RESUMEN
Bisphenol A (BPA) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that interact with the human pregnane X receptor (PXR). CYP3A4 enzyme is essential in the hydroxylation of steroid hormones and is regulated by PXR. In the present study, human and rat hepatoma cell lines were exposed to BPA and DES. Both BPA and DES (10-50µM) caused a significant activation of the CYP3A4 promoter via the PXR in the DPX2 human hepatoma cell line. No activation of rat PXR was seen. BPA and DES treated DPX2 cells demonstrated increased expression of CYP3A4 mRNA, and increased enzyme activity. In summary, BPA, in concentrations relevant to current safety levels of human exposure, activates the human PXR and demonstrates an increase in CYP3A4 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. BPA actions in this model system occur to a greater extent than DES. This study raises concerns regarding our current toxicity testing paradigms and species utilization.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidad , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/biosíntesis , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/biosíntesis , Dietilestilbestrol/toxicidad , Disruptores Endocrinos/toxicidad , Fenoles/toxicidad , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/genética , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Inducción Enzimática , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Microsomas Hepáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Receptor X de Pregnano , Ratas , Receptores de Esteroides/metabolismo , Pruebas de ToxicidadRESUMEN
Eight premenopausal women with cancer had blood drawn for analysis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) before and 3 months after receiving chemotherapy. Unlike MIS, BDNF levels were not reduced after chemotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Hormona Antimülleriana/sangre , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangre , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Premenopausia/sangre , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Análisis por Apareamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/sangre , Neoplasias/rehabilitación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective. To estimate if there is a relationship between the results of tests of neurocognition and performance on a laparoscopic surgery simulator. Methods and Materials. Twenty participants with no prior laparoscopic experience had baseline cognitive tests administered (Trail Making Test, Part A and B (TMT-A and TMT-B), Grooved Peg Board Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Symbol Digit Recall Test, and Stroop Interference Test), completed a demographic questionnaire, and then performed laparoscopy using a simulator. We correlated the results of cognitive tests with laparoscopic surgical performance. Results. One cognitive test sensitive to frontal lobe function, TMT-A, significantly correlated with laparoscopic surgical performance on the simulator (correlation coefficient of 0.534 with P < .05). However, the correlation between performance and other cognitive tests (TMT-B, Grooved Peg Board Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Symbol Digit Recall Test, and Stroop Interference Test) was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Laparoscopic performance may be related to measures of frontal lobe function. Neurocognitive tests may predict motor skills abilities and performance on laparoscopic simulator.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pregnant women are a high-risk group for morbidity and mortality from influenza. During the current pandemic of H1N1 influenza, few cases of H1N1 have been reported in pregnancy. CASES: We report two cases of H1N1 influenza which occurred in single institution in the course of one month. The first patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, required intubation, and eventually died. The second patient had influenza H1N1 that did not have any major sequela. CONCLUSION: H1N1 influenza in pregnancy can be associated with severe complications. Widespread vaccination, when available, prompt diagnosis, and adequate treatment with antiviral medications when infection occurs are required.