RESUMEN
Glioblastoma stands out as the most frequent central nervous system neoplasia, presenting a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to verify the frequency and clinical significance of the aneuploidy of chromosomes 7 and 10, EGFR amplification, PTEN and TP53 deletions and 1p/19q deficiency in adult patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. The sample consisted of 40 patients treated from November 2011 to March 2015 at two major neurosurgery services from Southern Brazil. Molecular cytogenetic analyses of the tumor were performed through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical features evaluated consisted of age, sex, tumor location, clinical symptoms, family history of cancer, type of resection and survival. The mean age of the patients was 59.3 years (ranged from 41 to 83). Most of them were males (70%). The median survival was 145 days. Chromosome 10 monosomy was detected in 52.5% of the patients, chromosome 7 polysomy in 50%, EGFR amplification in 42.5%, PTEN deletion in 35%, TP53 deletion in 22.5%, 1p deletion in 5% and 19q deletion in 7.5%. Age was shown to be a prognostic factor, and patients with lower age presented higher survival (p = 0.042). TP53 and PTEN deletions had a negative impact on survival (p = 0.011 and p = 0.037, respectively). Our data suggest that TP53 and PTEN deletions may be associated with a poorer prognosis. These findings may have importance over prognosis determination and choice of the therapy to be administered.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Glioblastoma/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aneuploidia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Brasil , Cromosomas Humanos Par 1 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 10 , Cromosomas Humanos Par 7 , Receptores ErbB/genética , Femenino , Glioblastoma/epidemiología , Glioblastoma/patología , Glioblastoma/cirugía , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT The aim of our study aim was to report the case of a fetus with Turner syndrome (TS) diagnosed by karyotype from cystic hygroma (CH) fluid, highlighting the applications and importance of this procedure. First-trimester screening revealed an increased nuchal translucency measurement, cervical cystic hygroma and head and trunk subcutaneous edema. The presence of oligohydramnios prevented the performance of amniocentesis. We performed puncture of the CH for fetal karyotyping, which revealed X-chromosome monosomy (45,X), compatible with TS. Therefore, the use of CH fluid as an alternative sample for fetal karyotyping may be considered when conventional invasive procedures can not be performed.
RESUMO Relatamos o caso de um feto com síndrome de Turner (TS), diagnosticado por cariótipo de fluido do higroma cístico (CH), salientando as aplicações e a importância desse procedimento. Rastreio de primeiro trimestre revelou aumento da medida da translucência nucal, higroma cístico cervical e edema subcutâneo de cabeça e tronco. A presença de oligodrâmnio impediu a execução de amniocentese. Realizamos punção do CH para cariotipagem fetal, que revelou monossomia do cromossomo X (45,X), compatível com TS. Portanto, o uso de fluido do CH, como amostra alternativa para cariotipagem fetal, pode ser considerado quando procedimentos invasivos convencionais não podem ser realizados.
RESUMEN
Variant Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome can be observed in 5-10 % of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. However, there are only a few studies which have analyzed the prognostic implications of these complex translocations in CML patients after the advent of imatinib mesylate and the results found are conflicting. We investigated the clinical features and cytogenetic response of Brazilian chronic phase (CP) CML patients with variant Ph treated with imatinib mesylate. Among 93 CP CML patients, eight (8.6 %) exhibited complex translocations, involving one (n = 6), two (n = 1), or three (n = 1) additional chromosomes. At 6, 12, and 18 months, a complete cytogenetic response was observed in 100 % of variant Ph patients, respectively. No significant difference was found between variant Ph and standard translocation patients regarding the response to IM treatment at 6, 12, and 18 months. Likewise, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups concerning the overall survival, failure-free survival, progression-free survival, and event-free survival. The results obtained in our study, despite our sample size, suggest, in agreement to other data found in the literature, that the presence of variant Philadelphia chromosome does not bestow a prognostic disadvantage when compared to the group with classic Ph. This observation does not suggest the need to adjust the treatment protocol due to the presence of variant Ph. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and evaluating both the cytogenetic and molecular response to IM treatment should be conducted to confirm our findings.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Proteínas de Fusión bcr-abl/genética , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Cromosoma Filadelfia , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Cariotipo Anormal , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Benzamidas , Brasil/epidemiología , Cromosomas Humanos/ultraestructura , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/sangre , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Translocación Genética , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is one of the most recognizable causes of congenital heart defects (CHDs), but the frequency varies in non-selected populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical features of patients with CHD and 22q11DS admitted to a pediatric cardiology intensive care unit in Brazil. In a prospective study, we evaluated a consecutive series of 207 patients with a CHD following a clinical protocol and cytogenetic analysis by high resolution karyotype and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). 22q11DS was identified in four patients (2%), a frequency similar to studies that evaluated subjects with major CHDs in other countries. Despite this similarity, we believe that the low rate of prenatal identification of CHDs and the limited access of these patients to appropriate diagnosis and care, which occur in our region, could have had an influence on this frequency. It is possible that 22q11DS patients with a severe CHD could have died before having a chance to access a tertiary hospital, leading to an underestimate of its frequency.