RESUMEN
The tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus, 1758), Triglidae, is an opportunistic, demersal carnivorous fish. Data on the digestive enzymes of tub gurnard have not been reported in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the distribution and intensity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase, and aminopeptidase in the digestive tract of tub gurnard. To investigate data about those enzymes tissue samples of the esophagus, anterior and posterior part of the stomach, pyloric caeca, anterior, middle and posterior part of the intestine proper, and rectum were taken. Azo-coupling methods were used to detect the enzymatic reactions. The intensities of the reactions were measured using ImageJ software. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and non-specific esterase activities were found in all parts of the digestive tract. The brush border of the pyloric caeca and intestine proper were the main sites of alkaline phosphatase reaction, with intensity decreasing toward the posterior parts of the digestive tract. The high intensities of acid phosphatase were found in the epithelium of the anterior part of the stomach, pyloric caeca, anterior part of the intestine proper, and in the rectum. The intensity of non-specific esterase was mainly increased from the anterior to the posterior parts of the digestive tract. Aminopeptidase activity was found in the esophagus, pyloric caeca, and intestine proper. Our results suggest that the entire digestive tract of the tub gurnard is involved in the digestion and absorption of dietary components.
Asunto(s)
Fosfatasa Alcalina , Perciformes , Animales , Carboxilesterasa , Tracto Gastrointestinal , Fosfatasa Ácida , Aminopeptidasas , DigestiónRESUMEN
Metal-handling strategies of various fish species are known to vary significantly in association with their intracellular metal behaviour. Thus, to better understand the possible consequences of increased metal exposure in fish it is important to perform comparative studies on metal-binding biomolecules in organs of different species. This study was the first of this kind on a liver of an esocid fish (northern pike, Esox lucius), and the gathered information were compared to fish belonging to three other families, Leuciscidae, Cyprinidae and Salmonidae. Distributions of ten elements among cytosolic biomolecules of different molecular masses were studied by size exclusion HPLC combined offline with high resolution ICP-MS. The results indicated predominant association of Co, Fe and Mo to high molecular mass biomolecules (>100 kDa), of Zn and Bi to both high and medium molecular mass biomolecules (>30 kDa), of Mn and Se to medium molecular mass biomolecules (30-100 kDa), and Ag, Cd and Cu to low molecular mass biomolecules (10-30 kDa), presumably metallothioneins. Evident binding to metallothioneins was also detected for Zn and Bi. For several metals, distinct differences were observed when cytosolic metal distributions of northern pike were compared to leuciscids, salmonids and cyprinids. More pronounced Zn binding to metallothioneins was recorded in leuciscids and cyprinids than both esocids and salmonids, whereas cytosolic Mn and Se distributions clearly differed between all studied fish families. Accordingly, in assessment of metal pollution it is vital to consider the exposed species, which requires prior comprehensive comparative research on numerous aquatic organisms.
Asunto(s)
Cyprinidae , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Animales , Cyprinidae/metabolismo , Esocidae/metabolismo , Humanos , Hígado/metabolismo , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Metales/metabolismo , Metales/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
An investigation has been made within the expertise regarding teeth of 10 left halves of mandibles of recent sows as well as teeth of 18 pig mandibles originating from Kostolac culture (3,250-3,000 B.C.) from Vucedol archaeological location. TWS (Tooth Wear Stage) has been determined at all molars, according to Grant method and a corresponding numerical equivalent has been added, so MWS (Mandibular Wear Stage) has been obtained by summing up the above. On the basis of these values and ranges of MWS, an approximate age at the time of death has been determined for each unit. All the recent units have been older than 17 months, while the age of Kostolac units has come out to be between 14 and 17 months.
Asunto(s)
Porcinos , Diente/anatomía & histología , Animales , Croacia , Femenino , Historia Antigua , PaleodontologíaRESUMEN
Archaeologists, in most cases, neglect animal bones and teeth, which present common material on archaeological sites. Analysis of archaeozoological material from Vucedol (Baden culture) and prehistoric cave site Vela spila on Korcula, has been applied to stress the importance of that material (especially single animal teeth) in archaeozoological samples. It is obvious that a higher percentage of single teeth influence the number of identified animal species on particular sites. One species were identified only by teeth. For the reconstruction of the environment and behavior of ancient peoples, every evidence obtained from sites is important, and because of that sieving must be part of every excavation.