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A five year old male mongrel dog was presented for medical consultation with a history of arthralgia. Complete blood count revealed linfopenia and neutropenia, antinuclear antibody was positive at 1:1,256, and synovial fluid analysis showed inflammatory arthritis with lupus erythematosus cells. No significant proteinuria was detected on urinalysis, and microalbuminuria measurement was performed to determine glomerulonephritis in early stage. Based on clinical signs, synovial fluid analysis, antinuclear antibody test and complete blood count, the diagnosis was systemic lupus erythematosus. The measurement of microalbuminuria was useful to demonstrate the absence of glomerulonephritis, and the performance of complementary tests proved to be indispensable for diagnosis and prognosis. Glucocorticoid treatment led to complete remission.

Foi atendido um cão com cinco anos de idade sem raça definida, macho, por apresentar artralgia. O hemograma revelou linfopenia e neutropenia, o anticorpo antinuclear foi positivo em 1:1.256 e a análise de líquido sinovial demostrou artropatia inflamatória com células de lúpus eritematoso. Não foi detectada proteinúria significativa na urinálise, e exame de detecção de microalbuminúria foi realizada para determinar glomerulonefrite em fase inicial. Baseado em sinais clínicos, análise do líquido sinovial, teste de anticorpos antinucleares e hemograma, o diagnóstico foi lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. A mensuração da microalbuminúria mostrou-se útil para demonstrar ausência de glomerulonefrite, e a realização de exames complementares mostrou-se indispensável para o diagnóstico e o prognóstico. O tratamento com glicocorticoides levou à remissão completa dos sinais clínicos.

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We developed a multiplex, quantitative, real-time, polymerase chain reaction assay for cytomegalovirus (CMV) and used it to measure the CMV viral load in weekly blood specimens from 43 lung transplant recipients. The median viral load in blood samples immediately preceding bronchoscopy was 1150 copies/microg human DNA for 12 subjects with pneumonitis compared to 91 copies for 31 subjects without (P=0.02, Mann-Whitney U test). Each log10 increase in CMV viral load resulted in an increase of 1.92 in the odds ratio for CMV pneumonitis (95% confidence interval 1.03-3.56). CMV viral load was elevated (>100 copies/microg human DNA) for a median of 21 days before bronchoscopy in those subjects with pneumonitis versus 0 days in those without (P=0.004). We conclude that the risk of CMV pneumonitis after lung transplantation is related to the level of CMV DNA in blood. Quantitative PCR should be evaluated prospectively for the preemptive management of CMV in lung transplant recipients.

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BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) resistance to ganciclovir has become increasingly common in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients but has only rarely been reported in recipients of solid organ transplants. METHODS: A retrospective study of ganciclovir susceptibility testing of CMV isolates recovered from lung transplant recipients was performed. Patients with CMV isolates having partial (1 or =3 microg/ml) to ganciclovir determined by plaque reduction assay were included in a case-control study to identify risk factors for ganciclovir resistance. RESULTS: Between 2/91 and 5/98, 18 patients (5.2% of patients transplanted) were found to have CMV infections with some degree of ganciclovir resistance (4 partially, 14 fully resistant). More positive viral blood cultures (3.2+/-2.5 vs. 1.6+/-1.4 CMV positive cultures, P=0.02) and more episodes of CMV pneumonitis (0.24+/-0.23 vs. 0.10+/-0.17 episodes/bronchoscopy, P=0.02) occurring before the detection of resistance were seen among resistant patients than controls. Ganciclovir-resistant patients received more antithymocyte globulin during induction (70+/-44 vs. 45+/-39 mg/kg, P=0.03) and received ganciclovir for a greater number of days (79+/-52 vs. 64+/-53 days, P=0.005) before the detection of resistance than controls. Ganciclovir-resistant patients had a shorter survival and an earlier onset of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome compared with patients in the transplant database at Washington University. CONCLUSIONS: Ganciclovir-resistant CMV infection is a serious complication of solid organ transplantation associated with more episodes of viremia, more frequent disease, earlier onset of bronchiolitis obliterans and shorter survival. The use of antithymocyte globulin and prolonged exposure to ganciclovir are risk factors for the development of ganciclovir resistance.

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The incidence of elder mistreatment is expected to increase as the baby boom generation ages and more elderly people are living or receiving care at home. Despite increased awareness and reporting of other forms of domestic abuse and neglect, recognition and management of elder abuse lag far behind actual incidents. Drs Kruger and Moon describe the signs of mistreatment as well as the physician's role in reporting and management.

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