RESUMEN
Genetic factors play an important role in the origin of obesity. We investigated the association between the FTO rs9939609 genotype and overweight and obesity, along with additional anthropometric variables in the representative sample of adult Polish population. We genotyped a random sample of 3369 adult individuals examined in a cross-sectional population survey (WOBASZ 2003-2005). More than 40% of men and women had at least one A allele. The AA genotype was found in approximately one fifth of both men and women. The frequency of the AA genotype increased with higher BMI in both sexes and was associated with higher anthropometric obesity indicators in both men and women. The FTO rs9939609 AA genotype was significantly related to abnormal BMI [OR=1.55 (1.14-2.11)] and overweight [OR=1.55 (1.11-2.16)] or obesity [OR=1.56 (1.04-235)] in men regardless of age, tobacco smoking, physical activity, diet and diabetes, while in women it was related to abnormal BMI [OR=1.45 (1.05-2.01)] and overweight [OR=1.59 (1.11-2.29)] after adjustment in addition for menopause. The frequency of the A allele in the Polish population was the same as in other European countries. About one fifth of both men and women have the FTO rs9939609 AA variant. A significant relationship was found between the FTO genotype and anthropometric obesity indicators. The AA genotype was significantly associated with abnormal BMI and overweight in both sexes, but the relation to the obesity phenotype was observed only in men.
Asunto(s)
Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Dioxigenasa FTO Dependiente de Alfa-Cetoglutarato/genética , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/genética , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/genética , Polonia/epidemiología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Poland in 2013-2014 and to determine the temporal trends between 2003-2005 and 2013-2014. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted in a representative sample of Polish adults, complemented by anthropometric and fasting plasma glucose measurements. The research was part of the national cross-sectional WOBASZ study. Diabetes was assessed as self-reported or screened (fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 7 mmol/l, based on one blood sample). RESULTS: In the years 2013-2014 among 5694 participants aged 20-74 years, 6.0% (95% CI 5.4-6.6) reported a previous diagnosis of diabetes (5.8% in women and 6.2% in men). In addition, 2.4% of the participants (95% CI 2.0-2.8) without a previous diagnosis of diabetes (1.8% of women and 3.1% of men) had a fasting blood glucose level ≥7.0 mmol/l in a single measurement. In a single measurement, 18.4% of the participants (95% CI 17.4-19.4; 13.2% of women and 23.8% of men) had impaired fasting glucose. The prevalence of dysglycaemia in the WOBASZ II study was significantly higher compared to the WOBASZ I study findings from 2003-2005, increased from 6.6% to 8.4% for diabetes and from 9.3% to 18.4% for impaired fasting glucose (after age and sex standardization to the 2013 Polish population). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes in Poland is similar to that observed in other European populations and has increased significantly over the last decade.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Estado Prediabético/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Ayuno , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polonia/epidemiología , Estado Prediabético/metabolismo , Prevalencia , Enfermedades no Diagnosticadas/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The brain natriuretic peptides (BNP, NT-proBNP) are useful diagnostic markers of heart failure (HF), as exemplified by the ESC Heart Failure guidelines. The PolSenior project was an epidemiological study carried out to examine medical, psychological and socioeconomic aspects of aging in Poland. The aim of this study is an epidemiological description of HF based on elderly population from the PolSenior Study, stratified by NT-pro-BNP concentration values. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research sample included 4979 respondents (2567 males and 2412 females) split into six equally sized age groups of elderly individuals. The study consisted of three visits performed by trained nurses and included a questionnaire survey, comprehensive geriatric assessment and blood and urine sampling with more than 50 biochemical parameters measured. Serum NT-pro-BNP was measured by electrochemiluminescence method (ECLIA). RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (77.8%) and atrial fibrillation (39.5%), number of hospitalizations (23.7%) and number of patients treated with HF drugs were highest in NT-proBNP > 2000 pg/ml group and least frequent in NT-proBNP < 400 pg/ml group. Obese patients had significantly more frequently NT-proBNP values < 400 pg/ml (73.0%) and less frequently NT-proBNP values >2000 pg/ml (2.8%). Age over 70 years and male gender were associated with the increased NT-pro-BNP (> 400 pg/ml) (OR 1.41; CI 1.20-1.65 for male gender). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that CKD and atrial fibrillation are associated with the occurrence of increased NT-pro-BNP, the surrogate for HF in elderly population. On the contrary, overweight or obesity is associated with lower prevalence of HF in elderly.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/sangre , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/sangre , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Fibrilación Atrial/sangre , Fibrilación Atrial/epidemiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Utilización de Medicamentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Masculino , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/epidemiología , Polonia/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/sangre , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/epidemiología , Caracteres SexualesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyse the epidemiology of active transportation and to investigate the relationship between commuting physical activity (PA) and socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics in Poland. METHODS: A cross sectional analysis was conducted among 7280 randomly selected individuals (3747 men and 3533 women) aged 20-74 years participating in the National Multicentre Health Survey WOBASZ (2002-2005). Socio-demographic, smoking and physical activity details were assessed by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Only 36% of the participants (30% men and 42% of women) are active commuters. Moreover, 55.4% of them spend less than 15 min/day on walking or cycling. The highest risk of commuting inactivity was noticed among residents of large urban settings, with university education, the highest income and low occupational PA in both genders. Smoking and leisure-time PA were not significantly associated with commuting activity. CONCLUSIONS: Active commuting is not common in Poland. There are several differences in commuting patterns as compared with the US or Western European populations. Due to important differences between various socio-demographic groups, future interventions should be specific for the targeted subpopulations.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Estilo de Vida , Transportes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Ciclismo/estadística & datos numéricos , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Polonia/epidemiología , Características de la Residencia , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Tiempo , Transportes/métodos , Caminata/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify physical activity patterns and determinants of physical inactivity in a representative sample of Polish adults. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of 14 769 randomly selected individuals (52.7% women and 47.3% men) aged 20-74 years participating in the National Polish Health Survey, WOBASZ (2002-2005). METHODS: Sociodemographic and lifestyle details were collected. Assessment of physical activity was based on selected questions from the CINDI Health Monitor Questionnaire. RESULTS: Approximately 35% of Polish adults are not physically active in leisure time, whilst 39.5% declare sufficient level of leisure-time physical activity. Leisure-time inactivity is significantly less likely in persons aged <35 years, those with university education and those living in rural areas. Almost 48% of men and 28.4% of women employed full- or part-time report highly active work, whilst sedentary work is reported by 42.7% of women and 30.2% of men. Low occupational activity is more prevalent in young adults, persons with university education and those living in large urban areas. Nearly 67% of the entire working population report no active commuting. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to promote various forms of physical activity, with special attention on active commuting and leisure-time activities across both genders and all age groups. Public health policies and programmes should focus on substantial differences between various sociodemographic groups.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Actividades Recreativas , Actividad Motora , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ocupaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Polonia/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Conducta Sedentaria , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Transportes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Morphologically normal foci of epithelial cells exhibiting p16 inactivation have been found in several tissues and may be precursors to cancer. Our previous work demonstrates that cells lacking p16(INK4A) activity exhibit phenotypes associated with malignancy (Romanov et al. 2001). The acquisition of genomic instability occurs through the activation of telomeric and centrosomal dysfunction. Additionally, the activation of stress pathways such as COX-2 provides these cells with the mutagenic potential to survive adverse environments as well as the ability to migrate, evade apoptosis and immune surveillance, and summon sustaining vasculature. Examination of archived tissue from women with DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) reveals epithelial cells that overexpress markers of premalignant stress activation pathways and mirror the distinctive expression patterns of these markers observed in vitro. These epithelial cells are found within the premalignant lesion as well as in the field of morphologically normal tissue that surrounds the lesion. Here, we show that p16(INK4A)-silenced vHMEC cells exhibit a gene expression profile which is distinct, reproducible, and extends beyond the changes mediated by p16(INK4A) inactivation. The present work suggests that cells lacking p16(INK4A) activity exhibit critical activities which allow cells to evade differentiation processes that would be expected to terminate proliferation. All of these properties are critical to malignancy. These events may be useful biomarkers to detect the earliest events in breast cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/genética , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/patología , Mama/metabolismo , Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/etiología , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/etiología , Centrosoma/metabolismo , Metilación de ADN , Epigénesis Genética , Células Epiteliales/clasificación , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/patología , Femenino , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Silenciador del Gen , Genes p16 , Inestabilidad Genómica , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Modelos Biológicos , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Telómero/genéticaRESUMEN
Southern Poland Epidemiological Survey (SPES) was carried out in 1997 in the former Katowice and Bielsko voivodeships with the aim of cardiovascular disease prevention. One of the objectives of SPES was to establish the prevalence of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. This paper describes a group of 41,927 adults (24,985 women and 16,942 men) with no signs and symptoms of ischaemic heart disease who participated in the study, comprising 83.7% of all the examined cohort. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, present in 55.8% and 45.3% of subjects respectively, were found to be the main risk factors in both men and women. Hypercholesterolemia was more prevalent in older age groups. 33.7% of women and 46.3% of men were overweight, 23.9% and 17% respectively were obese. 22.4% of women and 31.9% of men were active smokers. Smoking was more common in younger age groups. 25.3% of women and 21.5% of men had a positive family history for ischaemic heart disease before the age of 60 years. High prevalence of classical risk factors in the examined group indicates that population strategy should be introduced in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in this area.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiología , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiología , Adulto , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polonia/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous disease of heart. Nine chromosomal loci responsible for this condition have been identified: beta-myosin heavy chain, essential and regulatory myosin light chains, troponin T and I subunits, alpha-tropomosin, cardiac myosin binding protein C, cardiac actin and titin. These genes code for proteins involved in the contraction mechanism or in the control of contraction, therefore HCM has been classified as a disease of cardiac sarcomere. Over 107 mutations have been identified. More then half of them have been detected in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene (beta-MHC). Some mutations in beta-MHC gene are associated with a benign prognosis, other are associated with high incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and severe hypertrophy. Mutations in myosin binding protein C are associated with mild, delayed expression of cardiac hypertrophy and benign prognosis. Mutations in cardiac troponinT are associated with a mild degree of hypertrophy but a high incidence of SCD. Study of genes responsible for HCM will assume role in the context of clinical management of HCM, in particular regarding diagnosis and prognosis patients and families with HCM.
Asunto(s)
Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/genética , Expresión Génica/genética , Humanos , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/genética , Cadenas Pesadas de Miosina/genética , Mutación Puntual/genética , Pronóstico , Troponina I/genética , Troponina T/genéticaRESUMEN
Although it is well-established that p53 functions as a tumor suppressor gene, certain mutations exhibit gain-of-function activities that increase oncogenic transformation. We have found a common class of p53 missense mutation that exhibits a dominant, gain-of-function activity that generates genomic instability. Fibroblasts from Li-Fraumeni syndrome heterozygotes with such mutations generate polyploid cells when exposed to spindle depolymerizing agents. Expression of such mutant alleles in normal fibroblasts yields the same phenotype. This class of dominant, gain-of-function p53 mutation (p53(RSC), relaxed spindle checkpoint allele) does not require the transcriptional activation function of p53 for this behavior. Thus p53 mutations can contribute to progression of a cancer cell not only by absence of p53 tumor suppressor activity but also by the presence of an activity that promotes genetic instability.
Asunto(s)
Ciclo Celular , Replicación del ADN , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Síndrome de Li-Fraumeni/genética , Huso Acromático/fisiología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Animales , ADN de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Demecolcina/farmacología , Genes Dominantes , Heterocigoto , Humanos , Ratones , Mutación , Fase S , Especificidad de la Especie , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
One of the coronary disease diagnostic methods of big sensitivity and specificity is perfusive effort scintrigraphy of myocardium by means of thallium-201. For few years the dipyridamole test has been applied instead of the effort test. Perfusive scintigraphy of myocardium after provocative treatment by means of dipyridamole and then selective coronary arteriography of coronary vessels, have been carried out at 25 patients with ischemia. These studies showed almost 100% of conformability with exposing the ischemia zones in scintigraphy and coronary arteriography in cases of coronary vessels contraction over 50%. The dipyridamole test also revealed the ischemzones in myocardium that are in agreement with coronary vascularization deficiency. That test can be utilized in revealing the coronary disease and is helpful in qualifying patients for coronary arteriography. At the same time studies that have been carried out prove that applying dipyridamole is absolutely contraindicated in treating of coronary disease of the organic background.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Dipiridamol/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Therapeutic effects of TMZ treatment were evaluated in 31 patients with atrio-cochlear disorders caused by an insufficiency of cerebral circulation. It was found that the results of vestibular or cochlear disorders remission was dependent on the time interval between the onset of symptoms and the beginning of trimetazidine therapy. The best results were also found in patients suffering from atrio-cochlear disorders lasting not longer than two years and due to arterial hypertension or cerebral basilar artery insufficiency.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cocleares/tratamiento farmacológico , Trimetazidina/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Vestibulares/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cocleares/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Vestibulares/etiologíaRESUMEN
A rare case is described of extensive myocardial infiltrations during myeloid leukaemia in a patient with coexistent valvular heart disease, and active inflammatory process in the endocardium. The coexistence of these diseases caused even greater diagnostic difficulties. This case shows also that differential white blood cell sound should not be disregarded in cardiovascular diseases.
Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/complicaciones , Leucemia Mieloide/diagnóstico , Infiltración Leucémica/diagnóstico , Miocardio/patología , Adulto , Insuficiencia de la Válvula Aórtica/sangre , Endocarditis/sangre , Endocarditis/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/sangre , Leucemia Mieloide/complicaciones , Recuento de LeucocitosRESUMEN
The investigations were aimed at the objective evaluating of trimetazidine efficacy in the treatment of 30 patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease carried out in non-invasive manner. It was found that trimetazidine complies with several requirements for the effective drug administered to the patients with hypertension associated with ischemic heart disease as it: (a) reduces peripheral resistance and exerts favourable effect on the walls tonus of larger arteries; (b) lowers specifically post-exercise arterial pressure and improves resting arterial pressure; (c) reduces demand for oxygen; (d) is safe, and well tolerated by 83% of the treated patients in daily dose of 60 mg.