RESUMEN
Artificial impermeable surfaces are becoming more prevalent, especially in urban areas, as a result of shifting land use and cover, roads, roofs, etc. The modification of land surface temperature (LST) can also be accomplished through artificially impermeable surfaces. Large artificial impermeable surfaces, such as rooftops, parking lots, and other areas of use, can be found in industrial zones, shopping malls, industrial airports, and other locations. For the Anatolian side of Istanbul, 14 Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS imagery images over the years 2016-2022 were investigated. To evaluate how well the study's images could be utilized, correlation and cosine similarity approaches were employed. A total of 12 images may be employed for research LST studies, it was discovered. We looked at closure dates during the COVID-19 epidemic to find out how human migration affected the LST. In addition, the LST value was estimated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method employing LST and other biophysical indices. A decrease in LST values was seen as a result of the investigation. High levels of similarity and correlation were found between the images used. Results from the Google Mobility Index also provide support to the study. All of these facts provide support to Istanbul's Anatolian side experiencing lower surface temperature values, which consequently affects the city's massive structures.
RESUMEN
This study was conducted to examine the land cover (LC)/land use (LU) change affecting forest and seminatural ecosystems and the spatio-temporal development of urban expansion between 1990 and 2018 in the city of Istanbul, where urbanization is the most intense in Turkey. For this purpose, using Corine Land Cover (1990, 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2018) dataset, the land cover of the area was determined in 5 different classes (artificial surface, agriculture, forest, water bodies, water), maps were produced, and tabular data were created. The changes in LC/LU between 1990 and 2018 were determined according to the Puyravaud land cover change rate and hot spot analysis methods. According to our findings, we determined that urbanization in Istanbul expanded the most in the east-west direction, and the agricultural and forest areas gradually decreased by 3.02% and 6.66% respectively; urban areas increased at the same rate of 9.69%. It is predicted that this change will continue increasing until 2030 when the forecasting method is applied in the field. It has been determined that the most important reasons for this situation are local government policies, population growth, and economic development initiatives applied in the area. As a result, it has emerged that measures should be taken based on sustainability and naturalness approaches to design urban development plans and to protect natural areas on a large scale, in order to limit possible LC/LU conversion from natural structure to urbanization in the area.