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In the article there are presented the results of calculations of a number of emissions of pollutants from motor vehicles in two districts of the city of Irkutsk. It was revealed that with the change in the structure and intensity of road traffic flows on highways of the city, there is altered the composition and quantity of pollutant emissions, tropic to the respiratory system of the human body. That is of great importance, because in the city of Irkutsk the rate of morbidity and mortality from respiratory diseases is higher than in average in Russia.

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The literature data concerning structure of cyclo-oxigenase-1--the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis and the main target of anti-platelet therapy with the use of acetylsalicilic acid are presented in the review. The data on cyclooxigenase-1 gene polymorphism, distribution of the revealed variants in various populations and their possible correlation with biochemical and functional aspirin resistance are presented.

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PPARs play the key role in energy homeostasis, inflammation, development of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, therefore the special attention is spared to synthesis of the ligand PPARs (fibrates, thiazolidinediones). Three isoforms of PPARs are activated by the fatty acids and their derivatives - eukosanoides. Polymorphism of the Pro 12Ala gene PPARG2 affects the sensitiveness of tissues to insulin and the risk of the development diabetes. It is assumed that the PPAR polymorphism is related to the differential answer on pharmacotherapy that is the foundation for development of the personification of the drug application and the estimate of prognosis.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from 1-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). NO participates in regulation of physiologically important cardiovascular functions (contractive reduction of heart, cellular proliferation, a tone of vessels and blood pressure), immunity, and nervous systems. Inflammation factors, hypoxia, lipids affect NO synthesis. Intensity of eNOS gene transcription depends on polymorphic alleles of eNOS gene, posttranscriptional mechanisms providing mRNA stability. All these factors have effects on development of cardiovascular events.

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The aim of the study was to investigate influence of polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene on peculiarities of clinical process of such cardiovascular pathology as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronary arterial disease and arterial hypertension. The polymorphism of ACE gene was studied in 98 patients: 38 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 35 with coronary arterial disease and 25 with arterial hypertension. Nuclear DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes by phenol-chloroform method. Genotypes of ACE gene were determined by polymeraze chain reaction, followed with electrophoresis in agarose gel. It has been established, that I/D polymorphism of ACE gene has important modificative significance in clinical process at the mentioned diseases.

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The activities of hospital-replacing forms (HRF) of medical care are analyzed for the Samara and Tver regions. In the Samara region the number of HRF beds was 13.2 per 10,000 population, 9.3 of these at day-time hospitals of outpatient centers and 3.9 at hospitals. In the Tver region the number of day-time beds was 5.5 at hospitals and 0.97 at outpatient centers per 10,000 population. In the Samara region the estimated number of days of treatment at HRF was 475 per 1000 population, which is sufficient.

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Several men were examined for association between restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) Xba I (exon 26) number of tandem repeats in 3'-hypervariable region of the apolipoprotein-B gene and serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. These two types of polymorphism were studied. An association of the Xba I site and alleles containing more repeats in the 3'-hypervariable region with higher cholesterol and triglyceride was observed. 32 patients with CHD aged 24-56 years were examined. All the patients are males with clinical picture of CHD (stable angina pectoris of II-III functional classes) and dyslipoproteinemia of II a, II b and IV types by D. S. Fredrickson. Xba-I polymorphism of apo-B gene was detected by DNA polymerase reaction method. The following Xba-I genotypes were distinguished: X1X1 (absence of Xba I site); X1X2 (heterozygosity on Xba I site) and X2X2 (homozygosity on Xba-I site). Lipantil (fenofibratte) was prescribed in a dose of 300 mg daily after meals (100 mg three times a day). Data obtained show that DNA polymorphism of apo-B gene not only influences plasma lipids concentration but also determines effectiveness of hypolipidemic therapy. Hypolipidemic effect of lipantil depends on Xba-I site presents in apo-B gene and is significantly expressed in homozygous patients with X1X1 genotype.

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The influence of different types of apoB gene restrictive polymorphism on the development of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in various populations is discussed. It is suggested the study of apoB gene variants for the detection of genetic marker combinations associated with the development of atherosclerosis.

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Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apo-B gene at the Xbal restriction site was detected. The association between RFLP of the apo-B gene and the level of lipid metabolism indices was revealed. The levels of total cholesterol LDLP CH and atherogenicity coefficient were significantly higher in homozygotes with this restriction site (X2X2) than in homozygotes X1X1 and heterozygotes.

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The necessity of planning the hospital network (bed capacity and its structure) in combination with social security institutions is validated. Thus, planning of the hospital network should be carried out in combination with social security institutions, the degree of development of other forms of medical services (hospitals at home, day hospitals, curative and diagnostic complexes, etc.) being taken into account. By preliminary estimates the demand for hospital beds is 127 per 10,000, 13 for chronic patients and the elderly in medicosocial facilities, 38.9 in social security institutions. Realization of the principles of differentiated hospital treatment of patients according to the degree of its intensity enables one to use hospital resources more effectively and to raise the quality of inpatient care. It is recommended to differentiate specific investments in hospital construction (25,000-70,000 rubles per a bed) according to the demand in hospital beds at different stages of treatment intensity and hierarchial level of medical care organization. Equal possibilities in the provision of inpatient care for the whole population can be achieved within the framework of unified regional models of the network of health care facilities, based on the standard target approach to the utilization of hospital resources.

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The effects of electrolytes, chemical modifications of amino groups, and inhibitor binding on the hydration and intrinsic compressibility of lysozyme have been studied using precise ultrasound velocity measurements. The interaction of lithium ions with lysozyme accompanied by cooperative decrease of hydration contribution has been revealed. The neutralization of positively charged amino groups due to their modification is shown not only to decrease the hydration of lysozyme but also to increase its intrinsic compressibility. Binding of tri-N-acetylglycosamine to lysozyme is found to induce the 10-15% decrease in globule intrinsic compressibility. The changes observed in intrinsic compressibility of lysozyme correlate with those of its dynamic properties.

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