RESUMEN

Background: Dental caries is a multistep process which initiates the development of plaque' defined as a structured biofilm containing microbial communities. Teeth provide unique surfaces for bacterial colonization. Serotypes of Streptococcus mutans implicate the development of dental caries. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and association of serotypes of S. mutans in groups with and without dental caries. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty adults aged between 18 and 35 years were included in the study. Supragingival plaque samples were collected, followed by deoxyribonucleic acid extraction. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify S. mutans and its serotypes. Proportions of S. mutans and its serotypes were correlated with caries-active (CA) and caries-free (CF) groups. Results: CA group showed 66.7% positivity for S. mutans and CF group showed only 42.7% of positivity. Serotype C showed a higher proportion followed by E' F, and K in the CA group, whereas in the CF group, higher proportion was observed with K followed by C' E, and F. 70.8% cases showed single serotype in the CA group and 83.3% in CF group. Multiple serotypes were seen in 29.2% in the CA group and 16.7% in the CF group. Conclusions: The study clearly established variation in proportions of S. mutans and its serotypes between CA and CF groups. Positive correlation was observed in the CA group for S. mutans and its serotypes.

RESUMEN

(1) Background: The categorization of recurrent and non-recurrent odontogenic keratocyst is complex and challenging for both clinicians and pathologists. What sets this cyst apart is its aggressive nature and high likelihood of recurrence. Despite identifying various predictive clinical/radiological/histopathological parameters, clinicians still face difficulties in therapeutic management due to its inherent aggressive nature. This research aims to build a pipeline system that accurately detects recurring and non-recurring OKC. (2) Objective: To automate the risk stratification of OKCs as recurring or non-recurring based on whole slide images (WSIs) using an attention-based image sequence analyzer (ABISA). (3) Materials and methods: The presented architecture combines transformer-based self-attention mechanisms with sequential modeling using LSTM (long short-term memory) to predict the class label. This architecture leverages self-attention to capture spatial dependencies in image patches and LSTM to capture sequential dependencies across patches or frames, making it suitable for this image analysis. These two powerful combinations were integrated and applied on a custom dataset of 48 labeled WSIs (508 tiled images) generated from the highest zoom level WSI. (4) Results: The proposed ABISA algorithm attained 0.98, 1.0, and 0.98 testing accuracy, recall, and area under the curve, respectively, whereas VGG16, VGG19, and Inception V3, standard vision transformer attained testing accuracies of 0.80, 0.73, 0.82, 0.91, respectively. ABISA used 58% fewer trainable parameters than the standard vision transformer. (5) Conclusions: The proposed novel ABISA algorithm was integrated into a risk stratification pipeline to automate the detection of recurring OKC significantly faster, thus allowing the pathologist to define risk stratification faster.

RESUMEN

The microscopic diagnostic differentiation of odontogenic cysts from other cysts is intricate and may cause perplexity for both clinicians and pathologists. Of particular interest is the odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), a developmental cyst with unique histopathological and clinical characteristics. Nevertheless, what distinguishes this cyst is its aggressive nature and high tendency for recurrence. Clinicians encounter challenges in dealing with this frequently encountered jaw lesion, as there is no consensus on surgical treatment. Therefore, the accurate and early diagnosis of such cysts will benefit clinicians in terms of treatment management and spare subjects from the mental agony of suffering from aggressive OKCs, which impact their quality of life. The objective of this research is to develop an automated OKC diagnostic system that can function as a decision support tool for pathologists, whether they are working locally or remotely. This system will provide them with additional data and insights to enhance their decision-making abilities. This research aims to provide an automation pipeline to classify whole-slide images of OKCs and non-keratocysts (non-KCs: dentigerous and radicular cysts). OKC diagnosis and prognosis using the histopathological analysis of tissues using whole-slide images (WSIs) with a deep-learning approach is an emerging research area. WSIs have the unique advantage of magnifying tissues with high resolution without losing information. The contribution of this research is a novel, deep-learning-based, and efficient algorithm that reduces the trainable parameters and, in turn, the memory footprint. This is achieved using principal component analysis (PCA) and the ReliefF feature selection algorithm (ReliefF) in a convolutional neural network (CNN) named P-C-ReliefF. The proposed model reduces the trainable parameters compared to standard CNN, achieving 97% classification accuracy.

RESUMEN

Introduction: The micro-flora of oral cavity is a myriad of micro-organism. Any infection of oral cavity leads to diseased condition which is a transitional transformation of the micro-organism in a specific paradigm depending upon the diseased condition. Periodontitis is one of the predominant chronic diseases which is a multifactorial infection. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key etiological agent in causing periodontitis. To study the predominance of these bacteria in the diseased condition is important to detect, quantify and to find its efficacy by comparing different methods for identification. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of P. gingivalis by anerobic culture and by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individual and to compare efficacy of two methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 subjects were considered, and subgingival plaque was collected using paper points. Individual were equally divided into two groups: chronic periodontitis (200) and healthy individuals (200). Each plaque sample collected was divided into two aliquots of which the first aliquot was subjected for anerobic culture to isolate P. gingivalis. Phenotypical identification was done morphologically and biochemically further quantification of P. gingivalis was done by colony-forming unit. The second aliquot was subjected for DNA extraction and real-time PCR was conducted to detect and quantify P. gingivalis using specific primer. Results: Out of 400 samples, 73% showed detection of P. gingivalis by culture method and through reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the detection was 75%. Individual detection of P. gingivalis by culture in chronic periodontitis was 89.5% and 54.4% in healthy individuals, while detection by RT-PCR was found to be 91.5% in chronic periodontitis and 58% in healthy individuals. However, comparison between two techniques in detection of P. gingivalis was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: When we compared RT-PCR with culture RT-PCR showed higher positivity. RT-PCR is more sensitive and requires less time to detect. However, in the present study, culture also showed good positivity, suggesting proper dilution and with extended incubation, the specificity of culture can be improved to a great extent.

RESUMEN

Introduction: Capnocytophaga are facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli and recognized as opportunistic pathogens of various extraoral infections. Only a few studies attempted to identify all the seven species of Capnocytophaga phenotypically and genotypically in healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis. Studies to determine the prevalence of Capnocytophaga in subgingival plaque samples from healthy individuals, chronic gingivitis and periodontitis among Indian population are lacking. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify and compare the presence of Capnocytophaga species phenotypically through microbial culture and biochemical tests and genotypically through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in subgingival plaque of healthy individuals and patients with chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 subjects, 100 each with gingivitis, periodontitis and periodontally healthy gingiva subjected, were included. Subgingival plaque was collected and was cultured for phenotypic identification (microbial culture and biochemical test), and for genotypic identification, DNA extraction was done and PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to identify the genus Capnocytophaga and also to identify different species of Capnocytophaga. Results: Of 300 individuals, Capnocytophaga species were identified from 237 (79%) individuals by PCR and 82 (27.33%) by culture. The prevalence of Capnocytophaga ochracea was found to be higher with both the methods followed by Capnocytophaga gingivalis and Capnocytophaga granulosa. Capnocytophaga genospecies, Capnocytophaga leadbetteri and Capnocytophaga Sputigena were isolated only by culture with very low prevalence that is 1.33%, 1.33% and 0.66%, respectively. We could not get any isolate of Capnocytophaga haemolytica by any of the two methods. Conclusion: Capnocytophaga species could be found in gingival sulci as well as periodontal pockets and can be detected by culture and PCR-RFLP. However, higher prevalence of these species in healthy compared to disease requires further analysis to determine their role in healthy and diseased periodontium.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to establish cell lines of fibroblast from human OSF tissues and their response to varying concentrations of arecoline. The various morphological forms of fibroblasts were identified to establish phenotypic change. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fibroblast cell lines were obtained from control samples as well as from OSF cases. The cell lines were treated with 50/100/150/300/500 ug/ml of arecoline and morphology were determined. RESULTS: Three morphological forms were detected; F1 spindle, F2 epitheloid and the F3 stellate. The F3 to F1 ratio was higher in OSF. Arecoline at 50ug/ml was stimulatory and at 150ug/ml cytotoxic to the cell lines. CONCLUSION: Arecoline seems to enhance proliferation of the fibroblast at lower concentrations but cytotoxic at higher levels. This is probably due to the generation of new cell lines and response of the arecoline receptors indicating phenotypic change.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Periodontitis is a chronic destructive inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. The main causative agent is presence of biofilm formed due to different micro-organisms. Among different micro- organisms "red complex" bacteria is known to be the main causative agent in progression of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis out of the red the complex organism plays a major role in progression of periodontitis. P. gingivalisis present in both in healthy and diseased individuals. The difference in the strains will determine the virulence factor of the organism and also progression of disease. Only few studies have been done showing variation in strains present between healthy and diseased. AIMS: To check the difference in heterogeneity of P. gingivalis in chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals through Arbitrarily Primed-PCR (AP-PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 400 subjects (200 each of chronic periodontitisandhealthy individuals) were included. Sub-gingival plaque was collected in the Reduced transport fluid (RTF) medium and processed at the institutional central research laboratory. Presence of P. gingivalis was, confirmed by culture andphenotypical analysis. Further confirmed cases were processed for PCR after DNA extraction using 16S rRNA. Positive cases of P. gingivalis were subjected for AP-PCR for clonal analysis using the specific 272 primer. RESULTS: In 152(76%) and 98(49%) were confirmed for P. gingivalis in chronic periodontitis and healthy individual respectively by PCR. AP-PCR analysis showed 6 clusters with similarity index in CP and 3 clusters with similarity index in Healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: The present study showed difference in clusters between chronic periodontitis and healthy individual'sthussuggestive variantin genetic heterogeneity of P. gingivalis strain between healthy and chronic periodontitis. AP- PCR appears to be a promising tool for clonal analysis of P. gingivalis.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Capnocytophaga species are recognized as part of human oral microbiota and implicated as periodontal pathogens associated with various periodontal diseases. The three original Capnocytophaga species - Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena and Capnocytophaga gingivalis were initially isolated from periodontitis in adults, but subsequent studies demonstrated their presence also at periodontally healthy sites in both children and adults. Their association with periodontal disease is a matter of controversy. Considering the differing virulence features of the respective isolate, it is crucial to identify these isolates to species level. AIMS: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Capnocytophaga species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through restriction fragment length polymorphism in healthy individuals and patients with periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included a total of 300 individuals, 100 each with Gingivitis, Chronic periodontitis, and Healthy individuals. The plaque samples were collected using sterile curette in reduced transport fluid. DNA extraction was carried out for PCR analysis. RESULTS: Of 300 individuals, Capnocytophaga species were identified from 237 (79%) participants in all groups. The prevalence was statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. The prevalence was more in males in gingivitis and healthy individuals (42% and 49% respectively), and females in periodontitis (40%). C. ochracea was observed in a higher proportion (36.33%), followed by C. granulosa (32.66%) and C. gingivalis (10%). They were identified more in the age group of 30-40 years in gingivitis and periodontitis, (30 and 21 individuals, respectively) and 39 individuals in 18-29 years in healthy individuals. They were present in 87% in healthy individuals, 77% in gingivitis and 73% in periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Capnocytophaga species are commonly present in healthy individuals and may be associated with periodontal disease. There is a need for further study to know the prevalence of other species of Capnocytophaga in health and disease.

RESUMEN

First bite syndrome (FBS) is a condition that classically presents as severe pain in the preauricular region, initiated on the first bite of a meal. In most of the cases reported, it is associated with a history of upper neck surgery or tumor of the parotid salivary gland or parapharyngeal space (PPS). Some propose that FBS arises due to damage to the cervical sympathetic trunk leading to the loss of sympathetic innervations to the parotid salivary gland. Literature also showed occurrence of this syndrome in individuals who had no history of parotid tumor, PPS tumor or surgery of the upper neck, and such cases are referred to as idiopathic FBS (IFBS). There are very few case reports reported on IFBS. We report the one such rare case of IFBS in a 35-year-old male, referred to the outpatient department, with a 5-month history of severe, sharp pain and bilateral swelling in the parotid region occurring only on the first bite of eating and would diminish over few minutes.

RESUMEN

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is most common oral cancer with multifactorial etiology. Surgical therapy is treatment of choice but known to have recurrence. The main reason for recurrence is associated with surgical margins which need to be tumor free. Changes at genetic level cannot be ascertained only through routine light microscopy in surgical margins, even though they are tumor free. Detection of early marker like p16 can help in predicting the risk of recurrence. Hence study aimed to detect p16 microsatellite marker (D9s1747) in surgical margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma and compare the same with p16 marker through immunohistochemistry. Total of 40 paraffin embedded tissue samples diagnosed and surgically treated cases of OSCC were included. From each sample one tumor proper and one surgical margin was obtained. From paraffin embedded tissue sample 2 sections of 4 µm thick was obtained from tumor proper and tumor margin. One section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and other section was stained immunohistochemically using p16 antibody. DNA extraction was done for tumor proper and surgical margin tissue and PCR analysis was carried for p16 microsatellite marker (D91747). Out of 40 cases 37 cases showed positivity in tumor proper for p16 with IHC. Out of 37 cases 23 cases showed positivity for both tumor proper and surgical margin. There were 3 cases negative for tumor proper. Out of these 3 cases, 1 (33.3%) case was positive for surgical margin. Out of 40 cases 27 cases showed positivity for tumor proper with p16 microsatellite marker. Out of 27 cases 16 cases showed positivity for both tumor proper and surgical margin. There were 13 cases negative for tumor proper. However there were 8 (61.5%) cases negative which were in tumor proper but showed positivity for surgical margin. Other 5 cases were negative in both tumor proper and surgical margin. Our study reveals that surgical margins of OSCC exhibit alteration in p16 markers both by IHC and PCR techniques. p16 and p16 microsatellite marker detection in margins indicates field change. Further studies with larger sample size comparing expression with clinical and histological parameter and follow up has to be done to substantiate our findings.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Culture of cells and tissues is a standard research method practiced in many laboratories. In most of the cases, these cultures are being used as substrates for cell products or as investigative tools for delving the mechanism of gene expression, cell proliferation and transformation. Primary monolayer cell culture has been beneficial to study the general biology of both oral and skin keratinocytes. There are two different techniques of primary cell cultures followed, which include direct explant and enzymatic techniques. AIMS: The aim of the study was to optimize the culture of keratinocytes obtained from patients with normal oral mucosa by direct explant technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Keratinocytes were isolated from 15 patients and were cultured in vitro and observed under an inverted microscope. The cultured cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry method using pan-cytokeratin. RESULTS: The total success rate of primary culture of the oral epithelial cells by direct explant technique was 88.6%. No contamination of microorganisms in the primary cell cultures was obtained. CONCLUSION: Within the limited numbers of samples used in the current pilot study, we conclude that the direct explant technique appears to be a simple and successful technique for the isolation of oral mucosal keratinocytes if we follow the appropriate protocol.

RESUMEN

The intention of this review was to condense ongoing findings on the use of circulating DNAs from bodily fluids (blood, serum and plasma) as cancer biomarkers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Studies were collected after searching databases: PubMed and Google library. Additional search was performed through cross-check on the bibliography of selected articles. After the selection process made by two of the authors, articles which met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Results revealed that circulating DNAs from blood, serum or plasma appear as favorable candidates as cancer biomarkers in patients suffering from oral cancer. The possibility to forecast recurrences and metastases through follow-up by quantification of candidate DNAs serve as another possible characteristic to be directed in forthcoming studies. However, methodological standardization and even sampling are required to increase the power and accuracy of results.

RESUMEN

AIM: Studies have been done in diversified population, demonstrating the uniqueness of frontal sinus; data related to the Indian population are less. Thus, the present study was aimed to determine the frontal sinus measurement and to assess its forensic application in the Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 400 individuals with Indian origin (21-30 years) were included in the study. The digitized posteroanterior skull radiographs were obtained and was transferred to Adobe® CS4 extended to measure the dimensions of frontal sinus and orbit for 12 parameters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The descriptive statistics showed the presence of bilateral frontal sinus in 87.7% and bilateral absence in 8.0% of the individuals and the absence of left and right frontal sinus in 3.3% and 1%, respectively. Maximum population showed high asymmetry index (64.7%); the right side frontal sinus (height, 59.3% and width, 40.8%) was superior to the left side in both males and females. The partial septa among the Indian population were absent for maximum population (55.2%), and supraorbital cells of the frontal sinuses were present on both sides among the Indian population. CONCLUSION: The observation of the present study suggests that the frontal sinus is highly asymmetrical and unique to the individual and hence can be effectively used in personal identification method in forensic anthropology.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: One of the main characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is genetic alteration in specific target regions. Allelic imbalance in tumor suppressor genes is the key event in OSCC which is associated with loss of heterozygosity mostly on chromosome 9p21 locus which includes p16 marker. p16 (D9S1747) is a microsatellite marker which detects early changes in OSCC. To redefine more clearly the role of D9S1747 (p16 microsatellite marker) and its expression in OSCC, the study was designed with the aim to check the detection of D9S1747 in OSCC and to compare the same with histopathological grades and tumor node metastasis staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty cases of paraffin-embedded tissue section which was histologically confirmed as OSCC and 10 cases of normal tissues were retrieved from the archives. DNA was extracted from the tissue sections and subjected for polymerase chain reaction to detect p16 microsatellite marker D9S1747. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Twenty-seven cases (67.5%) showed p16 microsatellite marker positivity for OSCC. It was observed that 44.4%, 51.9% and 3.7% p16 microsatellite markers were positive in Stage 1, Stage 2 and Stage 4 OSCC cases, respectively. p16 microsatellite marker positivity was found in 77.8%, 22.2% and 0% for well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: The observations of the present study revealed D9S1747 marker as an early event in OSCC, and this can be used as a prognostic marker.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a persistent polymicrobial infection, which leads to chronic inflammation in the tooth supporting tissues. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are normal commensals of oral cavity but are low in number in periodontally healthy subjects. They are one of the major pathogens aetiologically linked to periodontal disease. Plasma and salivary antibody measurement may be useful to support diagnosis, disease activity, classification and prognosis of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the serum and salivary antibody levels to A. actinomycetemcomitans and therefore, to find whether this association was varying in different grades of periodontitis. METHOD: Total of 50 periodontally healthy and 50 chronic periodontitis subjects (35-65 years) of both sexes were included for the study. 2 ml of un-stimulated saliva and 5 ml of venous blood was collected under sterile conditions. The detection of antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontally healthy individuals and individuals with chronic periodontitis was performed using indirect ELISA. RESULTS: Results showed serum IgG, IgA mean levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans were higher in chronic periodontitis subjects compared to mean levels in periodontally healthy subjects. Similarly, salivary IgG, IgA levels were also raised in chronic periodontitis patients as compared in healthy subjects. Also the mean levels of serum IgG and salivary IgA were increased as the severity of disease increased. CONCLUSION: Antibody titer using saliva and serum could be useful tool for screening of patients with chronic periodontitis. Further, monitoring the various phases of treatment outcome using saliva could be a useful, non-invasive, prognostic indicator.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To compare immunohistochemical expression of CD34 and CD105 in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and normal oral mucosa (NOM) and correlate with clinicopathological features of OSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of thirty clinically diagnosed and histologically confirmed cases of OSF and 15 NOM were included in the study. Tissues sections were immunostained using CD34 and CD105 antibodies. RESULTS: Twenty-eight cases (93.33%) were positive for CD34, and only 12 cases (40%) were positive for CD105 in OSF. In NOM all cases were positive for CD34 and only one case was positive for CD105. CD34 and CD105 significantly expressed in moderately advanced OSF when compared to very early, early, and advanced cases. It was found that the microvessel density (MVD) in NOM was significantly higher as compared to OSF and MVD decreased with advanced OSF. MVD was higher in CD34 when compared to CD105. MVD decreased with disease progression in OSF using both the markers. CONCLUSION: The role of CD34 in determining the premalignant nature of OSF could not be ascertained, since all endothelial cells were positive for CD34, whereas CD105 appeared to be more specific as it is associated with hypoxia-induced angiogenesis which is occurring in OSF due to hyalinization suggesting, CD105 to be more specific marker to determine neoangiogenesis in OSF. Thus further follow-up study of the cases positive for CD105 is required to determine the true nature of angiogenesis in OSF patients.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Palatoscopy is the study of palatal rugae pattern to establish the identity of a person. The palatal rugae are permanent and unique to each person and can establish identity through discrimination (via casts, tracings, or digitized rugae patterns). In addition, rugae pattern may be specific to racial groups facilitating population identification (which may require postdisasters). Hence, they can be used in postmortem identification provided an antemortem record exists. AIM: To determine the palatal rugae pattern and to assess the predominant palatal rugae pattern in Indian and Tibetan (in Mundgod Taluka, Karnataka) populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The impressions of the maxillary arch were made for a total of one hundred adults comprising fifty Indian and fifty Tibetan populations aged between 20 and 40 years, and the dental cast was made using dental stone. The rugae were highlighted by a sharp graphite pencil on the cast under adequate light and a magnification lens. Rugae patterns were assessed using Thomas and Kotze and Kapali et al. classification. RESULTS: Total number of palatal rugae in Indian population (461) was more than Tibetan population (351). Moreover, Indian population showed predominantly wavy (43.60%) rugae pattern, whereas Tibetan showed curved (38.2%) rugae pattern. CONCLUSION: This suggests that there is a difference in the rugae pattern between Indian and Tibetan populations. Hence, palatal rugae pattern can be used as one of the methods in determining the ethnicity.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Compare and correlate immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD105 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and correlate its expression with the prognosis of the patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on total of 49 cases of OSCC. Detailed demographic and clinical data were obtained, and tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to grade the tumor. Later each case was subjected for immunohistochemical analysis of CD105 and VEGF. RESULTS: All the cases showed positivity for both CD105 and VEGF but high expression was noted with CD105 compared to VEGF. Average microvascular density for CD105 was higher (69.5) in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC) when compared to well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) (52.16). When expression of CD105 and VEGF was compared in WDSCC and MDSCC, it was statistically insignificant. However when expression of CD105 and VEGF was compared with survival of the patient, survival rate was <2 years in CD105 and was statistically significant, but VEGF did not show any significant difference with survival rate. CONCLUSION: CD105 immunoexpression in OSCC predicts a poor outcome than VEGF. So it can be postulated that endoglin may have a particular role in the development of cancer and might be relatively more specific than commonly used endothelial markers for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of selective anaerobic microorganisms in primary root canal infections of symptomatic and asymptomatic non-vital teeth with periapical pathosis using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. METHODS: A total of 100 root canal samples (50 from symptomatic and 50 from asymptomatic teeth) were obtained from patients with primary endodontic infections. DNA extracted from the samples was amplified by using specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene of each bacterium, and semiquantification was done to analyze the prevalence of microorganisms and their correlation to clinical features. RESULTS: Treponema denticola (T. denticola) was present in 21 (42%) and 29 (58%) samples in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, respectively. Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) were significantly high (P < .05) in the symptomatic group, whereas Prevotella intermedia was significantly high (P < .05) in the asymptomatic group. The mean counts of T. denticola and F. nucleatum were significantly high (P < .05) in the symptomatic group. For symptoms, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and F. nucleatum were significantly associated with clinical features. CONCLUSION: Significant differences exist in the bacterial composition between asymptomatic and symptomatic primary endodontic infections. As well as presence of pathogens, other factors, such as the phenotypic trait of bacteria and interactions among bacterial members, might play a determining role in the pathogenicity of primary endodontic infections.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Oral leukoplakia is the most common premalignant lesion of the oral cavity and is associated with development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Certain changes at cellular and molecular level are important indicators for transformation into carcinoma. Podoplanin, a transmembrane glycoprotein is involved in the cytoskeletal remodeling and increased motility of the cell which helps in determining the malignant potential of oral leukoplakic lesions. The objective of the study was to determine immunohistochemically the expression of podoplanin in homogenous (HOL) and nonhomogenous oral leukoplakia (NHOL) and to compare the expression with clinicopathological parameters. Study group included 15 cases each of HOL, NHOL and control group included 15 healthy volunteers. Both tissues were immunohistochemically stained for podoplanin (D2-40) antibody. No statistical significant difference was observed between the study and control groups for expression of podoplanin but significant difference was observed on comparison of podoplanin scores between HOL and NHOL. Statistical significant difference was observed when the podoplanin expression in the epithelium and the lymphatic vessel density were correlated with the histologic grading of HOL and NHOL. Expression of podoplanin was greater in NHOL as compared with HOL, this supports the fact that NHOL has a greater risk of malignant transformation when compared with HOL. Podoplanin expression, lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic vessel density increased with increasing grades of dysplasia, suggesting that cellular modeling and motility is increased as the grade of dysplasia advances. Thus suggesting podoplanin can be used as a prognostic marker to determine the malignant potential in oral leukoplakias.

Asunto(s)