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Intensive chicken production leads to overuse of antibiotics on poultry farms. For food safety control, there is great need for means to use non-conventional matrices allowing analysis of antibiotics during poultry breeding. The main goal of this study was to demonstrate feathers as suitable material for non-invasive detection of doxycycline treatment in poultry. Transfer to and depletion of doxycycline in chicken feathers were investigated after therapeutic, spray, and subtherapeutic treatment. For the quantitative determination of doxycycline in feathers, a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method was used. High concentrations of doxycycline in feathers were detectable for 22 D post treatment in each experimental group, and they were much higher than those in muscle and liver. A washing experiment with the same solvent as for extraction showed different ratios between extractable and non-extractable residues in feathers of chickens treated therapeutically, by spraying and subtherapeutically, which demonstrates the ability of feather analysis to distinguish different forms of treatment. After a segmentation procedure, high amounts of doxycycline were found to be deposited in the upper part of feathers in each treatment group. The obtained results showed that chicken feathers are a suitable material for the detection and non-invasive surveillance of doxycycline.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide characteristics of the spread of African Swine Fever (ASF) in Poland from February to August, 2014. The samples from dead wild boar and domestic pigs were submitted to the National Veterinary Research Institute, National Reference Laboratory for ASF in Pulawy, Poland, for testing by PCR and ELISA methods. In the studied period, fourteen cases of ASF in wild boar and two outbreaks in backyard pigs were confirmed. In addition to the results of laboratory tests performed in 2014, the article describes the ASF surveillance programme in wild boar and pigs in Poland carried out in 2011-2013. The spread of ASF in Poland is compared with the epidemiological situation in Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus and the Russian Federation.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine if preprocedure coagulation testing predicts bleeding in patients undergoing flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) with biopsy. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Southeastern, urban Veteran Affairs Medical Center. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two hundred seventy-four patient charts representing 305 FOB with biopsy were reviewed for clinical predictors of bleeding, prebronchoscopy laboratory abnormalities, and incidence of bleeding complications. Thirty-five patients bled, and 3 had abnormal results of coagulation studies. Normal results of coagulation studies and no clinical risk factors were noted in 68 percent of patients who bled. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing flexible FOB with biopsy do not benefit from preprocedure coagulation testing.

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Objective information about legibility of physician handwriting is scant. This retrospective chart review compared handwritten general medicine clinic chart notes from internal medicine faculty and housestaff with their typed counterparts. The written counterparts took 11 seconds (46%) longer to read and 5 seconds (11%) longer to answer comprehension questions. The authors' comprehension measure (developed specifically for ambulatory clinic notes) was only slightly higher for typed notes. The legibility of physician handwriting is not as dismal as assumed; physicians can effectively communicate on paper.

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Older patients undergo 20 to 40% of surgical procedures and account for 50% of surgical emergencies. Your presurgical workup can pinpoint potential cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic problems that could endanger your patient in the operating room. Not everyone needs an extensive cardiac workup. To determine who does, you can use the Goldman criteria to predict the risk for postoperative cardiac complications. Preoperative test selection is based on these predicted risks and on information from the patient history and physical exam. Medication adjustments and discharge planning are important considerations as well.

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In the study tree cases of foreign bodies in bronchial tree were discussed to illustrate a proper way for their removal. According to time of their remaining in bronchial tree a foreign body may be removed immediately after aspiration or after special preparation with surgical and anesthetic assistance. Our studies documented the use of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in foreign body removal.

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An effect of beclomethasone dipropionate (Beclocort-Polfa) was investigated in the group of 24 patients with atopic and non-atopic bronchial asthma who have shown unspecific bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine during the periods of remission. The drug was administered in the form of aerosol in a daily dose of 1.0 mg for 4 weeks. Provocative histamine dose was established with Bronchoscreen device (Jaeger) thrice:prior to the treatment, after 1 week of placebo therapy, and after 1 month of beclomethasone administration. Statistically significant increase in histamine dose for provocation of bronchospasm (p < 0.01) being nearly twice higher than the baseline value has been noted in patients treated with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol. It advocates such a treatment in unspecific bronchial hyperreactivity independently of the type of the bronchial asthma.

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The aim of the study was to assess the effect of chronic steroid inhalation therapy on the upper airways in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 44 patients with a first time diagnosis of COPD were evaluated. 22 (11 males, 11 females) were treated with Beclomethasone (1 mg per day) for 6 months. 22 patients that were not treated made up the control group. All had a laryngological and phonic examination carried out, including stroboscopy of the vocal cords, bacteriological and mycological examination of the oral flora. Prior therapy in all patients abnormal findings were present. The six months therapy produced only further increase of hypo-tonus of the vocal cords, without significantly affecting the phonation time and voice pattern. An increase of voice hoarseness, fungal and bacteriological infections were not found.

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Nineteen patients (12 males, 7 females, mean age 59 +/- 10 years) with chronic obstructive lung disease and lowered ventilatory reserves in partial and full respiratory insufficiency (FEV1 f = 51 +/- 19%; MEF 50 = 23 +/- 13% pred. value, R(aw) = 220 +/- 120%; pO2 = 59 +/- 5; pCO2 = 41 +/- 10 mmHg) were included in the study. All had RVEF measured using radionuclide angiocardiography before and 60 minutes after oral administration of 20 mg of nifedipine. In all RVEF was initially reduced by 25%. After administration of NF in 12 patients a statistically significant increase of RVEF was seen (by a mean value of 12 = +/- 8%). iN 7 no significant increase could be seen. The two groups reactive and non-reactive to NF did not differ in age, sex, degree of ventilatory impairment, hypoxia, and initial decrease of RVEF.

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The human (T:T act) AMLR was characterized in its relationship to the (T:Non-T) AMLR and its validity as a nonxenogeneic antigen induced response was extended. Human T cell lines, established from responding T cells in an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), were maintained in medium containing human serum and interleukin-2 (IL-2). These cells stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation by autologous T cells and by autologous unfractionated blood mononuclear cells. Freshly activated T cells isolated from an autologous MLR stimulated autologous T cells to a lesser extent could be enhanced by adding IL-2. Twenty-five to 50% of T cells stimulated by activated T cells express the T8 determinant. In contrast, we have previously shown that less than 10% of T cells activated after 6 days in culture with non-T cells express the T8 determinant. The number of T8 bearing cells were increased significantly after 10 days in culture with non-T cells. This suggested that two types of reactions, the (T:Non-T) and (T:T act) AMLR, might occur in sequence when T cells and autologous non-T cells are cocultured: first, the activation of T4 cells by non-T cells, then by the activation of T8 cells by activated T4 cells. Finally, activated T cells can stimulate unfractionated autologous mononuclear cells without prior exposure to sheep erythrocytes or fetal calf serum.

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Microvillus membranes from rat kidney, jejunum, and epididymis have been purified by the Ca precipitation method. The membranes exhibit enrichment in specific activities of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aminopeptidase M, and a dipeptidase. The latter has been characterized and shown to be the principal activity responsible for the hydrolysis of S derivatives of Cys-Gly (including cystinyl-bis-glycine (Cys-bis-Gly) and 5-hydroxy-6-S-cysteinylglycyl-1-7,9-trans-11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene D4)). A method is described for the simultaneous purification of papain-solubilized forms of the three enzymes from renal microvilli. Dipeptidase (Mr = 105,000) appears to be a zinc metalloprotein composed of two Mr = 50,000 subunits. The enzyme is severalfold more effective in the hydrolysis of dipeptides than aminopeptidase M. Dipeptidase, in contrast to aminopeptidase M, is inhibited by thiol compounds; Cys-Gly, in particular, is a potent inhibitor (Ki = 20 microM). The inhibition of dipeptidase by thiols has been employed to probe the relative significance of dipeptidase and aminopeptidase M in the metabolism of glutathione and its derivatives at the membrane surface.

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