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The mutagenicity of soils (on A. cepa and Tr. poludosa) and chromosome aberration level in population have been studied in two Uzbekistan areas. The obtained results are evidence of global contamination of the whole region by mutagenic and toxic chemicals. The mutation level in test objects and frequency of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes in the examined persons have not been correlated. The condition of the area studied is classified by mutagenic contamination as "critical".

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The estimation of the total mutagenic overloading and chromosome variability in population of two Transcarpathian regions in Ukraine differing in the intensity of pesticides use has been studied. The statistically significant differences in mutagenicity of soil (on the growing seed Allium cepa), mutability of agricultural crops (Vicia sativa, Avena sativa) and chromosome aberrations level in peripheral lymphocytes in juveniles have been determined.

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Mutagenic activity of dicourol belonging to coumarol derivatives has been studied on 5 test-objects (mice, cultivated lymphocytes of human blood, yeast-saccharomycetes, Tradescantia, Crepis). Results of investigations allowed attributing dicourol to highly hazardous mutagens. In this connection it is admitted unadvisable to enforce it into agricultural practice. The tested objects differ in their dicourol mutagenic sensibility as follows: cultivated lymphocytes of human blood - Tradescantia - yeast - Crepis - mice.

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Analysis of data available in literature has shown that 65% of 400 pesticides studied for their mutagenicity exert a mutagenic effect on any test-object. The number of revealed mutagens approaches 100% when four or more test-objects are used. Recommendations for quantitative estimation of genetic risk worked out under conditions of model experiments with standard mutagens are not available for pesticides since they are slight mutagens. The necessity for genetic stage-by-stage monitoring of pesticide use is substantiated. This monitoring should be carried out at the stage of experimental studies by means of classifications by the degree of potential mutagenic danger (the method is described) and at the stage of ecological and genetic investigations--by means of the regulation for application with due regard for the summary mutagenic background.

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It is established that sodium trichloracetate does not induce chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of mice, does not modify mutagenic effect induced by rubomicin, but increases chromosome aberration frequency in the culture of human peripheral lymphocytes and in germs of Crepis tectorum and Allium cepa seeds.

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The system of genetic and hygienic evaluation of pesticide preparations requires improvements as there are many mutagens among widespread chemical means of plant protection. A successful solution of the problem of the environment protection from genetic consequences of pesticide application is possible if the hygienic regulation of the pesticide application will be based not only on the results of its experimental check, but also on the ecological and genetic studies. The latter are to include identification of the environmental mutagenic background and the level of mutagenic and genotypic variability in populations.

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The paper deals with the primary principle of potential mutagenic pesticides hazard evaluation from the results of study on their cytogenetic activity in experimental animals. This evaluation may be based on two main parameters characterizing a mutagenic property of pesticides--the degree of maximum cytogenetic effect expression and the level of minimum effective dose. According to the suggested principle 22 pesticides under study are distributed into some groups in conformity with the degree of their potential mutagenic hazard.

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Cytogenetic activity of organo-phosphorous insecticide, Valexon, and its influence on the mutability of mice bone marrow cells were studied. Mice repeatedly treated with low doses of Valexon are determined to possess a higher bone marrow cytogenetic sensitivity to the action of the known mutagen rubomycin (daunomycin).

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The principle is described of genetic-hygienic reglamentation of pesticides-mutagens application based on the estimating of the degree of their genetic hazard using several parameters characterizing the peculiarities of their mutagenic effect. Substances may be classified into groups according to their mutagenic hazard. The results are given of the evaluation of the mutagenic hazards of some pesticides and recommendations are given for the genetic-hygienic reglamentation of their application taking into account their mutagenicity.

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The cytogenetic action of three phosphoorganic pesticides, imidan, dipterex and gardona, in cultured human lymphocytes is studied. It is found that all the sunstances induce the signficant increase in the frequency of metaphases with chromosomes aberrations as compared with the control level. Maximal effects in vitro qere 6,0; 4,8 and 4,0% of aberrant cells for imidan, dipterex and gardona respectively. All investigated substances had a weak mutagenic activity in human lymphocyte culture.

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A comparative study of the effect of 12 organophosphorus pesticides on mice was carried out. A statistically significant increase of the frequency of aberrant metaphases in bone-marrow cells of mice was induced by dipterex, metaphos, phosphamidon and imidan. No correlation between the toxicity and the mutagenic activity of the compounds studied was observed. The pesticides studied can be regarded as substances with a slight cytogenetic activity with respect to animals.

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