RESUMEN
Results of the comparative analysis of the complex investigation of rodent population state caught at areas with different levels of contamination in the accident zone of the Chernobyl NPP during 1986-1993 and 2007, at areas with a practically normal radiation background in the neighborhood of the Kiev City in 1993 and at areas with the normal and increased radiation background in Ukhta region of Komi Republic in 1993-2008 are presented. It is shown that the absence of the linear dependence in changes of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) regulatory system parameters in rodent tissues on the dose of the external gamma-radiation at areas of their trap persists for a long time. Different ability to normalization of the studied indices and nonlinearity of their dose dependences allow us to suggest that changes of the scale and direction of interrelations between the reciprocal parameters of the LPO regulatory system in norm in tissues of rodents which were caught in the accident zone and at areas with an increased radiation background should be the information signal determining selection of the strategy of adaptation to the chronic radiation factor action.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica/efectos de la radiación , Radiación de Fondo/efectos adversos , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de la radiación , Muridae/metabolismo , Animales , Muridae/fisiología , Fosfolípidos/metabolismo , Monitoreo de Radiación , UcraniaRESUMEN
Variations of the dehydrogenation enzyme activity (succinate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase) in the heart muscle, liver and brain of root voles (Microtus oeconomus Pall.) and their progeny associated with additional stress effects (chronic low-level gamma-irradiation, short-term exposure to cold) have been studied. Root voles (parents) were caught in the areas with a normal and high-level natural radioactivity in the Republic of Komi. It has been revealed that the direction of shifts of the dehydrogenation enzyme activity in response to the factors of the physical nature is determined by the initial level of the oxidation process in tissues of root voles and their progeny that haven't been subjected to these actions. The reaction of root voles and their progeny (1-3 generations) from the radium zone has lower reserve functional possibilities in relation to the additional exposure as compared with the animals from the control zone. In some cases, chronic low-level irradiation and short-term cooling lead to leveling of differences between groups of animals which initially varied from each other in biochemical indexes.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica/efectos de la radiación , Arvicolinae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Radiación de Fondo/efectos adversos , Frío , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/fisiopatología , Animales , Arvicolinae/metabolismo , Encéfalo/enzimología , Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Clima Frío , Femenino , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Miocardio/enzimología , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/enzimologíaRESUMEN
The analysis of natural radionuclide (226Ra) contamination and tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus Pall.) relative number (from the sixties of 20-th century to 2007) reveals the impotent role of murine rodents in radionuclide migration. As a result of their pawing and of radionuclides carry-over by plants on the soil surface since the beginning of 1990 to present time the increase of 226Ra content in animals from control and radioactive plots have been ascertain. In the plots under study tundra vole number was half as much from 1993 to 2007. Simultaneous rotation of population cycle stages noticed in the control plot and in the plot with radium contamination, and long periods of low number was recorded in the plot with radium and thorium contamination, which are typical for border and impact populations.
Asunto(s)
Arvicolinae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Contaminantes Radiactivos/análisis , Radio (Elemento)/análisis , Animales , Arvicolinae/metabolismo , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Dinámica Poblacional , Contaminantes Radiactivos/farmacocinética , Radio (Elemento)/farmacocinética , Federación de Rusia , Torio/análisis , Torio/farmacocinética , Uranio/análisis , Uranio/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
There has been studied the response of antioxidant (AO) reaction of the tissue system of the root voles Microtus oeconomus Pall. whose parents belonged to the populations long inhabiting the Republic Komi regions with different degrees of radioactive contamination on an additional radiation action at low doses. Differences have been revealed in the phospholipid content, activities of AO defense, intensities of processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in tissues of the vole offspring caught in the control and contaminated regions. It has been revealed that direction and degree of changes in the offspring tissues after the additional action are determined by the parameter value in the non-irradiated animal group. Intensity of the LPO processes in liver and brain was leveled after the long low-intensity irradiation. The obtained data and analysis of literature indicate that at predicting effects of chronic action of low doses of a damaging factor both in experiment and in the natural habitation, it is necessary to take into account initial characteristics of biological objects.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Arvicolinae/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de la radiación , Hígado/metabolismo , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/efectos adversos , Animales , Química Encefálica/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Masculino , Fosfolípidos/metabolismoRESUMEN
The activity of succinate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in homogenates from cardiac muscle, liver and brain of wild rodents inhabiting areas with high level of radioactivity (Komi Republic, Chernobyl NPP accident 30-km zone). There is a deficiency in pyruvate and succinate oxidation as well as the high rate of the lactate oxidation processes in organs of senescent wild rodents from radioactive polluted sites. The high level of lactate dehydrogenase activity in cardiac muscle and liver has been demonstrated in both young and senescent animals that is the aging process development evidence.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/efectos de la radiación , Metabolismo Energético , Miocardio/enzimología , Contaminantes Radiactivos/efectos adversos , Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/enzimología , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Hígado/enzimología , Especificidad de Órganos , Complejo Piruvato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Roedores , Succinato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
It is shown that the effect of the low intensity gamma-irradiation at the dose of 5.5 cGy during the 4 months including the antenatal period causes the most substantial changes of the peroxide content in the liver and in brain lipids and of TBA-reactive substances amount in organs and blood plasma of tundra vole F2 which are reproduced from parents during long-term inhabiting on the Ra-contaminated area in the Komi Republic. The consequences of the chronic gamma-irradiation at the doses of 4 cGy (the dose rate is 5 mR/h) and 31 cGy (the dose rate is 40 mR/h) are studied by the morphophysiological and by biochemical parameters in organs of mice CBA (males) within 3 months after exposure. The change of the scale of the interrelation between the liver and body masses and also between the sums of the more easily to the more poorly oxidizable fractions and the phosphatidyl choline to phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio in the liver phospholipids in groups of the irradiated mice is found as compared with that in the control group. The absence of interrelation between the lipid peroxidation process intensity and the catalase activity in the murine liver and also between the disbalance of the biochemical functions and the dose rate and/or the dose of the gamma-irradiation is revealed. The analysis of the data obtained allow to conclude that the chronic gamma-radiation under low intensity has the systemic effect on the animal organism causing of its function on the other level.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Hígado/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de la radiación , Química Encefálica/efectos de la radiación , Catalasa/análisis , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de la radiación , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de la radiación , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de la radiación , Peróxidos/análisis , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisisRESUMEN
The antiradiation properties of the ecdysteroid-containing preparations ("serpisten" and inokosterone) are studied under their application before or after the 22.6 cGy chronic low intensity gamma-irradiation of mice. It is shown that the antiradiation of these compounds depend on the dose of preparations and time of the application before or after irradiation of mice. "Serpisten" prevented the decrease of the growth of the body mass of irradiated mice. The normalization of the phospholipid composition of the mice liver and blood erythrocytes for the most investigated parameters revealed under the application of this compound at the dose of 50 mg/kg after the irradiation of animals. The capacity of "serpisten" to decompose of peroxides is shown in vitro. Inokosterone had the certain anabolic properties, caused the normalization of the total peroxidase activity of blood and intensity of the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in brain and in liver, and also the repair of the interrelation between the LPO intensity and catalase activity in the irradiated mice liver. The obtained results allow to conclude that the antiradiation properties of the ecdysteroid-containing preparations under the chronic low intensity irradiation of animals at the low dose due to their capacity to depend on the LPO regulatory system parameters.
Asunto(s)
Colestenos/farmacología , Ecdisteroides/farmacología , Rayos gamma , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Animales , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de la radiación , Hígado/química , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de la radiación , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Peroxidasa/sangre , Fosfolípidos/análisisAsunto(s)
Arvicolinae/metabolismo , Radiación de Fondo , Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Fosfolípidos/biosíntesis , Bazo/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Femenino , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/biosíntesis , Masculino , Fosfatidilcolinas/biosíntesis , Radio (Elemento) , Federación de Rusia , Bazo/metabolismo , UranioRESUMEN
The results of the investigations of the radioactive contamination consequences on the lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes in organs and tissues of wild rodents which were caught in the Chernobyl NPP accident 30-km zone during 1986-1993 are generalized. The behaviors of the technogenic contamination effect on dynamic of changes of the LPO physico-chemical regulatory system parameters and the generalized parameters of the phospholipid composition in organs of the different radioresistance wild rodents are revealed in dependence on the radioactive contamination level and the duration of the radiation factor exposure. Different sensitivity of the LPO regulatory system parameters in wild rodent tissues to the radioactive contamination of their environment and the unequal ability to normalization of the antioxidant status and the energy exchange in tissues result in the change of the scale and character of interrelations between the reciprocal parameters in norm and have an influence on the development of qualitatively new subpopulations of wild rodents due to the transition of the cell regulatory system to the another level of the function.
Asunto(s)
Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Peroxidación de Lípido , Muridae/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Femenino , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Fosfolípidos/metabolismo , UcraniaRESUMEN
The parameters of the lipid peroxidation regulatory system (the antioxidative and antiperoxidant activities, the peroxide content, the lipid peroxidation intensity) in the tissues and the activities of the antioxidative defence enzymes (the peroxidase activity in blood, the superoxide dismutase activity in the blood erythrocytes) are studied in progeny of tundra vole which are reproduced from parent inhabiting areas with different radioecological environment during a long time. The progeny had the preservation of the changed antioxidant status. The scale of the changing of the investigating parameters depend on the state of radionucleoids contamination of areas where tundra voles are caught, sex of rodents, the content of antioxidants in lipids of tissues of parents.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Arvicolinae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Radiación de Fondo , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Rayos gamma , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Animales , Arvicolinae/sangre , Arvicolinae/metabolismo , Encéfalo/enzimología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Eritrocitos/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de la radiación , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Embarazo , Federación de Rusia , Bazo/enzimología , Bazo/metabolismo , Bazo/efectos de la radiación , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
The data of complex examinations of morphophysiological state of Tundra vole (Microtus oeconomus Pall.), the lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes and the energy exchange in their organs, the cytogenetic analysis of marrow cells and the process of multiplication in populations inhabiting areas with increased natural radiation background more 50 years are generalized. The data obtained support the existence of qualitative differences of Tundra vole subpopulations inhabiting control and radioactive nuclide contaminating areas. They allow to suppose that the process of adaptation to chronic low intensity radiation effect of Tundra vole in natural conditions involves the transition of the LPO and another regulatory systems to different level of function and is directed on population survival and homeostasis maintenance in changing radioecological conditions.
Asunto(s)
Arvicolinae/fisiología , Radiación de Fondo/efectos adversos , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Ecosistema , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Enzimas/metabolismo , Enzimas/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de la radiación , Hígado/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodos , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de la radiación , Fosfolípidos/metabolismo , Población , Dosis de Radiación , Radio (Elemento) , Reproducción/fisiología , Bazo/efectos de la radiación , UranioRESUMEN
The effect of the increased natural radiation background (within some areas in Komi Republic) and man-caused radioactive contamination in the Chernobyl NPP accident zone on the composition of liver phospholipids in Microtus oeconomus inhabiting these areas was studied. The significant changes in the liver lipid composition in rodents inhabiting both the Chernobyl accident zone and the areas with the increased natural radiation background were found. The maximal changes in the liver phospholipid composition were revealed during the first year after the accident. The reverse dependence between the phosphatidyl choline/phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio and the ratio between the sum of more readily oxidizable phospholipids and the sum of more poorly oxidizable ones was found. However, the slope of corresponding curves significantly depends on the radioactive state in the area of the population inhabitance. The conclusion about high sensitivity of the lipid composition of hepatocytes in Microtus oeconomus both to the impact of the man-caused radioactive contamination and the increased level of the natural radioactivity was drawn.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación Radiactiva del Aire/efectos adversos , Arvicolinae/metabolismo , Radiación de Fondo/efectos adversos , Ecosistema , Hígado/efectos de la radiación , Fosfolípidos/efectos de la radiación , Animales , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Hígado/química , Masculino , Fosfolípidos/análisis , Centrales Eléctricas , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Federación de Rusia , Estaciones del Año , UcraniaRESUMEN
Information about the foundation and history of the Radiation Ecology Department and results of the researches on the effect of increased background radiation level on plant and animal populations, migration of radionuclides in natural biocoenosies with increased radiation level are presented.
Asunto(s)
Academias e Institutos/historia , Radiobiología/historia , Animales , Ecología , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Radioisótopos/historia , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The estimation of the degree of the radioactive contamination effect on the antioxidative status in tissues of rodents from natural populations is done by means of biometric methods. It is shown, that the character of distribution and variability of the lipids antioxidant activity (AOA) differs significantly depending of species and age of animals, the degree of contamination on areas where wild rodents were caught and time during which the radioactive factor affected. The change in character of the animals distribution in AOA of the brain lipids for the more radioresistant Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb, occurs the later than for the more radiosensitive Apodemus agrarius and especially for Microtus oeconomus Pall. The data obtained make possible to suppose, that the long-term effect of the low intensive ionizing radiation results the qualitative changes in the rodents natural populations state.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Muridae , Centrales Eléctricas , Ceniza Radiactiva , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Factores de Edad , Animales , Arvicolinae/metabolismo , Biometría , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hígado/metabolismo , Muridae/metabolismo , Especificidad de la Especie , Factores de Tiempo , UcraniaRESUMEN
Deviations in lipid peroxidation parameters and in activity of dehydration enzymes in the brain of the tundra voles inhabiting areas with higher level of technogenic contamination (the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP and the Republic of Komi) have been analyzed. During the first years after the disaster a decrease in the lipid antioxidative status of the brain and dehydrogenase activity, changes in the lipid composition of voles trapped in the disaster zone in comparison with control ones were more significant. Relative stabilization of the phospholipid composition with low antioxidizing activity of lipids and slight activity of succinate and piruvate dehydrogenases has been observed in a distant period of analysis.
Asunto(s)
Arvicolinae/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de la radiación , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Centrales Eléctricas , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Animales , Radiación de Fondo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Química Encefálica/efectos de la radiación , Rayos gamma , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de la radiación , Lípidos/análisis , Lípidos/efectos de la radiación , Federación de Rusia , Factores de Tiempo , UcraniaRESUMEN
A study was made of the morphological status of hepatocytes, the antioxidant activity of lipids and composition of phospholipids, and dehydrogenase activity in the liver of field mice taken from seven regions of the Chernobyl A.P.S. zone with different levels of contamination in 1987. There observed multiple types of destructive damages to the organ; depletion of liver lipids by antioxidants; diminution of phospholipids within the total lipid level; considerable increase in the phosphatidyl choline/phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio and in the relative content of phospholipid lysoforms; and inhibition of dehydration processes. In the absence of a strict correlation between the changes in the biophysical and biochemical parameters or between the severity of degenerative changes in hepatocytes and the level of external irradiation, certain relationship was followed up between liver lipid depletion by antioxidants, inhibition of dehydration processes and the number of wild rodents which developed dystrophic changes in the organ. These structural and functional changes were found in the liver of wild rodents taken from all the regions: this indicated a considerable sensitivity of the parameters of the regulatory cell systems and hepatocytes to the effect of technogenic contamination.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Hígado/efectos de la radiación , Reactores Nucleares , Centrales Eléctricas , Roedores/fisiología , Animales , Antioxidantes , Arvicolinae , Femenino , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de la radiación , Lípidos/efectos de la radiación , Hígado/enzimología , Hígado/fisiopatología , Masculino , Muridae , UcraniaRESUMEN
Chronic gamma-irradiation during 3.5 and 6 months (at a dose = rate of 46.2 pC/kg X c) of Microtus oeconomus living in conditions of normal and increased (by 50-100 times) gamma-radiation background, and of their progeny (the 1st, 2nd, 3d, and 4th generations) causes in homogenates of cardiac muscle, liver, and brain different changes in activity of succinate dehydrogenase (1.3.99.1, EC), pyruvate dehydrogenase (1.2.4.1, EC), and lactate dehydrogenase (1.1.1.27, EC) associated with the discordance of the processes of tissue respiration and glycolysis. The changes in dehydrogenases activity in Microtus oeconomus subjected to chronic irradiation were nearly the same as those found in their parents.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/efectos de la radiación , Arvicolinae/metabolismo , Oxidorreductasas/efectos de la radiación , Radiactividad , Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Ecología , Femenino , Rayos gamma , Masculino , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The activity, the dynamics of changes in the body mass and the weight of some internal organs of chipmunks at different physiological status were studied in normal conditions (0.86 pA/kg) and during chronic gamma-irradiation at low dose-rates (46.3 pA/kg). The stated higher indications of body mass and the lower activity of the animals from the experimental group during the hibernation period can be regarded as the favourable protective reaction of the organism to the chronic effects of gamma-irradiation with low doses.
Asunto(s)
Efectos de la Radiación , Sciuridae/fisiología , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de la radiación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Rayos gamma , Hibernación/efectos de la radiación , Masculino , Factores de Tiempo , Vigilia/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Chipmunks were chronically exposed to gamma-radiation at an average dose rate of 46 pA/kg. Changes in activity of succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2, 4.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) were detected in the homogenates of the cardiac muscle, liver and brain at different physiological periods (before, during and after hibernation). The changes observed were related to the impairment of coordination between the processes of tissue respiration and glycolysis.