RESUMEN
In spite of intensive antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy, most patients with acute radiation sickness I-IV severity grade (dose of 0.1-13.7 Gy) developed infections caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Frequency and intensity of those infections were proportional to the radiation dose and severity grade of radiation sickness.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/etiología , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Micosis/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/complicaciones , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Virosis/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Bacterianas/epidemiología , Infecciones Bacterianas/microbiología , Preescolar , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Incidencia , Micosis/epidemiología , Micosis/microbiología , Síndrome , Índices de Gravedad del Trauma , Ucrania/epidemiología , Virosis/epidemiología , Virosis/virología , Virus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
In experiments with two species of animals (dogs, guinea pigs) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-rays, it was observed, that leucynferon had antiradiation effect. Course of injections: dogs--8 injections subcutaneus: 2.0 ml (1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 14, 21, 34 days after irradiation); guinea pigs--14 injections subcutaneus, 0.2 ml (1-14 days after irradiation). Therapeutical effect was explained by capacity of the preparation to defend the hemopoietic organs from the radiation and to stimulate hemopoiesis. Leucynferon hindered the development of acute radiation sickness symptoms. Immunoreactivity of dogs and guinea pigs in experimental group was more complete and restored faster. The growth of the automicroflora on the skin was restrained. Production of interferon-gamma (which is a function of T-lymphocytes) was restored faster.
Asunto(s)
Citocinas/farmacología , Interferón Tipo I/farmacología , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Animales , Citocinas/administración & dosificación , Perros , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Cobayas , Interferón Tipo I/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Protectores contra Radiación/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The experiments with AKR mice, that are carriers of the T-cell leukemia virus showed their higher radiosensitivity as compared to (CBA x C57Bl)F1 mice in respect of survival and hemopoietic status. The regular patterns observed are presumed to result from lower ability of AKR mice to repair radiation damage and provide resistance to infections.
Asunto(s)
Portador Sano/virología , Sistema Hematopoyético/efectos de la radiación , Virus de la Leucemia Murina , Leucemia Experimental/virología , Infecciones por Retroviridae/virología , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/virología , Animales , Portador Sano/congénito , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Leucemia Experimental/congénito , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos AKR , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Tolerancia a Radiación , Infecciones por Retroviridae/congénito , Especificidad de la Especie , Infecciones Tumorales por Virus/congénitoRESUMEN
In experiments with three species of animals (mice, rabbits, monkeys) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-irradiation, it was observed, that leukinferon used in 4 hours or 10 days after provided antiradiation therapeutical effect. When lethal dose was used (mice) the survival of animals was significantly increased. The preparation decreased depression of the functional activity of leukocytes as it was observed with IFH-alpha and gamma-production. Pestoring this function was accelerated. Phenomena pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by radiation were decreased. Therapeutical effect was explained with capacity of the preparation to defence the hemopoietic organs from the radiation and to stimulate hematopoiesis. So, spleen weights and quantity of cells into bone marrow were higher in experimental group in comparison with control at any observation. CFUs were also higher (with optimal dose of preparation). Stimulation of the restoring processes was confirmed also by more intensive increasing of the reticulocyte quantities in the circulation of experimental monkeys within 20 days. Then their level became more close in both groups. The preparation stimulated also differentiation of immune effectors: immature neutrophils were absent in the circulation of experimental monkeys. Production of IFN-gamma (which is function of T-lymphocytes) was restored more fast. As a result, immunoreactivity of monkeys in experimental group was more complete and restored faster: the growth of the automicroflora on the skin surface became to increase 7 days later and was restrained. Leukinferon hindered the development of acute radiation sickness symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Citocinas/uso terapéutico , Interferón Tipo I/uso terapéutico , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Protectores contra Radiación , Enfermedad Aguda , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Citocinas/administración & dosificación , Combinación de Medicamentos , Haplorrinos , Hematopoyesis/efectos de los fármacos , Hematopoyesis/efectos de la radiación , Interferón Tipo I/administración & dosificación , Interferón-alfa/inmunología , Interferón gamma/inmunología , Ratones , Conejos , Dosis de Radiación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/sangre , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/inmunología , Piel/microbiología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/efectos de la radiación , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Factores de TiempoAsunto(s)
Americio/administración & dosificación , Colon/microbiología , Aditivos Alimentarios , Intoxicación por Plomo/metabolismo , Pectinas/farmacología , Plutonio/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Animales , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Esterificación , Plomo/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Levaduras/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Different methods of prophylactic treatment with influenza virus vaccine increase survival of irradiated mice and hamsters by 25-55% as compared to unprotected ones. Higher radioresistance occurs in the same time intervals as a rise of interferon in the blood after immunization with influenza virus vaccine.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la Influenza/uso terapéutico , Inductores de Interferón/uso terapéutico , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Animales , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Cricetinae , Perros , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/sangre , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/mortalidad , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
It was shown in experiments with mice and dogs that bacterial preparations (vaccinum proteus, prodigiosanum, bificolum and bificolum-f) administered before or after gamma-irradiation have a stimulating effect on hemopoiesis. It is supposed that bacterial polysaccharides play an important role in this action.
Asunto(s)
Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Hematopoyesis/efectos de los fármacos , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/terapia , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Vacunas Bacterianas/uso terapéutico , Bacteriocinas/uso terapéutico , Perros , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Ratones , Prodigiozán/uso terapéutico , Proteus/inmunología , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/sangre , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Basing on assessment of skin microflora in 3186 apparently health able-bodied individuals and on subsequent study of acute morbidity, the authors revealed direct dependence between these parameters: only 3.4% of people with normal level of microflora became ill during 1 month after the examination, the value of those with higher level was 15.5%. Therefore the skin microflora test could serve for prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Piel/microbiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedad Crónica , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Moscú , Pronóstico , Enfermedades Respiratorias/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Humoral and cellular factors of the immune system of 133 subjects injured in the Chernobyl accident were studied during first 1.5-2 months after radiation, 5-17 months and 3 years after they suffered acute radiation sickness (I-IV degree). Significant disorders in the immune system correlating with the severity of the disease were recorded. In late terms certain shifts persisted in the immune status of subjects who had suffered acute radiation sickness, II and III degree.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de la radiación , Reactores Nucleares , Traumatismos por Radiación/inmunología , Humanos , Factores de Tiempo , UcraniaRESUMEN
As many as 138 patients with acute radiation sickness, grades O-IV, were examined over time. It has been revealed that disorders in microecology and humoral immunity agreed well with the severity of radiation damage.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes , Reactores Nucleares , Traumatismos por Radiación , Enfermedad Aguda , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Eritrocitos/inmunología , Escherichia coli/inmunología , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Traumatismos por Radiación/inmunología , Traumatismos por Radiación/microbiología , Piel/microbiología , Factores de Tiempo , UcraniaRESUMEN
In experiments with CBA and CBA X C57Bl(F-1) mice it was shown that the radio-protective efficacy and the anti-infectious influence of homo- and heterologous immunoglobulin (IG) applied one, two and three times in the period from 4h to 9 days following irradiation with doses of LD80-95/30. This was displayed by the increased survival rate and normalization of intestinal microflora in treated animals in comparison with untreated ones. Heterologous IG administered at varying times (5 to 20 days) after irradiation with the dose of 4.8 Gy increased the resistance of treated mice to infection with living E. coli culture.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/prevención & control , Inmunoglobulinas/administración & dosificación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Animales , Infecciones Bacterianas/etiología , Radioisótopos de Cesio , Rayos gamma , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/complicaciones , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Partial X-irradiation of the hind part of mouse body with a dose of 12 Gy (LD15/30) was shown to produce a pronounced harmful effect on the clinico-hematologic and immuno-microbiological characteristics that could be coped with by a single subcutaneous injection of homologous immunoglobulin (200 mg/kg) 2 h following irradiation.
Asunto(s)
Inmunización Pasiva , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Animales , Inmunidad , Recuento de Leucocitos , Ratones , Boca/microbiología , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/sangre , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/microbiología , Piel/microbiologíaRESUMEN
It has been demonstrated in experiments on 2160 CBA mice and mice of mixed breed, irradiated by LD90/30, that therapeutical administration (subcutaneous or intraperitoneal) of immunoglobulins - homologous (polyglobulin, IgG, IgM) or heterologous - polyglobulin, IgG (from human, equine, canine blood) repeated three times, i.e., 2, 24 and 48 hours after irradiation, not only induces longer survival, but also shows a normalizing effect on the commonly developing dysbacteriosis and increased amount of intestinal microflora and, in addition, leads to suppression of postirradiation endogenous infection. Enterobacteria, enterococci, staphylococci, yeasts, disappear from the small intestine or their quantity decreases substantially in treated irradiated mice in contrast to untreated irradiated mice. In the large intestine, the amount of these organisms decreases considerably while the content of lactobacteria increases; no microbes can be found in the internal organs and in blood (or their content is small). Other conditions being equal, homologous immunoglobulins are more efficient in comparison with heterologous, this applying also to preparations containing normal antibodies to tissues.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/terapia , Inmunización Pasiva , Intestinos/microbiología , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/complicaciones , Animales , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Infecciones Bacterianas/etiología , Femenino , Inmunoglobulina G/uso terapéutico , Inmunoglobulina M/uso terapéutico , Intestino Grueso/microbiología , Intestino Delgado/microbiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
In this work the authors propose three ways of increasing the radioprotective efficiency of immunoglobulin: in vitro irradiation with gamma-quanta (60Co, 20,000 Gy), increasing the time of storage of whole blood (raw material for immunoglobulin production) up to 5-7 days at +4 degrees C, and the application of immunoglobulin with antibiotics. In experiments in vitro it was first shown that a combination of immunoglobulin with gentamicin exerted a pronounced bactericidal effect on E. coli. The effect was absent with immunoglobulin and markedly less pronounced with gentamicin used separately.
Asunto(s)
Inmunización Pasiva/métodos , Inmunoglobulinas/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/terapia , Animales , Conservación de la Sangre , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Técnicas In Vitro , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Irradiación Corporal TotalRESUMEN
In experiments on Wistar rats it was shown that homologous immunoglobulin (a single dose of 25 mg/kg), with normal antitissue antibodies, subcutaneously injected in the following manner: a single injection 90 days or 6 months, or double injection 3 and 6 months after intraperitoneal administration of strontium 90 (11.1 kBq/kg) reduces osteosarcoma occurrence and increases the average lifetime of animals.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiidiotipos/administración & dosificación , Inmunización Pasiva , Inmunoglobulinas/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/terapia , Osteosarcoma/terapia , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/efectos adversos , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/inmunología , Osteosarcoma/etiología , Osteosarcoma/inmunología , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
Experiments on 2,520 CBA mice (CBA X X C57BL) F1 nice have shown that the injection of homologous serum immunoglobulins (obtained from intact and blood-stimulated animals), made 2 hours after gamma irradiation from a 60Co source, prevents the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis and endogenous infection. The injection of mouse and human immunoglobulins to nonirradiated mice improved their resistance to experimental infection with Escherichia coli live culture, increased the expression of receptors to the Fc-fragments of IgG in peritoneal macrophages and enhanced the physical working capacity of the animals. The preparations containing normal antitissular antibodies have proved to be particularly effective. In mice, rabbits and dogs the preparations under test have produced no changes in the general state of the animals, no local reactions and no disturbances in the cardiovascular activity.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoglobulinas/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos/análisis , Reacciones Antígeno-Anticuerpo/efectos de la radiación , Perros , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/terapia , Rayos gamma , Humanos , Inmunización Pasiva , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Conejos , Receptores Fc/inmunología , Receptores Fc/efectos de la radiación , Factores de Tiempo , gammaglobulinas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The therapeutic application of native and in vitro exposed (20000 Gy immunoglobulins of horse blood serum increased the survival of irradiated (LD75-95) animals, normalized the quantitative and qualitative status of the small intestine microflora and prevented enterobacteria from penetrating the internal organs. The irradiated preparations were more active than native ones.