid and LPS components required for the permeabilizing effects of the collectins on model bacterial membranes. Liposomes composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), with or without rough Escherichia coli LPS (J5), smooth E. coli LPS (B5), or cholesterol, were loaded with self-quenching probes and exposed to native or oxidatively modified SP-A. Fluorescence that resulted from permeabilization of liposomes and diffusion of dyes was assessed by microscopy or fluorimetry. Human SP-A and melittin increased the permeability of J5 LPS/POPE liposomes, but not B5 LPS/POPE liposomes or control (POPE only) liposomes. At a human SP-A concentration of 100 microg/mL, the permeability of the J5 LPS/POPE membranes increased 4.4-fold (p < 0.02) compared to the control with no added SP-A. Rat SP-A and SP-D also permeabilized the J5-containing liposomes. Incorporation of cholesterol into J5 LPS/POPE liposomes at a POPE:cholesterol molar ratio of 1:0.15 blocked human SP-A or melittin-induced permeability (p < 0.05) compared to cholesterol-free liposomes. Exposure of human SP-A to surfactant lipid peroxidation blocked the permeabilizing activity of the protein. We conclude that SP-A permeabilizes phospholipid membranes in an LPS-dependent and rough LPS-specific manner, that the effect is neither SP-A- nor species-specific, and that oxidative damage to SP-A abolishes its membrane destabilizing properties. Incorporation of cholesterol into the membrane enhances resistance to permeabilization by SP-A, most likely by increasing the packing density and membrane rigidity.
Asunto(s)
Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colectinas/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Animales , Calcio/metabolismo , Calcio/farmacología , Colesterol/metabolismo , Colesterol/farmacología , Colectinas/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Colorantes Fluorescentes/metabolismo , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Liposomas/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Antígenos O/metabolismo , Antígenos O/farmacología , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/metabolismo , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/metabolismo , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/farmacología , Proteína D Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/metabolismo , Proteína D Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/farmacología , RatasRESUMEN
We have reported that surfactant protein A kills some Gram-negative organisms by increasing membrane permeability. In this study, we investigated the physiologic importance of this activity and the effect of oxidative stress on the antimicrobial functions of SP-A in vitro and in vivo. Concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from SP-A+/+ mice increased the permeability of the Escherichia coli K12 cell membrane to a greater extent than lavage from SP-A-/- animals. Similarly, calcium-dependent surfactant-binding proteins of SP-A+/+ mice increased membrane permeability more than those from SP-A-/- mice and produced greater zonal killing of agar-embedded bacteria in a radial diffusion assay. Exposure of human SP-A to copper-initiated surfactant phospholipid peroxidation or to free radicals generated by human neutrophils in vitro increased the level of SP-A-associated carbonyl moieties and blocked the permeabilizing function of the protein. We also found that exposure of mice to 90% O2 for 4 days, sufficient to lead to consumption of glutathione, oxidation of protein thiols, and accumulation of airspace protein-associated carbonyl moieties, blocked the permeabilizing activity of lavage fluid from SP-A+/+ mice. We conclude that SP-A is a major microbial permeablizing factor in lavage fluid and that oxidative stress inhibits the antibacterial activity of SP-A by a mechanism that includes oxidative modification and functional inactivation of the protein.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Neumonía/metabolismo , Proteinosis Alveolar Pulmonar/metabolismo , Alveolos Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/metabolismo , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Calcio/metabolismo , Colectinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperoxia/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Ratones , Ratones Mutantes , Oxidación-Reducción , Permeabilidad , Alveolos Pulmonares/microbiología , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/genéticaRESUMEN
Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) is a facultative intracellular fungal pathogen that causes acute and chronic pneumonia. In this study, we investigated the role of the pulmonary collectins, surfactant proteins (SP) A and D, in the clearance of Hc yeast from the lung. Exposure of yeast to either collectin induced a dose-dependent decrease in [3H]leucine incorporation by several strains of Hc. This decrement was attributed to killing of the collectin-exposed yeast since it failed to grow on agar medium. Exposure to SP-A or -D resulted in increased yeast permeability based on a leak of protein from the organism and enhanced access of an impermeant substrate to intracellular alkaline phosphatase. Inbred and outbred SP-A null (-/-) mice were modestly more susceptible to pulmonary infection with Hc than strain and age-matched SP-A (+/+) control mice. The increase in susceptibility was associated with a decrement in the number of CD8+ cells in the lungs of SP-A-/- mice. Neither SP-A nor SP-D inhibited the growth of macrophage-internalized Hc. We conclude that the SP-A and SP-D are antimicrobial proteins that directly inhibit the growth of Hc by increasing permeability of the organism and that Hc gains asylum from collectin-mediated killing by rapid entry into pulmonary macrophages.
Asunto(s)
Pulmón/citología , Pulmón/microbiología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Agar/farmacología , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Alelos , Animales , División Celular , Colectinas/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Citometría de Flujo , Histoplasma/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucocitos/microbiología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Ratones Transgénicos , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/fisiología , Proteína D Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Bazo/metabolismo , Células Madre/metabolismo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The pulmonary collectins, surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D), have been reported to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS), opsonize microorganisms, and enhance the clearance of lung pathogens. In this study, we examined the effect of SP-A and SP-D on the growth and viability of Gram-negative bacteria. The pulmonary clearance of Escherichia coli K12 was reduced in SP-A-null mice and was increased in SP-D-overexpressing mice, compared with strain-matched wild-type controls. Purified SP-A and SP-D inhibited bacterial synthetic functions of several, but not all, strains of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter aerogenes. In general, rough E. coli strains were more susceptible than smooth strains, and collectin-mediated growth inhibition was partially blocked by coincubation with rough LPS vesicles. Although both SP-A and SP-D agglutinated E. coli K12 in a calcium-dependent manner, microbial growth inhibition was independent of bacterial aggregation. At least part of the antimicrobial activity of SP-A and SP-D was localized to their C-terminal domains using truncated recombinant proteins. Incubation of E. coli K12 with SP-A or SP-D increased bacterial permeability. Deletion of the E. coli OmpA gene from a collectin-resistant smooth E. coli strain enhanced SP-A and SP-D-mediated growth inhibition. These data indicate that SP-A and SP-D are antimicrobial proteins that directly inhibit the proliferation of Gram-negative bacteria in a macrophage- and aggregation-independent manner by increasing the permeability of the microbial cell membrane.
Asunto(s)
Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/farmacología , Proteína D Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/farmacología , Animales , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/microbiología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colectinas/farmacología , Dactinomicina/farmacocinética , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Colorantes Fluorescentes/farmacocinética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Bacterias Gramnegativas/genética , Bacterias Gramnegativas/metabolismo , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C3H , Ratones Noqueados , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/deficiencia , Proteína A Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/genética , Proteína D Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/biosíntesis , Proteína D Asociada a Surfactante Pulmonar/genética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/metabolismoRESUMEN
The N-terminal domains of the lung collectins, surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D), are critical for surfactant phospholipid interactions and surfactant homeostasis, respectively. To further assess the importance of lung collectin N-terminal domains in surfactant structure and function, a chimeric SP-D/SP-A (D/A) gene was constructed by substituting nucleotides encoding amino acids Asn(1)-Ala(7) of rat SP-A with the corresponding N-terminal sequences from rat SP-D, Ala(1)-Asn(25). Recombinant D/A migrated as a 35-kDa band on reducing SDS-PAGE and as a ladder of disulfide-linked multimers under nonreducing conditions. The recombinant D/A bound and aggregated phosphatidylcholine containing vesicles as effectively as rat SP-A. Mice in which endogenous pulmonary collectins were replaced with D/A were developed by human SP-C promoter-driven overexpression of the D/A gene in SP-A(-/-) and SP-D(-/-) animals. Analysis of lavage fluid from SP-A(-/-,D/A) mice revealed that glycosylated, oligomeric D/A was secreted into the air spaces at levels that were comparable with the authentic collectins and that the N-terminal interchange converted SP-A from a "bouquet" to a cruciform configuration. Transmission electron microscopy of surfactant from the SP-A(-/-,D/A) mice revealed atypical tubular myelin containing central "target-like" electron density. Surfactant isolated from SP-A(-/-,D/A) mice exhibited elevated surface tension both in the presence and absence of plasma inhibitors, but whole lung compliance of the SP-A(-/-,D/A) animals was not different from the SP-A(-/-) littermates. Lung-specific overexpression of D/A in the SPD(-/-) mouse resulted in hetero-oligomer formation with mouse SP-A and did not correct the air space dilation or phospholipidosis that occurs in the absence of SP-D. These studies indicate that the N terminus of SP-D 1) can functionally replace the N terminus of SP-A for lipid aggregation and tubular myelin formation, but not for surface tension lowering properties of SP-A, and 2) is not sufficient to reverse the structural and metabolic pulmonary defects in the SP-D(-/-) mouse.