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Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar como o projeto de vida de adolescentes que cumprem medida socioeducativa de Liberdade Assistida (LA) é abordado no instrumento institucional Plano Individual de Atendimento ­ PIA. Para tanto, foi feita a análise documental de 26 PIAs produzidos em um Creas da zona sul do Rio de Janeiro, bem como entrevista com a psicóloga à frente do Serviço de Acompanhamento a adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa da referida instituição. Ao final, percebeu-se que o PIA não é usado como base instrumental para o trabalho articulado a um projeto de vida dos adolescentes, mas é reduzido a um contrato firmado com eles no início do cumprimento da medida com registro de expectativas de futuro. Isso aponta para a necessidade de o PIA avançar de um campo de registro de expectativas de futuro para um de trabalho com o projeto de vida dos adolescentes. (AU)

This article aims to present how the life project of adolescents serving socio-educational measure of assisted freedom is addressed in the institutional instrument Individual Plan of Attendance ­IPA. To this end, a documentary analysis of 26 IPAs produced in a Specialized Reference Center for Social Assistance in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was carried out, as well as an interview with the psychologist, who is one of the techniques of the referred institution. In the end, it was noticed that the IPA is not used as an instrumental basis for the work articulated to a life project, but is reduced to a contract signed with them at the beginning of the fulfillment of the measure with a record of future expectations. This points to the need for the IPA to move from a field of recording expectations of the future to one of working with the adolescents' life project. (AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar cómo el proyecto de vida de los adolescentes que cumplen con una medida socioeducativa de libertad asistida se aborda en el instrumento institucional Plan Individual de Asistencia­PIA. Para ello, se realizó un análisis documental de 26 PIAs producidos en un Centro de referencia especializado en asistencia social en Río de Janeiro, Brasil, así como una entrevista con el psicólogo, quien es uno de los técnicos de la institución. Al final, se advirtió que el PIA no se utiliza como base instrumental del trabajo articulado al proyecto de vida, sino que se reduce a un contrato firmado con ellos al inicio del cumplimiento de la medida con un registro de expectativas futuras. Esto apunta a la necesidad de que el PIA pase de un campo de registro de expectativas de futuro a uno de trabajo con el proyecto de vida. (AU)

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Speed strength performances are substantially dependent on maximum strength. Due to their importance, various methods have been utilized to measure maximum strength (e.g., isometric or dynamic) with discussed differences regarding transferability to sport-specific movements dependent upon the testing procedure. The aim of this study was to analyze whether maximum isometric force (MIF) during isometric back squats correlates with maximum strength measurements of the one repetition maximum (1RM) in the squat, with countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, and with drop jump (DJ) performances in elite youth soccer players (n = 16, 18.4 ± 1.5 [range: 17-23] years old). Additionally, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC, [ρc]) between isometric and dynamic measurements were calculated to verify whether one measurement can actually reproduce the results of the other. To improve comprehension, differences between isometric and dynamic testing values were illustrated by providing differences between both testing conditions. For this, the mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were calculated. To reach equality in scale, the 1RM measures were multiplicated by 9.81 to obtain a value of N. The 1RM demonstrated correlations of τ = |0.38| to |0.52| with SJ and CMJ performances, while MIF demonstrated correlations of τ = |0.21| to |0.32|. However, the correlations of both 1RM and MIF with the DJ reactive strength index (RSI = jump height /contact time) from different falling heights were of no statistical significance. The data showed significant correlations between both the absolute (τ = |0.54|) and the relative (τ = |0.40|) performances of 1RM and MIF, which were confirmed by CCC of ρc= |0.56| to |0.66|, respectively. Furthermore, the MAE and MAPE showed values of 2080.87 N and 67.4%, respectively. The data in this study show that, despite good correlations, there is no exact coincidence between isometric and dynamic strength measurements. Accordingly, both measurements may only represent an estimation of maximal strength capacity and cannot be substituted for each other. Therefore, maximal strength should be tested by using high similarity in the contraction condition, as it is used in the training process to counteract underestimation in strength because of unfamiliarity with the testing condition.

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Submaximal vertical hopping capitalizes on the strain energy storage-recovery mechanism associated with the stretch-shortening cycle and is emerging as an important component of progressive rehabilitation protocols in Achilles tendon injury and a determinant of readiness to return to sport. This study explored the reliability of transmission mode ultrasound in quantifying the instantaneous modulus of elasticity of human Achilles tendon during repetitive submaximal hopping. A custom-built ultrasound transmission device, consisting of a 1 MHz broadband emitter and four regularly spaced receivers, was used to measure the axial velocity of ultrasound in the Achilles tendon of six healthy young adults (mean ± SD; age 26 ± 5 years; height 1.78 ± 0.11 m; weight 79.8 ± 13.6 kg) during steady-state unilateral hopping (2.5 Hz) on a piezoelectric force plate. Vertical ground reaction force and lower limb joint kinematics were simultaneously recorded. The potential sensitivity of the technique was further explored in subset of healthy participants (n = 3) that hopped at a slower rate (1.8 Hz) and a patient who had undergone Achilles tendon rupture-repair (2.5 Hz). Reliability was estimated using the mean-within subject coefficient of variation calculated at each point during the ground-contact phase of hopping, while cross-correlations were used to explore the coordination between lower limb kinematics ground reaction forces and ultrasound velocity in the Achilles tendon. Axial velocity of ultrasound in the Achilles tendon was highly reproducible during hopping, with the mean within-subject coefficient of variation ranging between 0.1 and 2.0% across participants. Ultrasound velocity decreased immediately following touch down (-19 ± 13 ms-1), before increasing by 197 ± 81 ms-1, on average, to peak at 2230 ± 87 ms-1 at 67 ± 3% of ground contact phase in healthy participants. Cross-correlation analysis revealed that ultrasound velocity in the Achilles tendon during hopping was strongly associated with knee (mean r = 0.98, range 0.95-1.00) rather than ankle (mean r = 0.67, range 0.35-0.79) joint motion. Ultrasound velocity was sensitive to changes in hopping frequency in healthy adults and in the surgically repaired Achilles tendon was characterized by a similar peak velocity (2283 ± 13 ms-1) but the change in ultrasound velocity (447 ± 21 ms-1) was approximately two fold that of healthy participants (197 ± 81 ms-1). Although further research is required, the technique can be used to reliably monitor ultrasound velocity in the Achilles tendon during hopping, can detect changes in the instantaneous elastic modulus of tendon with variation in hopping frequency and tendon pathology and ultimately may provide further insights into the stretch-shortening cycle and aid clinical decision concerning tendon rehabilitation protocols and readiness to return to sport.

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BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effect of a six-week in-season core stability training (CST) intervention on maximal throwing velocity and core strength parameters. METHODS: Twenty female handball players (23.4±4.4 years, 168.4±3.5 cm, and 66.9±9.2 kg) were randomized into a CST intervention group (N.=10) and a control group (CON, N.=10). Throwing velocity, maximal isometric strength (MIS) and endurance strength of the ventral, dorsal and lateral core muscle chains were measured before and after progressive, six-week core stability training in the CST group. RESULTS: Core endurance of both lateral core muscle chains (LR: F=7.03, P=0.017; LL: F=6.31, P=0.022;) and MIS of the left lateral core muscle chain (LL: F=7.08, P=0.019) was significantly improved in CST compared to CON group after 6 weeks. Additionally, CST group significantly increased MIS of the lateral right core muscles (21%, P=0.042) and the ventral core endurance (35%, P=0.016) compared to baseline. Although both groups significantly increased throwing velocity of the jump throw after the intervention (CST 12%, P=0.001; CON 8%, P=0.009), throwing velocity of the standing throw remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: A six-week CST intervention effectively increased the isometric strength and endurance of selected core muscles but did not significantly enhance throwing velocity compared to standard training.

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