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Xenon (Xe) is being more widely used in medicine owing to its unique physical-and-chemical properties of a noble gas. However, the knowledge about the physiological and patho-physiological changes occurring in the organism and in its separate structures during the interaction with Xe is still scanty. The aim of this survey was to briefly describe the presently known Xe biological-and-medical properties and certain mechanisms of Xe impact produced on cells and receptors as well as on the release of mediators and hormones. Besides, the Xe hemodynamic effects are also defined. The conclusion is that the Xe effect can be of a complex nature and can depend on the conditions of the body vital activity (optimal condition, activation, lesion), which predetermine, in their turn, the performance of the structural-and-functional units of various cellular systems.

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SMALL and Spilberg-Khanin questionnaires were used to examine psychological state while statistical and spectral analysis of heart rate at rest and orthostasis to evaluate vegetative status in 86 patients aged 15-24 years with duodenal ulcer (DU). Patients with mild DU had the least psychological and vegetative alterations primarily of the neurotic trend with a relative enhancement of the nervous sympathetic component. A severe disease was characterized by the greatest psychovegetative changes--high SMALL scales, anxiety, stress of the vegetative nervous systems at rest and orthostasis. Thus, alterations in psychic and vegetative status may serve criteria in prediction of DU course in young patients.

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The problem of borderline conditions in the population of Siberia and the Far East is analyzed from the standpoint of a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. The authors established the indicators, close to the real ones, of the prevalence of borderline disorders, exceeding many times the formal statistic data. Evidence is given of the role of certain personality parameters (rigidity, anxiety) and biological factors (the status of the immune and hormonal systems) in the formation and course of borderline conditions. The clinical studies carried out over time made it possible to specify definite stages in the development of borderline pathology. 3 stages were delineated: initial disorders or reactions; neurotic or neurosis-like conditions; neurotic or pathological developments of the personality. The authors demonstrate imperfection of the existing systems of psychiatric aid in respect to patients with borderline disorders and provide evidence for the necessity of organizing psychiatric services outside dispensary aid. Novel organizational models (the center for borderline conditions, the center for mental health care at industrial enterprises, municipal psychohygienic consultation) developed by the authors are provided as prognosis. These structures made it possible to enhance the efficacy of prevention and treatment of borderline conditions.

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In order to study interrelations between schizophrenia forms and the constitutional morphological type of the patients, as many as 840 schizophrenic patients and 282 normal subjects of the control group underwent ++clinico-anthropometric examinations. Comparison of the distribution of the pyknic, normosthenic and asthenic types of build-up in patients with schizophrenia and in the control group of healthy subjects did not reveal material differences and tropism of this endogenous psychosis to the constitution. It has been shown at the same time that at the probability level, the asthenic somatotype is the basis for continuous-progressive forms of the disease; the pyknic type of the build-up is based on the recurrent and shift-like forms with circular features, whereas the normosthenic somatic type forms the basis for the attack-like progressive form. The data obtained permit a conclusion that formation of schizophrenia forms is determined not only by the general pathological regularities common to the given disease but also by the individual typological peculiarities characteristic of different ++morpho-phenotypes of constitution.

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Clinico-anthropometric investigation was performed in 840 schizophrenic patients and 135 patients with other mental disorders. Somatic sex differentiation was assessed using the Tanner index, biacromial and bicristal diameters. Body-building deviations towards non-differentiated adolescent-type patterns were observed only in schizophrenic patients with multiple regional morphologic dysplasias. This could be repeatedly confirmed in three samples of schizophrenic patients observed in different regions of this country. The retardation in the somatic sex differentiation is supposedly related to constitutional-biological features of the disease independent on the speciaficity of schizophrenic process.

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Using clinical and anthropometrical methods involving the determination of discrete somatotypic groups in accordance with the Reese-Aisenk Habitus index, the authors examined 1064 schizophrenic patients. Each constitutional-morphological type was characterized by specific premorbid personality features, duration and patterns of the initial period, as well as by manifest syndromes, variants of the time-course of the process and deficiency types. The process was especially acute in people with pyknic build while the severity of negative disturbances increased from the pyknic pole toward the asthenic one. The normosthenic somatotype was most frequently related to monomorphic productive disorders. The constitutional morphophenotype is considered as an important parameter with regard to the early prognosis of the time-course of schizophrenia.

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The differentiation of psychotic and non-psychotic forms of alcoholism on the basis of the epidemiological data on some clinical characteristics of alcohol pathology over the period of 1975-1982 has shown that the pathomorphism of the clinical manifestations of alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis depends on a complex of social and biological factors. A more considerable involvement of biological factors in determining the age of the onset of alcohol psychoses has been demonstrated. The clinico-anthropometric and clinico-statistical studies of 230 alcoholics of two age groups with a history of delirium tremens has prompted the conclusion as to a considerable influence of the age factor on the change in the clinical picture of the disease and its progression.

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Two hundred and forty patients with psychotic alcoholism and 200 patients with paranoic schizophrenia (48 of them suffered from alcoholism too) were examined clinicoanthropometrically. A definite syndromotaxis in patients with psychotic alcoholism and the peculiarities of the disease manifestations in patients with schizophrenia complicated by alcoholism in discrete somatotypical groups (classified according to the Rees Eysenk index) were discovered. The constitutional morphophenotype is regarded as an additional differential-diagnostic criterion of the disease clinical manifestations.

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Clinico-anthropometric investigation of 300 patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia has been carried out. The results of a correlation analysis of anthropometric characteristics and of an analysis of manifestation age of schizophrenia showed that the closest connection of the traits studied exists in the group of females with the attack-like paranoid schizophrenia. The data are interpreted as the confirmation of the X-chromosome effect in schizophrenia and of interaction between the locus system of schizophrenia and the morphotype system.

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The clinical and anthropometrical methods were used to study the constitutional traits of 240 patients with psychotic forms of alcoholism and 300 patients with paranoid schizophrenia. The somatotypes were assessed by the Rees-Eysenck method. The prepsychotic parameters of alcoholism and the structure of alcoholic delirium were studied in 78 patients, as well as the manifest symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia. The study demonstrated a syndromal modified expressivity in exo- and endogenous processes, depending upon the somatotypical constitution. Simple syndromes were more frequently found in patients with a pyknic somatotype, and complicated in normosthenical and asthenic types of body built. It is suggested that the constitutional and somatotypical factors be included into the multifactorial analysis of the syndrome structure and prognosis in the development of the psychosis.

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