RESUMEN
Several factors have been associated with HIV infection, but alcohol consumption has not been studied completely. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and HIV infection. A case-control study was undertaken with HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients, matched by sex and age (+/- 2 years). Latin-American Alcoholism Test (long version) was used to evaluate alcoholism diagnosis. A total of 198 cases were matched with 198 controls: 38.9% of cases were diagnosed as alcoholics, and only 22.7% of controls (p < 0.001). The multivariate model showed that economic income (p < 0.001), sexual orientation (p < 0.001), and alcoholism diagnosis (p < 0.001) were associated with HIV infection. This study demonstrates an association between alcohol consumption, homosexual practices between men and economic income with the prevalence of HIV infection.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/etiología , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Perú/epidemiología , Conducta Sexual , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Several factors have been associated with HIV infection, but alcohol consumption has not been studied completely. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and HIV infection. A case-control study was undertaken with HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients, matched by sex and age (± 2 years). Latin-American Alcoholism Test (long version) was used to evaluate alcoholism diagnosis. A total of 198 cases were matched with 198 controls: 38.9 percent of cases were diagnosed as alcoholics, and only 22.7 percent> of controls (p < 0.001). The multivariate model showed that economic income (p < 0.001), sexual orientation (p < 0.001), and alcoholism diagnosis (p < 0.001) were associated with HIV infection. This study demonstrates an association between alcohol consumption, homosexual practices between men and economic income with the prevalence of HIV infection.
Se conocen diversos factores asociados a la infección por VIH, siendo uno de los menos estudiados el consumo de alcohol. El propósito de este trabajo es evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la infección por VIH. Se realizó un estudio caso-control, pacientes con y sin infección por VIH, apareados por sexo y edad (± 2 años). Se utilizó la Prueba de Alcoholismo Latinoamericano Versión Larga para el diagnóstico de alcoholismo. Se evaluaron 198 casos y 198 controles: 38,9 por ciento de los casos fueron diagnosticados de alcoholismo y sólo 22,7 por ciento de los controles (p < 0,001). El modelo multivariado mostró que el ingreso económico (p < 0,001), la orientación sexual (p < 0,001), así como el diagnóstico de alcoholismo (p < 0,001) se asociaron a la infección. Este estudio demuestra una asociación entre el consumo de alcohol, las prácticas homosexuales entre hombres y el ingreso económico con la prevalencia de infección por VIH.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Alcoholismo/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Alcoholismo/diagnóstico , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Infecciones por VIH/etiología , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Perú/epidemiología , Conducta Sexual , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Results from various surface sensitive characterization techniques suggest a model for the interaction of the piperidinopyrimidine dipyridamole (DIP)--known as a vasodilator and inhibitor of P-glycoprotein associated multidrug resistance of tumor cells--with phospholipid monolayers in which the drug is peripherally associated with the membrane, binding (up to) five phospholipids at a time. These multiple interactions are responsible for a very strong association of the drug with the lipid monolayer even at exceedingly low concentrations (approximately 0.2 mol%). Electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding are likely involved in the binding of DIP to DPPC. Cooperative effects among the lipids are invoked to explain the macroscopically measurable changes of lipid monolayer properties even when only one out of 100 DPPC molecules is directly associated with a DIP molecule. A reversal of the observed changes upon drug association with the membrane as the DIP concentration surpasses a threshold concentration (c(crit)approximately 0.5 mol%) may be explained by cooperativity in a different context, the self-aggregation of drug molecules. With its implications for the interaction of DIP with phospholipid films, this work provides a first approach to the explanation of the high sensitivity of cell membranes to piperidinopyrimidine drugs on a molecular level.
Asunto(s)
Dipiridamol/química , Fosfolípidos/química , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Microscopía Fluorescente , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Electricidad Estática , Propiedades de Superficie , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Review was undertaken of 5 521 serum samples that had been tested to detect or confirm the presence of different hepatitis A, B, and delta serologic markers. The sources of the samples included a national reference laboratory, several outbreaks of viral hepatitis in civilian and military populations, and a serologic survey. They were examined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus was very high (x=92.2 percent) and it was uniform. Prevalence of hepatitis B markers was more variable and inconsistent; it was high in samples from the Jungle region of Perú, where the average prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 4.9 percent. Antibodies to delta hepatitis were present in 28.6 percent of the carriers of HBsAg identified in the outbreaks. All the outbreaks had similarities, including a high, ciclic case-fatality rate associate with the delta virus. Hepatitis B is highly endemic in Perú, while hepatitis B has average endemicity. It will be necessary to do more research in order to better understand the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in this country
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antihepatitis/aislamiento & purificación , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Hepatitis Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , PerúRESUMEN
A review was undertaken of 5 521 serum samples that had been tested to detect or confirm the presence of different hepatitis A, B, and delta serologic markers. The sources of the samples included a national reference laboratory, several outbreaks of viral hepatitis in civilian and military populations, and a serologic survey. They were examined using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A virus was very high (x=92.2 percent) and it was uniform. Prevalence of hepatitis B markers was more variable and inconsistent; it was high in samples from the Jungle region of Peru, where the average prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 4.9 percent. Antibodies to delta hepatitis were present in 28.6 percent of the carriers of HBsAg identified in the outbreaks. All the outbreaks had similarities, including a high, ciclic case-fatality rate associate with the delta virus. Hepatitis B is highly endemic in Peru, while hepatitis B has average endemicity. It will be necessary to do more research in order to better understand the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in this country