RESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to clarify coaches' competencies (COM) regarding dual-career (DC) support for student athletes in Japan. The questionnaire survey was conducted at 31 universities with an online survey URL that was distributed to 300 collegiate athletic coaches. In total, there were 152 respondents (female, 19; male, 133; mean age, 43.15 ± 12.07 years; coaching experience, 12.83 ± 9.72 years). The online survey adopted a Japanese-translated version of the Dual-Career Competency Questionnaire (DCCQ), which has been translated into nine languages and is widely used in European counties. The scale consists of six factors and 33 items, each rated on a five-point scale of importance (IM) and possession (PO). The Japanese version of the DCCQ was validated through a confirmatory factor analysis, and the internal consistency of the items was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In addition, we examined differences between the IM and PO for DC support by t-tests and by calculating effect sizes. The validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the DCCQ were confirmed based on the goodness-of-fit index and Cronbach's alpha coefficients, respectively. Our examination of the differences between IM and PO in DC support revealed that coaches perceived the importance of DC support but did not possess the necessary COM to offer DC support. That finding was similar to those of previous European studies. In particular, the Japanese coaches who participated in our online survey recognized the importance of COM in terms of "collaboration with various stakeholders and departments" for DC support but did not feel as though they held sufficient COM in that regard. In other words, the improvement of DC support requires the development of a coaching program that fosters COM to work with various stakeholders. This key insight provides a direction and specific focus for programs to improve coaches' DC support for student athletes.
Asunto(s)
Deportes , Adulto , Atletas , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudiantes , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Overlapping of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and multiple myeloma (MM) has been extremely rare. Our report concerns a case with concomitant ET and MM, where JAK2V617F was present in non-myeloma peripheral blood leukocytes and bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic cells, but not in BM-derived CD138-positive myeloma cells. In contrast, double-color fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that BM-derived CD138-positive myeloma cells possessed the gene translocation between the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and the cyclin D1 gene, which was not involved in non-myeloma hematopoietic cells. This is the first case with concomitant ET and MM in which the 2 hematologic neoplasms were shown to have originated from separate malignant clones at hierarchically different differentiation levels resulting from independent acquisition of different molecular aberrations. Among the 10 reported cases, including ours, ET preceded MM in 8 cases, but MM never preceded ET. We suggest that MM clones may have greater proliferative potency compared with ET clones, and that the treatment modification from ET to MM did not seem to exacerbate ET in most reported cases, perhaps because of the suppression of the ET clone by both the cytotoxic effect of anti-myeloma therapy and the clonal repression by MM progression.
Asunto(s)
Ciclina D1/genética , Cadenas Pesadas de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Janus Quinasa 2/genética , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Mutación Missense , Trombocitopenia/genética , Translocación Genética , Anciano , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Femenino , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/patología , Humanos , Cadenas Pesadas de Inmunoglobulina/metabolismo , Janus Quinasa 2/metabolismo , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Leucocitos/patología , Mieloma Múltiple/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiple/patología , Sindecano-1/metabolismo , Trombocitopenia/metabolismo , Trombocitopenia/patologíaRESUMEN
Here we describe two testicular cell lines of zebrafish with distinct functions to support the development of male germ cells. Twelve cell lines were established by single-colony isolation from tumor-like testis-derived ZtA6 cells, and the features characteristic of Sertoli cells such as phagocytic activity and transcription both of their specific genes, sox9a and Wilms' tumor suppressor WT1, and of the vas gene of germ cells were analyzed in the lines. Six lines exhibited these three characteristics of Sertoli cells. Despite the single-colony isolation, low levels of vas expression were detected in three lines. Two lines, ZtA6-2 and ZtA6-12, showed almost the same characteristics as Sertoli cells, but exhibited distinctive features when male germ cells were cocultured with each line as feeders. The in vitro fertilization by the culture of germ cells with ZtA6-12 produced more embryos than that with ZtA6-2. In contrast, ZtA6-2 gave rise to large clumps of germ cells after a 12-day culture, while ZtA6-12 still produced only small clumps. Expression of vas, strongly expressed in spermatogonia and premeiotic spermatocytes, was prolonged in the culture with ZtA6-2, while it reduced in that with ZtA6-12. Compared with the previous results obtained on the original ZtA6 cells, these results suggested that the function of the ZtA6-2 cells was directed to stimulate the proliferation of spermatogonia, and ZtA6-12 to stimulate the differentiation into sperm. These cell lines will facilitate investigation of Sertoli cell molecules that contribute to the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia, and the longer culture time of male germ cells by using these lines successively.
Asunto(s)
Comunicación Celular/fisiología , Línea Celular , Espermatogénesis/fisiología , Espermatozoides/citología , Testículo/citología , Animales , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Proteínas del Grupo de Alta Movilidad/genética , Proteínas del Grupo de Alta Movilidad/metabolismo , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción SOX9 , Espermatogénesis/genética , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Testículo/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas WT1/genética , Proteínas WT1/metabolismo , Pez Cebra/anatomía & histología , Pez Cebra/fisiología , Proteínas de Pez Cebra/genética , Proteínas de Pez Cebra/metabolismoRESUMEN
Transgenic modification of sperm before fertilization has distinct advantages over conventional transgenic methods. The primary advantage is that the mosaicism inherent in those other techniques is avoided. A culture system using primary cultures of zebrafish male germ cells, in which the differentiation from spermatogonia to functional sperm can occur in vitro, provides the opportunity for genetic modification of sperm in vitro. Here, we report the production of transgenic zebrafish from cultured sperm. The sperm were differentiated from premeiotic germ cells infected with a pseudotyped retrovirus in vitro. The collected sperm were used to perform successful in vitro fertilizations, and transgenic embryos were identified. The transgenic fish transmitted the proviral integration to the next generation in a Mendelian fashion. We report the generation of a transgenic animal by cultured sperm and open the door to many exciting possibilities for the rapid generation of transgenic lines in model organisms such as zebrafish or other animal systems that are otherwise intractable to transgenesis.