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BACKGROUND: Maintaining an adequate temperature at the target site is essential for effective ablation. We hypothesized that a tissue temperature-controlled (T-Con) catheter for cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation could improve the procedural ablation parameters. PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the T-Con (DiamondTemp™) catheter for CTI ablation compared with non-irrigation (Non-Irri) and irrigation (Irri) catheters. METHODS: We analyzed 150 patients who underwent prophylactic CTI ablation combined with pulmonary vein isolation. The Non-Irri, Irri, and T-Con catheter groups comprised 50 patients each, and the ablation procedural parameters and complications were compared between these groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in clinical background characteristics among the three groups. The Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc tests demonstrated that the T-Con group showed the lowest total radiofrequency energy delivery time among the three groups (median [25 and 75 percentiles]: 340 [209, 357], 147 [100, 199], and 83 [61, 109] s, respectively in the Non-Irri, Irri, and T-Con groups; T-Con versus Non-Irri, p < .01; T-Con versus Irri, p < .01). The total procedural time and acute reconnection rate in the T-Con group (264 s and 4%, respectively) were lower than those in the Non-Irri group (438 s and 24%) but were similar to those in the Irri group (268 s and 6%). No significant complications were observed in any group. CONCLUSIONS: The T-Con catheter achieved a short energy delivery time and a low acute reconnection rate, indicating its potential as an alternative catheter for CTI ablation.
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Rapidly progressive in-stent restenosis (ISR) after stent deployment from the left main trunk (LMT) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) without plaque at the LMT ostium has not been reported. A 60-year-old Japanese man with a history of scleroderma, pulmonary fibrosis, and type 2 diabetes developed acute myocardial infarction of the right coronary artery (RCA) and was treated by emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for RCA. Nine days later he underwent PCI from the LMT to the LAD. Follow-up coronary angiography (CAG) at 9 and 21 months post-PCI did not reveal ISR in any lesion, but the patient experienced cardiac arrest at 25 months post-PCI. Emergency CAG after resuscitation revealed ISR of the LMT ostium; emergency PCI was conducted. The development of ISR at the ostium of the LMT although the patient was free of plaque 4 months before is extremely unusual. This rare ISR of the LMT ostium progressed rapidly after follow-up CAG revealed no ISR at 21 months post-stent implantation.
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/cirugía , Estenosis Coronaria/cirugía , Constricción Patológica/cirugía , Angiografía Coronaria , Reestenosis Coronaria/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea , Factores de Riesgo , Stents , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Remote monitoring (RM) has been advocated as the new standard of care for patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). RM has allowed the early detection of adverse clinical events, such as arrhythmia, lead failure, and battery depletion. However, lead failure was often identified only by arrhythmic events, but not impedance abnormalities. OBJECTIVE: To compare the usefulness of arrhythmic events with conventional impedance abnormalities for identifying lead failure in CIED patients followed by RM. METHODS: CIED patients in 12 hospitals have been followed by the RM center in Okayama University Hospital. All transmitted data have been analyzed and summarized. RESULTS: From April 2009 to March 2016, 1,873 patients have been followed by the RM center. During the mean follow-up period of 775 days, 42 lead failure events (atrial lead 22, right ventricular pacemaker lead 5, implantable cardioverter defibrillator [ICD] lead 15) were detected. The proportion of lead failures detected only by arrhythmic events, which were not detected by conventional impedance abnormalities, was significantly higher than that detected by impedance abnormalities (arrhythmic event 76.2%, 95% CI: 60.5-87.9%; impedance abnormalities 23.8%, 95% CI: 12.1-39.5%). Twenty-seven events (64.7%) were detected without any alert. Of 15 patients with ICD lead failure, none has experienced inappropriate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: RM can detect lead failure earlier, before clinical adverse events. However, CIEDs often diagnose lead failure as just arrhythmic events without any warning. Thus, to detect lead failure earlier, careful human analysis of arrhythmic events is useful.
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Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Estimulación Cardíaca Artificial/efectos adversos , Desfibriladores Implantables , Cardioversión Eléctrica/efectos adversos , Cardioversión Eléctrica/instrumentación , Técnicas Electrofisiológicas Cardíacas/métodos , Marcapaso Artificial , Falla de Prótesis , Tecnología de Sensores Remotos/instrumentación , Potenciales de Acción , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatología , Diagnóstico Precoz , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Diseño de Prótesis , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Improvement of phosphorus circulation in the soil is necessary to enhance phosphorus availability to plants. Phosphorus circulation activity is an index of soil's ability to supply soluble phosphorus from organic phosphorus in the soil solution. To understand the relationship among phosphorus circulation activity; bacterial biomass; pH; and Fe, Al, and Ca concentrations (described as mineral concentration in this paper) in agricultural soil, 232 soil samples from various agricultural fields were collected and analyzed. A weak relationship between phosphorus circulation activity and bacterial biomass was observed in all soil samples (R² = 0.25), and this relationship became significantly stronger at near-neutral pH (6.0-7.3; R² = 0.67). No relationship between phosphorus circulation activity and bacterial biomass was observed at acidic (pH < 6.0) or alkaline (pH > 7.3) pH. A negative correlation between Fe and Al concentrations and phosphorus circulation activity was observed at acidic pH (R² = 0.72 and 0.73, respectively), as well as for Ca at alkaline pH (R² = 0.64). Therefore, bacterial biomass, pH, and mineral concentration should be considered together for activation of phosphorus circulation activity in the soil. A relationship model was proposed based on the effects of bacterial biomass and mineral concentration on phosphorus circulation activity. The suitable conditions of bacterial biomass, pH, and mineral concentration for phosphorus circulation activity could be estimated from the relationship model.
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BACKGROUND: Ambulatory measurement of intrathoracic impedance (ITI) with an implanted device has potential to assess fluid accumulation in patients with heart failure (HF), but it has failed to reduce HF-related hospitalization because of a high false-positive rate. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine whether a modified algorithm (OptiVol 2.0) could reduce false-positive HF events documented in our multicenter trial (MOMOTARO). METHODS: The MOMOTARO trial assessed the potential that fluid index could predict fluid accumulation and therefore HF. The MOMOTARO trial assessed whether HF events could be detected based on fluid accumulation as assessed by fluid index. We re-analyzed raw data of ITI trends of the threshold-crossing events with the modified algorithm. RESULTS: The study consisted of 195 patients who had been implanted with a high-energy device. During a mean follow-up period of 658±165 days, there were 154 primary HF events detected by the previous algorithm (OptiVol 1.0). With the previous algorithm, there was no significant difference in log concentration of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) between baseline and alert (p=0.21). Among 150 alerts of the previous algorithm, only 37 reached the threshold by the modified algorithm, and log BNP was significantly higher in these 37 events compared with the baseline value (2.40±0.46 vs. 2.27±0.52, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our simulation study demonstrates that fluid index calculated with the modified algorithm reduces the number of false-positive threshold-crossing HF events and is promising for accurate diagnosis of fluid accumulation in patients.
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Algoritmos , Cardiografía de Impedancia , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Anciano , Impedancia Eléctrica , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/sangre , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangreRESUMEN
T wave oversensing (TWOS) is a common cause of inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapies. Various algorithms to avoid inappropriate ICD therapy are available; however, they are not helpful to avoid TWOS. Although the reproduction of TWOS is useful to resolve the problem of TWOS, it is sometimes difficult to reproduce TWOS. We report two cases of inappropriate ICD therapy due to TWOS, which were induced only by body twisting. We can successfully manage the device based on the evidence of reproduced TWOS.
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BACKGROUND: Endothelial function is a prognostic predictor in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, in an era with widespread use of drug-eluting stents, the clinical relevance of endothelial dysfunction on restenosis in patients undergoing PCI has not been fully evaluated. METHODS: This study included 80 patients with stable angina pectoris. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery was examined 1 week after PCI. Patients were retrospectively followed-up for an average of 21 months after PCI. The primary endpoints included cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, and critical limb ischemia. RESULTS: A drug-eluting stent was used in 58 patients and a cardiovascular event was recorded in 34 patients during follow-up. The incidence of all cardiovascular diseases was significantly greater in the low FMD (median FMD <4.2%) than the high FMD (median FMD ≥4.2%) group (60% vs. 25%, p <0.01). Furthermore, the incidence of coronary revascularization was significantly higher in the low than the high FMD group (p = 0.02), while the incidence of in-stent restenosis did not differ between the two groups. Cox regression analysis showed that low FMD was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 2.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.23 to 6.19, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Impaired brachial artery FMD independently predicts long-term cardiovascular events after PCI in the era of drug-eluting stents.
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Angina Estable/terapia , Arteria Braquial/fisiopatología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/terapia , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/fisiopatología , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/instrumentación , Vasodilatación , Anciano , Angina Estable/diagnóstico , Angina Estable/mortalidad , Angina Estable/fisiopatología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/mortalidad , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/fisiopatología , Reestenosis Coronaria/etiología , Reestenosis Coronaria/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Crítica , Femenino , Humanos , Isquemia/etiología , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/efectos adversos , Intervención Coronaria Percutánea/mortalidad , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ambulatory measurement of intrathoracic impedance (ITI) with an implanted device may detect increases in pulmonary fluid retention early, but the clinical utility of this method is not well established. The goal of this study was to test whether conventional ITI-derived parameters can diagnose fluid retention that may cause early stage heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: HF patients implanted with high-energy devices with OptiVol (Medtronic) monitoring were enrolled in this study. Patients were monitored remotely. At both baseline and OptiVol alert, patients were assessed on standard examinations, including analysis of serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). From April 2010 to August 2011, 195 patients from 12 institutes were enrolled. There were 154 primary OptiVol alert events. BNP level at the alerts was not significantly different from that at baseline. Given that ITI was inversely correlated with log BNP, we added a criterion specifying that the OptiVol alert is triggered only when ITI decreases by ≥4% from baseline. This change improved the diagnostic potential of increase in BNP at OptiVol alert (sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 88%). CONCLUSIONS: BNP increase could not be identified based on OptiVol alert. Decrease in ITI ≥4% compared with baseline, in addition to the alert, however, may be a useful marker for the likelihood of HF (Clinical trial info: UMIN000003351).
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Cardiografía de Impedancia/métodos , Alarmas Clínicas , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/prevención & control , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Edema Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Algoritmos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Terapia de Resincronización Cardíaca , Cardiografía de Impedancia/instrumentación , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapéutico , Terapia Combinada , Desfibriladores Implantables , Impedancia Eléctrica , Femenino , Cardiopatías/sangre , Cardiopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Cardiopatías/fisiopatología , Cardiopatías/cirugía , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/sangre , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Edema Pulmonar/sangre , Edema Pulmonar/complicaciones , Edema Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Curva ROC , Telemedicina/instrumentación , Vena Cava Inferior/ultraestructura , Aumento de PesoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Residual risk of cardiovascular disease from increased small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL)-cholesterol levels and low n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels is a considerable therapeutic issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ezetimibe as an add-on to statins and supplemental eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on sdLDL cholesterol and absorption of EPA in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS: The study population consisted of ten male patients who were concurrently receiving statins and EPA 1,800 mg/day. Serum lipids and PUFAs, including EPA and arachidonic acid, were measured in blood samples collected before ezetimibe (baseline), 4 weeks after starting 10-mg/day ezetimibe, and 4 weeks after discontinuing ezetimibe. RESULTS: Ezetimibe significantly decreased sdLDL-cholesterol levels after 4 weeks of treatment (baseline 35 ± 13 mg/dl; treatment 27 ± 9 mg/dl), but the levels returned to baseline after discontinuation of ezetimibe (37 ± 13 mg/dl). The concentration of EPA did not significantly change during the study. CONCLUSION: Ezetimibe shows great promise as an add-on therapy to statins to reduce sdLDL-cholesterol-related residual risk of cardiovascular disease without affecting absorption of supplemental EPA in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapéutico , Azetidinas/uso terapéutico , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacocinética , Anciano , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ezetimiba , Humanos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is closely associated with the presence of coronary artery plaques that are vulnerable to rupture. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have more VAT than patients without DM, but the extent to which VAT contributes to the characteristics of coronary plaques before and after the development of DM is not fully understood. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 456 patients (60% male, age 64 ± 16 years) who were suspected to have cardiovascular disease and underwent 64-slice computed tomography angiography (CTA). Seventy-one (16%) patients had vulnerable plaques (CT density < 50 Hounsfield Units, positive remodeling index > 1.05, and adjacent spotty areas of calcification). RESULTS: Patients were divided into tertiles according to the VAT area. There were stepwise increases in noncalcified and vulnerable plaques with increasing tertiles of VAT area in patients without DM, but not in patients with DM. Multivariate analysis showed that a larger VAT area was significantly associated with a higher risk of vulnerable plaque in patients without DM (odds ratio 3.17, 95% confidence interval 1.08-9.31, p = 0.04), but not in patients with DM. CONCLUSIONS: The VAT area is associated with the characteristics of coronary plaques on CTA in patients without DM, but not in patients with DM. VAT may be a significant cardiometabolic risk factor that is associated with plaque vulnerability before the development of DM. CTA findings may help to improve risk stratification in such patients.
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Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico por imagen , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Grasa Intraabdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagen , Placa Aterosclerótica/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector/métodos , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
To better understand the phosphorus (P) cycling in an agricultural soil environment, amounts of total, organic and inorganic P in 10 agricultural soil samples were analyzed. Since a large proportion (57.8%) of the total P in the soils was in organic form, a method was developed to evaluate the mineralization rate of organic P in the soil by adding phytate to the soil and analyzing the change in water-soluble P (WSP) content after incubating it for 3 days. Moreover, the relationship between the phytate mineralization activity and bacterial biomass in 60 agricultural soils was also investigated, where the phytate mineralization activity ranged from 0 to 61.7% (average: 18.8%), and the R² value between phytate mineralization activity and indigenous bacterial biomass was 0.11 only. Phytate-degrading bacteria were isolated from the soil environment, and identified as Pseudomonas rhodesiae JT29, JT32, JT33, JT34, JT35, Pseudomonas sp. JT30, and Flavobacterium johnsoniae JT31. When P. rhodesiae JT29 and F. johnsoniae JT31 were inoculated into the agricultural soils, the phytate mineralization activities were increased up to 16 and 27 times, respectively. It was concluded that promotion of effective phytate-degrading bacterial strains could improve the sustainable P management in the agricultural soils.
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Flavobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Flavobacterium/metabolismo , Ácido Fítico/metabolismo , Pseudomonas/aislamiento & purificación , Pseudomonas/metabolismo , Microbiología del Suelo , Biomasa , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Flavobacterium/clasificación , Flavobacterium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fósforo/análisis , Pseudomonas/clasificación , Pseudomonas/crecimiento & desarrollo , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
A real-time PCR quantification method for indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (HDB) carrying the alkB gene in the soil environment was developed to investigate their distribution in soil. The detection limit of indigenous HDB by the method was 1 × 10(6) cells/g-soil. The indigenous HDB were widely distributed throughout the soil environment and ranged from 3.7 × 10(7) to 5.0 × 10(8) cells/g-soil, and the ratio to total bacteria was 0.1-4.3 %. The dynamics of total bacteria, indigenous HDB, and Rhodococcus erythropolis NDKK6 (carrying alkB R2) during bioremediation were analyzed. During bioremediation with an inorganic nutrient treatment, the numbers of these bacteria were slightly increased. The numbers of HDB (both indigenous bacteria and strain NDKK6) were gradually decreased from the middle stage of bioremediation. Meanwhile, the numbers of these bacteria were highly increased and were maintained during bioremediation with an organic nutrient. The organic treatment led to activation of not only the soil bacteria but also the HDB, so an efficient bioremediation was carried out.
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Hidrocarburos/metabolismo , Rhodococcus/metabolismo , Microbiología del Suelo , Alcanos/metabolismo , Carga Bacteriana , Biodegradación Ambiental , Biota , Carbono/metabolismo , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/genética , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/metabolismo , Petróleo/metabolismo , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/metabolismo , Rhodococcus/genética , Suelo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Accumulations of inorganic nitrogen (NH4âº, NO2â», and NO3â») were analyzed to evaluate the nitrogen circulation activity in 76 agricultural soils. Accumulation of NH4⺠was observed, and the reaction of NH4âºâ NO2â» appeared to be slower than that of NO2â» â NO3â» in agricultural soil. Two autotrophic and five heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were isolated and identified from the soils, and the ammonia-oxidizing activities of the autotrophic AOB were 1.0 × 10³-1.0 × 106 times higher than those of heterotrophic AOB. The relationship between AOB number, soil bacterial number, and ammonia-oxidizing activity was investigated with 30 agricultural soils. The ratio of autotrophic AOB number was 0.00032-0.26% of the total soil bacterial number. The soil samples rich in autotrophic AOB (>1.0 × 104 cells/g soil) had a high nitrogen circulation activity, and additionally, the nitrogen circulation in the agricultural soil was improved by controlling the autotrophic AOBs.
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Amoníaco/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/química , Suelo/química , Agricultura , Procesos Autotróficos , Nitrificación , Nitrógeno/análisis , Microbiología del SueloRESUMEN
Peptide uptake by plant roots from degraded soybean-meal products was analyzed in Brassica rapa and Solanum lycopersicum. B. rapa absorbed about 40% of the initial water volume, whereas peptide concentration was decreased by 75% after 24 h. Analysis by reversed-phase HPLC showed that number of peptides was absorbed by the roots during soaking in degraded soybean-meal products for 24 h. Carboxyfluorescein-labeled root hair-promoting peptide was synthesized, and its localization, movement, and accumulation in roots were investigated. The peptide appeared to be absorbed by root hairs and then moved to trichoblasts. Furthermore, the peptide was moved from trichoblasts to atrichoblasts after 24 h. The peptide was accumulated in epidermal cells, suggesting that the peptide may have a function in both trichoblasts and atrichoblasts.
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Péptidos/farmacocinética , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Brassica rapa , Epidermis de la Planta/metabolismoRESUMEN
The autodegradation-resistant mutant thermolysins (TLNs), L155A (Leu(155) to Ala) and L155S (Leu(155) to Ser), were previously constructed by site-directed mutagenesis to enhance thermostability. These mutations suppressed autodegradation at position 154-155, resulting in increased thermostability. However, a new autodegradation site became apparent in these mutant TLNs, at position 155-156. In this study, further stabilization of the mutant TLNs to suppress this new autodegradation was attempted by the substitution of Ile(156) to Asp and Val (L155A-I156N, L155A-I156V, L155S-I156N, and L155S-I156V). SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the autodegradation at 155-156 of all double-mutant TLNs was suppressed. Thermostability at 80 °C was enhanced in all double-mutant TLNs (half-life at 80 °C: WT, 18.3 min; L155A, 25.0 min; L155S, 24.0 min; L155A-I156N, 60.8 min; L155A-I156V, 62.4 min; L155S-I156N, 93.3 min; and L155S-I156V, 40.0 min), and k (cat)/K (m) values were: WT, 220; L155A, 240; L155S, 123; L155A-I156N, 62; L155A-I156V, 760; L155S-I156N, 240; and L155S-I156V, 520 min(-1) mM(-1).
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Bacillus/enzimología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Leucina/genética , Termolisina/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , Bacillus/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Clonación Molecular , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Escherichia coli/enzimología , Semivida , Calor , Cinética , Leucina/química , Modelos Moleculares , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Mutación , Proteolisis , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Termolisina/química , Termolisina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Despite the use of statin therapy and achieving the target for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a substantial number of coronary events are not prevented, and residual risk factors remain unsettled. Recently, ezetimibe has been shown to reduce not only low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but also triglyceride (TG) levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of residual risk factors, mainly hypertriglyceridemia, with endothelial function during statin therapy in patients with coronary heart disease and examine the effect of ezetimibe add-on therapy. A total of 109 consecutive patients with coronary heart disease during statin therapy were enrolled. Lipid profile was measured and endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in a fasting state. Next, 32 patients with high TG levels (≥150 mg/dl) were prospectively assigned to the ezetimibe add-on group or the no-ezetimibe group, and endothelial function was assessed after 3 months. Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that serum TG and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were independent determinants of percentage FMD (ß = -0.210 and 0.208, respectively, p <0.05). In patients with high TG levels, ezetimibe add-on therapy significantly improved percentage FMD (from 3.3 ± 1.1% to 4.0 ± 1.1%, p <0.005), whereas no significant change was observed in the no-ezetimibe group. Moreover, the improvement in percentage FMD was significantly associated with reduction in serum TG levels (ß = -0.387, p <0.05) independent of the change in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In conclusion, hypertriglyceridemia is independently associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease during statin therapy. Ezetimibe add-on therapy improves endothelial function in these high-risk populations.
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Azetidinas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Hipertrigliceridemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Azetidinas/efectos adversos , HDL-Colesterol , Puente de Arteria Coronaria , Enfermedad Coronaria/sangre , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ezetimiba , Femenino , Humanos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangre , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios Prospectivos , Análisis de Regresión , Prevención Secundaria , Triglicéridos/sangre , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
In the latent pro-form of matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7), the cysteine residue in the pro-peptide binds the active-site zinc ion. Hence, recombinant active MMP-7 was prepared from pro-MMP-7 by modification of this cysteine residue with a mercuric reagent. In this study, mature MMP-7 was expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies, solubilized, and refolded with 1 M L-arginine. The purified product was indistinguishable from the one prepared from pro-MMP-7 as assessed by hydrolysis of (7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl-L-Pro-L-Leu-Gly-L-Leu-[N(3)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-L-2,3-diaminopropionyl]-L-Ala-L-Arg-NH(2).
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Escherichia coli/genética , Metaloproteinasa 7 de la Matriz/biosíntesis , Metaloproteinasa 7 de la Matriz/aislamiento & purificación , Ingeniería de Proteínas/métodos , Replegamiento Proteico , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arginina/farmacología , Secuencia de Bases , Escherichia coli/citología , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cuerpos de Inclusión/genética , Metaloproteinasa 7 de la Matriz/química , Metaloproteinasa 7 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Replegamiento Proteico/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , SolubilidadRESUMEN
To analyze the relationship between biomass of microorganisms and methane production, the total biomass of bacteria and archaea (BA) during methane fermentation was analyzed by the environmental DNA analysis method. In the case of using methanogenic sludge as a seed which is generally used for methane fermentation, the total BA biomass reached to 1.5 x 10(8) to 3.6 x 10(8) cells/ml when methane was produced. On the other hand, soil suspension was used as a seed; methane was not produced for 14-day cultivation. However, the total BA biomass reached to above 1.5 x 10(8) cells/ml. The methanogen biomass was counted by using a fluorescence microscope (coenzyme F420), and the methanogen biomass and the ratio of methanogens in the total of BA were analyzed during methane fermentation. At the methane-producing phase, the methanogen biomass reached to 1.3 x 10(8) cells/ml, and the ratio of methanogens was above 70% of the total BA. When the ratio of methanogens in a seed was changed, the methane-producing phase was moved. However, the relationship between methanogens and other microorganisms at the methane-producing phase was almost similar.
Asunto(s)
Archaea/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Metano/metabolismo , Anaerobiosis , Biomasa , Reactores Biológicos , ADN de Archaea/análisis , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Euryarchaeota/metabolismo , Fermentación , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Thirty-six bacteria that degraded long-chain hydrocarbons were isolated from natural environments using long-chain hydrocarbons (waste car engine oil, base oil or the c-alkane fraction of base oil) as the sole carbon and energy source. A phylogenetic tree of the isolates constructed using their 16S rDNA sequences revealed that the isolates were divided into six genera plus one family (Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus, Gordonia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Bacillus and Alcaligenaceae, respectively). Furthermore, most of the isolates (27 of 36) were classified into the genera Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus or Gordonia. The hydrocarbon-degradation similarity in each strain was confirmed by the 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (2,6-DCPIP) assay. Isolates belonging to the genus Acinetobacter degraded long-chain normal alkanes (n-alkanes) but did not degrade short-chain n-alkanes or cyclic alkanes (c-alkanes), while isolates belonging to the genera Rhodococcus and Gordonia degraded both long-chain n-alkanes and c-alkanes.
Asunto(s)
2,6-Dicloroindofenol/química , Bacterias/metabolismo , Hidrocarburos/metabolismo , Filogenia , Bacterias/clasificación , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Peptide(s) produced from degraded soybean protein by an alkaline protease from Bacillus circulans HA12 (degraded soybean-meal products; DSP) increased the number of both the root hair cells (trichoblasts) and hairless cells (atrichoblasts) of Brassica rapa by about 4.4 times and 1.9 times, respectively. To identify the root hair-promoting peptide(s) in DSP, the origin protein of the root hair-promoting peptide(s) was identified as Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI). The root hair-promoting peptide in the degraded products of KTI was purified and produced a signal of 1,198.2 Da with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. A search of the amino acid sequence of KTI located the peptide GGIRAAPTGNER, which had a molecular weight identical to 1,198.2 Da. The peptide GGIRAAPTGNER was chemically synthesized, and the synthetic peptide possessed root hair-promoting activity. Thus, it is concluded that this peptide in DSP is the foreign bioactive peptide promoting the differentiation of root hairs.