RESUMEN
The objects of researches are the soil and wild vegetation in the region of the radioactive waste storage situation. In result of monitoring it was recognized 137Cs unlike 90Sr did not spread out of storage territory in spite of trench destruction and migration of radionuclides with surface and ground waters. The forms of 137Cs, 90Sr and natural radionuclide 226Ra in soils and coefficients of 90Sr accumulation for the different kinds of plants growing at the territory of storage and 50-m zone around it were researched. The low specific activities of mobile forms of 90Sr were recognized for samples of soils selected from lowland by the terrace. The considerable differences were found for specific activities of radionuclides for different soil layers. Essential irregularity of soil surface and vegetation contamination at the test points disposed at a short distances from each other also was found. The interpretation of obtained results is presented.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo de Radiación , Residuos Radiactivos/análisis , Radioisótopos/análisis , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/análisis , Radioisótopos de Cesio/análisis , Radioisótopos de Cesio/metabolismo , Plantas/química , Radioisótopos/metabolismo , Federación de Rusia , Contaminantes Radiactivos del Suelo/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/análisis , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/metabolismoRESUMEN
The results of radiative and of chemical monitoring show definite contamination of this zone by 90Sr and toxic metals. The essential local contaminations of geosystems (up to 2.3 x 10(4) Bk/kg of soil) require in environmental condition assessment at biocenosis level. Biotesting found the increase of metallothioneines levels in kidney (up to 15.63 microg/g of tissue) and liver (up to 19.22 microg/g of tissue) of rodents inhabited in the region of RWS placing as compared with the control group (3.51 and 4.44 microg/g of tissue accordingly). Besides, the decrease of total quantity of leucocytes (by 14.5% as compared with the control group) and absolute quantity all forms of them in animal blood were noted. It was assumed the increase of protein--MT is the result of complex influence by ionizing radiation and toxic metals.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Murinae/metabolismo , Residuos Radiactivos , Animales , Eritrocitos/ultraestructura , Hematopoyesis/efectos de la radiación , Recuento de Leucocitos , Metalotioneína/análisis , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico , Federación de Rusia , Radioisótopos de Estroncio/toxicidad , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
The influence of various doses of external radiation to survive, growth and productivity of hybrid broiler and egg-laying leghorn chicken was studied in comparative aspect. It was found that broiler radio-resistanse is 1.5 times higher than that of leghorns: LD50/30 of 10-days broilers is equal to 16.3 +/- 0.7 Gy, while LD50/30 of 10-days leghorns is equal to 11.0 +/- 0.9 Gy.
Asunto(s)
Pollos/fisiología , Rayos gamma , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación , Tolerancia a Radiación , Animales , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Modelos Teóricos , Dosis de Radiación , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/mortalidad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The results of formation of stable products of organochlorinated pesticides (OCP) under gamma-irradiation (dose 10 kGy, dose rate 0.026, 0.14 kGy/min) are discussed in the article. The model solutions of alpha-,gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-,gamma-HCH), p,p-dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (p,p-DDT) and p,p-dichlorophenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE), with initial concentrations of 1.0-0.1 ppm, were exposed to gamma-radiation. Among the products of OCP radiolysis such compounds as DDE, 2,2-di(chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene, dichlorophenyl-dichloroethane and various isomers of HCH were found. It was shown that taking in account the whole data on the formed metabolites the toxicological characteristics of pesticide solutions cannot be improved by exposure to gamma-radiation.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Rayos gamma , Insecticidas/efectos de la radiación , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Tejido Adiposo/química , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Radioisótopos de Cobalto/farmacología , DDT/análisis , DDT/química , DDT/efectos de la radiación , DDT/toxicidad , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/análisis , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/química , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/efectos de la radiación , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/toxicidad , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Hexaclorociclohexano/análisis , Hexaclorociclohexano/química , Hexaclorociclohexano/efectos de la radiación , Hexaclorociclohexano/toxicidad , Humanos , Insecticidas/análisis , Insecticidas/química , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Dosis de Radiación , Soluciones , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The yield and pattern of chromosome structure aberrations in wheat seedlings treated with aluminum nitrate and aluminum sulfate at various concentrations have been determined by the anaphase method. Aluminum has a genotoxic effect causing genome, chromatid, and chromosome aberrations in apical root meristem cells. The relationship between the total yield of structural mutations and the aluminum concentration follows a bell-shaped curve. The mutagenic activity of aluminum nitrate peaks at 10(-3) mg/ml, which is twice as high as the permissible concentration limit (PCL) of aluminum in potable water. The maximum of the mutagenic activity of aluminum sulfate is observed at 5 x 10(-4) mg/ml, i.e., one PCL. Tap water boiled for 2 h in an aluminum vessel has virtually no genotoxic effect on wheat cells.
Asunto(s)
Aluminio/toxicidad , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Meristema/citología , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Triticum/genética , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a DrogaRESUMEN
The effect of concentration (0.01; 0.1; 1 ppm), polarity of solvent (hexane and 2-propanol), dose rate of gamma-irradiation (0.026; 0.042; 0.14 kGy/min) on a radiation degradation degree of organochlorinated pesticides (OCP) is discussed in this article. The conditions of maximal degradation of model solutions of OCP under gamma-irradiation are determines, based on the results obtained.
Asunto(s)
Rayos gamma , Hidrocarburos Clorados , Insecticidas/efectos de la radiación , Insecticidas/química , SolucionesRESUMEN
The study of a biological effect of ultraviolet, ultrahigh frequency and gamma-radiation, as well as combinations of these, on the functional status of the sheep body systems has made it possible to evaluate the sensitivity of a body exposed to these factors and its adaptive potentials. The pattern of variations in the body systems when a combined EMR is applied depends on to which extent one or another factor dominates the others. It is however possible that the effect of the leading factor is modified by that of a less severe radiation, energy characteristics of which differ from those of the dominating factor.
Asunto(s)
Campos Electromagnéticos/efectos adversos , Ovinos/fisiología , Animales , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Dosis de Radiación , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
In a field study in 1989, the effect of additional UV-B-irradiation (with an intensity of 0.34, 0.49 or 0.77 W/m2, daily exposure of 17.3, 26.7 or 39.1 kJ/m2, and total exposure of 1457.3, 2248.8 or 3285.6 kJ/m2) on the growth, development and productivity of fodder beet var. Eckendorf yellow was investigated. The three levels of irradiation caused a delay of plant growth and a significant reduction of plant height (18-26%), air-dry weight of leaves (32-43%), wet weight of leaves (48-52%), and weight of root-crops (48-50%).