RESUMEN
AIMS: To assess the lymph node content of anterior prostatic fat (APF) sent routinely at robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) and the incidence of positive nodes in the extended pelvic lymph node dissection. METHODS: Between September 2008 and April 2012, APF excised from 282 patients who underwent RALP was sent for pathological analysis. This tissue was completely embedded and lymph nodes counted. RESULTS: In total, 49/282 (17%) patients had lymph nodes in the APF, median lymph node yield in this tissue was 1 (range 15). In four patients, the lymph nodes contained metastatic deposits. These patients did not have positive nodes elsewhere in the extended lymph node dissection. CONCLUSIONS: APF contains lymph nodes in 1 in 6 patients and infrequently these may be malignant. APF should always be removed at radical prostatectomy. APF should be routinely sent for pathological analysis.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/patología , Tejido Adiposo/cirugía , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/cirugía , Prostatectomía/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Robótica , Cirugía Asistida por Computador , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a widespread condition, the incidence of which is increasing globally. ED is also indicative of underlying vasculopathy and represents a predictor of more serious cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the aetiology of ED may therefore provide invaluable pointers to the pathobiology of other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and syndromes. It follows, too, that therapeutic interventions that are successful in treating ED may, ipso facto, be effective in treating the early stages of conditions that include atherosclerosis, angina, plaque rupture and diabetic angiopathy. One common pathological denominator in both CVD and ED is oxidative stress, that is, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular, superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). In this review, therefore, we consider the aetiology and pathobiology of O(2)(*-) in promoting ED and focus on NADPH oxidase as an inducible source of O(2)(*-) and H(2)O(2). Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing oxidative stress to improve erectile function are also discussed.