RESUMEN
The present article discusses the results of an immunomodulatory activity of Galii veri herba, Galium verum herb (Galium verum L., Rubiaceae) fluid water extract and the effect of the polysaccharide and phenolic complexes of the letter on the immunomodulatory activity. The same extract was fractionated into a polysaccharide complex (PSC) and a polyphenolic complex (PPC). In the obtained substances, the contents of hydroxycinnamic derivates, flavonoids and polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically; polysaccharides were quantified gravimetrically; the immunomodulatory activity of the substances was determined in the reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation. It has been established that the fluid extract of Galium verum herb contains 6.3% polysaccharides, 4.2% hydroxycinnamic derivates expressed as chlorogenic acid, 0.4% flavonoids expressed as rutin, 3.7% polyphenols expressed as gallic acid. PPC contains 4.48% hydroxycinnamic derivates expressed as chlorogenic acid, 0.43% flavonoids expressed as rutin, and 3.95% polyphenols expressed as gallic acid. The lowest immunomodulatory activity was found for PPC. A significantly higher activity was determined for PSC. The highest immunomodulatory activity was established for the fluid extract at a dilution of 1/20, its activity being by 59.4% higher compared with the lymphocyte spontaneous transformation and by 18.5% higher than that of the reference substance PHA. The obtained results enable an assumption of a synergistic effect of PPC and PSC of Galium verum herb fluid extract on the potency of its immunomodulatory activity. Key words: Galium verum L. ⢠immunomodulatory activity ⢠lymphocyte blast transformation ⢠fluid water extract ⢠polysaccharide complex ⢠polyphenols complex.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides/farmacología , Galium/química , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Fenoles/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antioxidantes , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Background Vaccinium myrtillus leaves are known to be rich in phenols and have been used in traditional medicine as an antidiabetic remedy. This study evaluated the powder extract of V. myrtillus leaves obtained with the use of L-arginine and myo-inositol for anti-obesity and lipid-lowering potential in hamsters. Methods Standard phytochemical methods were used to determine the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extract. The obesity condition was induced in Syrian hamsters by feeding them with highly palatable fat- and sugar-rich diet (40.3 kcal% fat) for 12 weeks. From the 10th week of diet feeding, the obese hamsters were treated with the powder extract of V. myrtillus leaves (15, 25 and 35 mg/kg/day, respectively) and "Styfimol" (6.2 mg/kg/day of hydroxycitric acid) as a positive control drug. At the end of the treatment period, the biochemical parameters as well as visceral fat mass were determined. Results Vaccinium myrtillus leaves powder extract at 25 and 35 mg/kg/day caused a significant reduction in body weight gain and visceral fat mass in obese hamsters. Serum triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were also significantly lower. Besides, the hamsters treated with powder extract at 25 and 35 mg/kg/day had the closest intact value ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and LDL-C compared with positive control animals. Conclusions The results showed that V. myrtillus leaves powder extract is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity and obesity-induced diseases.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Vaccinium myrtillus/química , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/aislamiento & purificación , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Cricetinae , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipolipemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Hojas de la PlantaRESUMEN
The present article discusses the results of the research into the phytochemical profile and immunomodulatory activity of Galii veri herba (Galium verum L., Rubiaceae) ethanolic extracts. The extracts under study were obtained from the plant material by means of maceration technique with 20% aqueous ethanol solution (fluid extract I), 60% aqueous ethanol solution (fluid extract II) and 96% ethanol (fluid extract III) on heating. In the substances obtained, the content of hydroxycinnamic derivatives, flavonoids and polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically; polysaccharides were quantified gravimetrically; the immunomodulatory activity of the substances under study was determined in the reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation (RLBT). It was established that fluid extract I contained 2.4% polysaccharides, 3.1% hydroxycinnamic derivatives, 0.24% flavonoids, and 2.9% polyphenols; the fluid extract II contained 4.13% hydroxycinnamic derivatives, 0.16% flavonoids, and 3.84% polyphenols; fluid extract III contained 2.7% hydroxycinnamic derivatives, 0.18% flavonoids and 2.7% polyphenols. All the extracts under study possessed a marked stimulant effect on the transformation activity of the immunocompetent blood cells. The highest immunomodulatory activity was established for 96% ethanol extract: the percentage of lymphocytes proliferating in RLBT under the influence of this extract increased by 6.77- 8.04 times in comparison with their spontaneous transformation and by 1.14-1.36 times in comparison with phytohemagglutinin. The results obtained give grounds for further research in the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory activity of the extracts of G. verum herb. Key words: ethanolic extracts Galium verum L. immunomodulatory activity lymphocyte blast transformation.