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The article deals with indicators of cell composition of umbilical blood (fetus blood) in case of normal pregnancy (n = 38) and hypoferric anemia of light degree (n = 14)10 the hematologic analyzer of medium class was applied. The parameters of erythrocytes of fetus blood in case of hypoferric anemia of light degree were sufficiently stable and had no differences with normal values both in mean values and variability. The variety of adaptive index of fetus blood (Garkavi index) was significantly higher in case of hypoferric anemia as compared with normal values. This occurrence testifies higher stability of indicators of adaptation in case of moderate ferric deficiency. The study results testify the informativity of applied approach related to assessment of stability of cell composition of fetus blood.

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The paper raises a problem of preparing samples in hematology. It considers whether the preanalytical stage is of importance in hematological studies. The use of disposal vacuum blood collection systems is shown to solve the problem in the standardization of a blood sampling procedure. The benefits of the use of close tube hematology analyzers are also considered.

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With the advent of new cytological techniques, such as computer morphometry, the problems in the study of the structure of reticulocytes that characterize insignificant changes in the parameters of erythroid population functioning in the bone marrow in response to altered hemoglobin synthesis in patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) become topical. The changes in peripheral blood reticulocytes in IDA determine those in red blood cells and may be a reliable differential diagnostic tool to identify IDA.

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The authors have used a coefficient that characterizes the functional activity of red blood cells. Evidence is provided for the significance of the coefficient, by comparing the groups of gynecological and gynecological cancer patients.

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The aim of the study was to elucidate complex changes in Hgb, erythrocyte count, ESR, and MCH in patients with oncogynecological problems depending on the affected organ and stage of the disease. A total of 340 women were examined in the oncogynecological department of No 40 city hospital, Moscow, from 2005 to 2008. The group included 132 patients with gynecological, 177 with oncogynecological and 31 with oncologycal diseases. A common coefficient was derived to characterize functional activity of erythrocytes The notion of intoxication effect coefficient (IC) is introduced and substantiated. Erythrocyte IC is shown to be useful for the comparison of groups with gynecological and oncogynecological problems. It decreases in patients with a tumorigenic process depending on its phase.

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The correlation between the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of red blood cells in patients with hemophilia was studied due to the data available in the literature, showing an inverse relation. Anticoagulant-stabilized venous blood was a material to be tested. Patients with severe hemophilia A or B (factor VIII/IX < 1%; the normal values were 50-200%) were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) those with an exacerbation of hemorrhagic syndrome and 2) those without an exacerbation. The patients with hemophilia with an exacerbation of the hemorrhagic syndrome showed a certain correlation between ESR and EPM, yielding two type of curves, which corresponded to two subgroups of patients. There was no correlation between EPM and ESR in the no-exacerbation group.

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It is now known that the electric charge of a surface cellular membrane is a rather characteristic value for each type of a cell. Cellular electrophoresis may be used to study the electrokinetic properties of red blood cells in each specific case, thereby obtaining indirect information on the state of a surface membrane as the electrophoretic mobility (EPM) rate is directly proportional to the value of a cellular electric charge. The study was undertaken to compare the EPM rates of peripheral red blood cells from donors, by employing two different preservatives: EDTCHA and sodium citrate. No statistically significant differences were found in the groups under study and these parameters were comparable.

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A new prognostic criterion was developed to evaluate the severity of different forms of viral hepatitis, by studying zinc metabolism. In patients with viral hepatitis, zinc metabolic disturbances were ascertained to occur concurrently with pigment, protein, and carbohydrate metabolic disturbances, an increase in the activity of some serum enzymes (glutamine alkaline transferase, glutamine pyruvate transferase, alanine aminotransferase), and a reduction in hepatic antitoxic function. The indicator of normalization of zinc metabolism may be an additional prognostic criterion for evaluating the full recovery of a patient. The studied criterion enables the chronic pattern of viral hepatitis to be predicted in convalescents after their discharge from hospital.

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According to the experiment Hematology protocol, blood samples from the Russian members of ISS prime crews 1 to 5 were gathered on L-30 and R+0, 7, 15 to study metabolic parameters (ATP, reduced glutathione, LHG and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities). Lipid spectrum of membrane erythrocytes was determined in frozen erythrocyte mass; iron turnover and erythropoietin were investigated in frozen serum. Ratios of different erythrocyte forms were established in 32 microl of fixated whole blood using scanning electron microscopy. On R+0, the morpho-biochemical parameters of red blood appear to still carry the imprints of space effects and, to an extent, certain difference in the setting of blood sampling from the Mir crew on landing in the space "shuttle" vehicle. Low level of iron and significantly increased erythropoietin on R+0 are the testimony of intensive hemoglobin production and an adequate bone morrow response to the increased oxygen demand. Shifts in erythron are of no clinical implications but indicative of the red blood adaptation to the factors of space fight.

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Under the present conditions, the competitive capacity of a health care facility is provided by the high level and timeliness of diagnosis of disease. The diagnosis of the types of acute leukemia (AL) may be accomplished immunologically, by using a 33-marker panel and without consideration of the morphocytochemical parameters of blast cells. But such an approach complicates and prolongs the examination of patients with AL. Moreover, morphocytochemical data more exactly define the stages of blast cell differentiation than does the immunological phenotype. Their preparation methods are simple and cost-effective. Only M0, M6, and M7 forms of leukemia require compulsory blast cell phenotyping, particularly in the differential diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Search for new markers of leukemia cells, including lesions at the chromosomal or molecular levels, is under way. Some of them are only of theoretical value while other markers have been already used by hematologists to diagnose leukemia. Standardization in this essence is the self-assessment of a facility and reference comparison, which are based on the principles of its orientation to the patient, the adjusted system for controlling the quality of health care that is up to the world standards rather than the compliance with the state-regulated standard. The present paper discusses the ways of establishing the uniform rates and requirements for the morphocytochemical diagnosis of acute leukemias.

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Red blood was analyzed in six 25 to 40 yr. old male volunteers in a 120-d head-down bedrest (HDBR) study. The hematological investigation included morphological analyses (erythrocyte count and hemoglobin), and determination of iron turnover, erythrocyte IgA, IgG and IgM, metabolism, lipids and phospholipids, and lipid peroxidation rate (LPO). At the beginning of HDBR (day 7), the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content were found increased w/o any visible changes in the other parameters. Further exposure to HDBR (days 50-100) resulted in modification of intracellular metabolism in erythrocytes, increases in serum iron, and serum and erythrocyte ferritin. On HDBR days 50 and 100, and post-HDBR day 9, cholesterol was increased, LPO intensified and antioxidant activities inhibited, which suggested destabilization of the cell membrane. Hematological shifts in the bedrested volunteers were of the type and pattern similar to those in cosmonauts who fulfilled extended space missions.

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The following phenomena are observed in patients with late vascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM): the smoking habit alters the quantitative and morpho-functional characteristics of the erythron cells; it inhibits the lipid peroxidation processes in the erythrocytes membranes and aggravates the clinical course of endotoxicosis, which has a pathological impact on the rheological blood properties and worsens the tissues' hypoxia. A correlation was found between the pronouncement degree of anemic syndrome in diabetic angiopathies, on the one hand, and smoking, on the other hand. Smoking was found in patients with diabetic angiopathies to be a factor enhancing the metabolic stress, early signs of vascular complications and a risk of developing the anemic syndrome.

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AIM: To study the time of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of spin-lattice serum relaxation (T1) in the dynamics of an infectious process in patients with different forms of erysipelas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 37 patients with different clinical forms of erysipelas were examined in the acute period of the disease and in the early period of convalescence. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in T1 NMR was ascertained in patients with bullous hemorrhagic erysipelas as compared with those with erythematous form. CONCLUSION: Pronounced changes in the functional status of serum in patients with hemorrhagic forms of erysipelas are of great importance in the development of the local hemorrhagic syndrome.

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The count and size of erythrocytes are normally stable. In order to evaluate their ratio in health, some hematological diseases and during exposure to some ecological factors, peripheral blood erythrocytes were studied in 747 subjects (115 healthy controls aged 18-80 years, 56 subjects chronically exposed to ionizing radiation sources, 105 subjects working with aggressive liquids, 117 patients with anemias, and 81 with Hodgkin's disease). No relationship between erythrocyte count and MCV was detected in normal subjects and patients with anemia and Hodgkin's disease. It seems that this relationship is rather specific for hemopoiesis shifts associated with cell cycle delay, as it was detected in patients with B12 and folic deficiency anemias, in subjects chronically exposed to ionizing radiation sources, and in those handling nitrogen oxide in combination with heptyl.

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