RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Gummy smile (GS) is a nonesthetic condition that affects the confidence of many young people. The present study aimed to compare the results of two approaches used in the management of GS in a group of Egyptian females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This comparative cohort study included 24 female patients aged 25-35 years, divided into two groups. Group A included patients treated with diode dental laser gingivectomy, while Group B included patients who were treated with Botox injection. The clinical assessment of the pre-and post-operative measurements of exposed gums in millimetres on an active full smile was analyzed and compared for both groups. The paired t-test was used to compare pre and post measurements in each group, and the mean difference between the groups was compared using the independent t-test. RESULTS: Group A showed instant improvement, while Group B results appeared 1 week later. The variation between preoperative and postoperative GS measurements in both groups was statistically significant. The preoperative and postoperative mean ± standard deviation was (5.17 ± 0.9 and 1.89 ± 0.5) in Group A and (4.27 ± 1.0 and 1.79 ± 1.0) in Group B. Comparison between the two groups revealed a highly significant greater mean difference of 3.27 ± 0.5 mm in Group A than Group B (P < 0.001). The findings were satisfactory in all cases of both approaches, and there were no complications. DISCUSSION: Using a diode laser to treat gummy smiles for oro-dental genetics case with gingival hypertrophy saves time and effort compared to conventional surgical techniques. Diode dental laser is a safe fast and effective method of treatment giving more superior results than Botox injection which showed a less invasive alternative temporary GS therapy that is easily guaranteed and more patient-favored.
RESUMEN
The aim of this study was to measure serum interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in participants with different types and severities of psoriasis. The study was conducted on 21 participants with psoriasis. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to disease severity: erythrodermic, severe plaque, and mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. Fifteen participants received different treatment modalities for 16 weeks and were followed for an additional 12 weeks. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to measure serum IFN-gamma levels in participants before treatment and compared with matched controls and participants receiving treatment. Significant differences were detected between participants and controls in mean serum IFN-gamma levels before treatment (P<.05). There was a positive correlation between serum IFN-gamma levels and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores, and between serum IFN-gamm levels and clinical type of psoriasis, with the highest serum IFN-gamma levels in the erythrodermic psoriasis group and the lowest in the mild to moderate plaque psoriasis group. Irrespective of the type of treatment, 13 of 15 participants who showed improvement in disease condition with a significant decrease in PASI scores also had a significant decrease in serum IFN-gamma levels (P < .05). Moreover, participants with serum IFN-gamma levels that did not dramatically decrease had a shorter remission period compared with those who showed a significant decrease in serum IFN-gamma levels. The substantial elevation and variation in serum IFN-gamma levels according to disease severity suggest that IFN-gamma has a role in determining disease severity and therapy evaluation, which encourages further research on anti-IFN-gamma biologic therapy in the treatment of psoriasis.