RESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcohol extract (TCAE, Theranekron) and Sorafenib (S) treatments on carcinogenesis, apoptosis and biochemical profile of rats with experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the presented study, 58 male rats were divided into 7 groups; Negative Control (NC, n = 6), NC + TCAE (NCT, n = 6), NC + Sorafenib (NCS, n = 6), Positive Control (PC, n = 10), Positive Control + TCAE (PCT, n = 10), Positive Control + Sorafenib (PCS, n = 10), Positive Control + TCAE + Sorafenib (PCTS, n = 10). The active ingredients Diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 120 mg/kg, single dose) and Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR, 50 ppm, 21 weeks orally) were used to induce HCC in rats. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized under appropriate conditions and samples were collected for biochemical and pathological investigations. In the PC group, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels were higher (p < 0.001) and urea levels were lower (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. Treatment groups reorganized the relevant markers (ALT, AST, GGT, and urea). A significant increase was detected in Caspase-10, Caspase-3 and Granzyme-B (GrzB) (p < 0.001) in blood and Caspase-10 and GrzB (p < 0.05) in liver tissue in PCT, PCS and PCTS groups compared to the PC group. Histopathological examination revealed that the PC group showed cancer morphology, and the treatment groups caused a decrease in tumor incidence and size. Our current findings suggest that the mechanism of action of TCAE in HCC is through the NKs/CTLs-GrzB-Casp10-Casp3 signaling pathway and can be used in combination with chemotherapy drugs for the development of future drug designs.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Dietilnitrosamina , Sorafenib , Animales , Sorafenib/farmacología , Masculino , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/inducido químicamente , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Dietilnitrosamina/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentales/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Ratas , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Nitrosaminas/toxicidadRESUMEN
In this study, live weight, live weight gain, plasma GPx, GR, LDH, ALT activities, triglyceride, total protein, albumin and LPO levels, also liver and brain SOD and GPx activities were investigated after administration of boron (0.10, 0.20 and 0.30â¯mg/day) into male mice with drinking water for 60 days. Blood albumin and triglyceride levels were not affected with boron (pâ¯>â¯0.05) where triglyceride levels, with increasing amounts of boron, displayed a slight decrease within the normal ranges. From the antioxidant-oxidant balance parameters, LPO and GR levels were not affected from boron, where GPx activity was increased significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.001) comparing the groups of boron and control. LDH and ALT activities were affected significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.001) with decreased ALT and increased LDH levels with increasing amounts of boron. In regards of liver and brain GPx and SOD activities, significant increases were determined. Liver GPx and SOD activities were increased within the groups with the increasing amount of boron, where in brain, SOD (pâ¯<â¯0.05) was affected significantly but GPx (pâ¯>â¯0.05) displayed a gradual insignificant increase. As regards live weight gain, a gradual increase was determined during experimental period, but only the 45th day, the increase was statistically significant (pâ¯<â¯0.05). It is suggested that, new studies on the effects of different doses and compounds of boron in laboratory animals in regards of antioxidant and metabolic effects may be helpful for the understanding of the subject.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Boro/farmacología , Animales , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Reductasa/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim was to investigate the changes in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, and muscle damage in the same and different exercise intensities during walking and running. Fourteen healthy males participated in this study. The subjects' individual preferred walk-to-run transition speeds (WRTS) were determined. Each subject covered a 1.5-mile distance for 4 exercise tests; walking (WRTS-W) and running (WRTS-R) tests at WRTS, 2 kmxh-1 slower walking than WRTS (WRTS-2) and 2 kmxh-1 faster running than WRTS (WRTS+2). Blood samples were taken pre, immediately, and 30 minutes post each test. The changes in (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and creatine kinase activities were measured. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight, and heart rate during exercises were significantly higher in both the WRTS-W and the WRTS+2 exercises compared with the WRTS-2 and WRTS-R. Oxygen consumption and energy expenditure were higher in walking than in the running exercise at the preferred WRTS and only WRTS-W exercise significantly increased MDA levels. Catalase activities were increased by WRTS-W, WRTS-R, and WRTS+2 exercises. Changes in SOD and CAT activities were not different between walking and running exercises at the preferred WRTS. Total plasma GSH increased in response to WRTS-W exercise, which could be associated with an increase in MDA. Also, total GSH levels 30 minutes postexercise were significantly lower than postexercise in WRTS-2, WRTS-W, and WRTS+2 exercises. Our results indicate that walking and running exercises at the preferred WRTS have different oxidative stress and antioxidant responses.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/fisiología , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Carrera/fisiología , Caminata/fisiología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catalasa/fisiología , Creatina Quinasa/fisiología , Glutatión/sangre , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Consumo de Oxígeno/fisiología , Superóxido Dismutasa/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It has been difficult to determine, from the published literature, whether men or women have higher levels of exercise-induced oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare variations between the sexes in lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after 3 different running exercises performed at the same speed. METHODS: Eligible participants were healthy university students of both sexes. The participants performed running exercise tests at distances of 800, 1500, and 3000 m at a speed of 10 km/h. Blood samples were taken from the participants just before and immediately after the running activities to determine LPO, SOD, CAT, GR, and LDH, and these measures were compared both before and after exercise and between the sexes. RESULTS: A total of 17 young and healthy, but not physically trained, students (n = 8 men; mean age, 22.00 years; n = 9 women; mean age, 21.78 years) participated in this study. Height, weight, and maximum oxygen consumption values were significantly higher in men than in women (P = 0.01). Significant gender effects were found in LPO levels at 3000 m (F = 5.51; P = 0.03) and in SOD activity at 800 m (F = 7.92; P = 0.01) and 3000 m (F = 6.05; P = 0.03). CAT activity also differed between the sexes at 800 m (F = 15.67; P = 0.01) and 1500 m (F = 6.55; P = 0.02). However, no significant gender-time interaction effect was observed for any measurement at the 800-, 1500-, and 3000-m distances. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in LPO, SOD, and CAT activities at different running distances were not different between men and women over time because of a nonsignificant gender-time interaction. With regard to changes in oxidative stress, men and women had similar responses to exercise at the same absolute workload, despite significant differences in physical characteristics.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Carrera/fisiología , Catalasa/sangre , Femenino , Glutatión Reductasa/sangre , Humanos , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Peróxidos Lipídicos/sangre , Masculino , Consumo de Oxígeno , Factores Sexuales , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This is an in vitro assessment of pH level and calcium ion release exhibited by 3 calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers-Sealapex, Apexit, and Acroseal. STUDY DESIGN: The materials were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions and placed in 1 cm long and 4 mm diameter tubes. The tubes were then immersed in a glass flask containing 10 mL bidistilled water (n = 15), which was sealed and stored at 37 degrees C before the materials had set. The control group contained bidistilled water with empty tubes (n = 12). At predetermined time intervals (24 h, 96 h, and 7, 15, and 28 days) the pH of the bidistilled water was tested with a pH meter and for released calcium by using spectrophotometry. The data were statistically analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance for the comparison of the materials at each time point. If the difference was significant, individual comparisons were performed by Tukey multiple comparisons test (alpha = .05). RESULTS: Sealapex produced higher pH and released significantly higher calcium amounts than the other 2 sealers at all periods (P < .05). Apexit showed higher calcium release than Acroseal at the end of 15 days (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the pH between Apexit and Acroseal (P > .05). CONCLUSION: The new Acroseal sealer presented the least calcium ion release and pH than Sealapex and less calcium ion release than Apexit sealer.