RESUMEN
Immunoglobulin with a high titer of antiherpetic antibodies (1:640 to 1:1280) was used for the treatment of children with acute and recurrent herpetic stomatitis. The agent was injected intramuscularly, 2 to 4 injections, depending on the disease severity. The results evidence a favorable effect of the drug on the clinical and immunologic parameters of patients suffering from the acute condition and permit a conclusion that this immunoglobulin prevented the development of recurrent forms in the children with the acute disease.
Asunto(s)
Benzocaína , Inmunización Pasiva/métodos , Estomatitis Herpética/terapia , Enfermedad Aguda , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Lactante , Lípidos , Pomadas/administración & dosificación , Recurrencia , Simplexvirus/inmunología , Estomatitis Herpética/inmunología , Estomatitis Herpética/prevención & controlRESUMEN
The authors provide the clinical and laboratory data on the etiological structure of acute viral encephalitides in children. Special attention is devoted to the description of the clinical picture of the gravest form of encephalitis caused by type I herpes simplex virus. Present the laboratory data on the long-term preservation of type I herpes simplex virus in the CNS, which correlates to the clinical and morphological findings of the subacute or recurrent course of the disease. Discuss the results of the treatment with the antiviral drug acyclovir (zovirax).
Asunto(s)
Encefalitis/diagnóstico , Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Aguda , Aciclovir/uso terapéutico , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Anticuerpos Antivirales/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Líquido Cefalorraquídeo/inmunología , Niño , Preescolar , Encefalitis/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Encefalitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Herpes Simple/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Herpes Simple/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Lactante , Recurrencia , Simplexvirus/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Eleven virus strains isolated from poliomyelitis patients in Moscow in 1973-1986 were analyzed by the method of oligonucleotide mapping of RNA. The genome of the isolates showed considerable similarity to the genomes of Sabin's vaccine strains and mainly to the vaccine strain of antigenic type 2. The conclusion was made that the sporadic cases of poliomyelitis registered in this region were etiologically linked with the vaccine strains of poliomyelitis virus. Only in one case the disease appeared in the recipient of the vaccine, in all other cases the patients were infected through contacts.
Asunto(s)
Poliomielitis/epidemiología , Poliovirus/genética , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Secuencia de Bases , Preescolar , Heces/microbiología , Genes Virales/genética , Humanos , Lactante , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Moscú/epidemiología , Oligonucleótidos/genética , Poliomielitis/microbiología , Poliovirus/inmunología , Poliovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Two groups of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus strains were studied: Group 1, 5 strains isolated from patients with chronic TBE with progressive course, Group 2, 13 strains isolated from residents of an endemic locality, with chronic diseases of the CNS (amiotrophic lateral sclerosis, epidemic encephalitis, polyoencephalomyelitis, syringomyelia, etc.). Strains of both groups belong to two serotypes of TBE virus: mid-Siberian and Transbaikal (synonym Aina/1448) and eastern. Group 1 strains were heterogeneous in their virulence, immunogenic and surface properties of the virions. The latter characteristic was demonstrated in studies of elution from macropore glass and sensitivity of hemagglutinin to the effect of detergents (Bridge-96, Tween-80). Eight of 13 Group 2 patients had concurrent diseases (tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, tumors, etc.). Streptomycin was demonstrated to activate asymptomatic infection with TBE virus in hamsters. It is assumed that isolation of TBE virus from Group 2 patients could be due to activation of persistent infection under the effect of concurrent diseases and drugs.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/microbiología , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Enfermedad Crónica , Cricetinae , Detergentes/farmacología , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/clasificación , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/patogenicidad , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/microbiología , Hemaglutinación por Virus/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Mesocricetus , Ratones , Serotipificación , Siberia , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Experiments in M. rhesus showed persistence to be a typical property of West Nile virus. This property was exhibited by strains belonging to different antigenic types, and varying in virulence and in the isolation area (U.S.S.R., Uganda, India). The duration of persistence was at least 5 1/2 months in asymptomatic infection and in convalescence after encephalitis or a febrile disease. The virus isolated within the first 2 weeks after inoculation of monkeys has the standard properties. The virus persisting for 2 months retains its cytopathic and antigenic activity, however, is non-pathogenic for white mice. After 5 1/2 months of persistence the virus has no neurovirulence or cytopathic properties but is capable of infecting the susceptible cells and induces in them the synthesis of virus-specific antigen detectable by immunofluorescence. The persisting virus has been isolated by cocultivation of trypsinized monkey organ cells and cells of the indicator culture. This virus was located mostly in the cerebellum, cerebral subcortical ganglia, lymph nodes, and kidneys. The monkeys experiencing encephalitis, febrile, or asymptomatic infection showed in morphological examinations a subacute inflammatory-degenerative process in the central nervous system. The results suggest that West Nile virus, one of the most widely spread arboviruses in Africa, Asia, and Europe, may be implicated in the etiology of subacute diseases of the CNS.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Togaviridae/microbiología , Fiebre del Nilo Occidental/microbiología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Formación de Anticuerpos , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Sistema Nervioso Central/patología , Encefalitis/microbiología , Macaca mulatta , Viremia/microbiología , Fiebre del Nilo Occidental/inmunología , Fiebre del Nilo Occidental/patologíaRESUMEN
In 28 Macaca rhesus monkeys inoculated subcutaneously (s.c.) with different strains and mutants of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus and developing asymptomatic infection, TBE virus and the virus-specific antigen were found at different intervals up to 302 days post inoculation (p.i.) in the CNS and internal organs (liver, spleen, lymph nodes, kidneys). When cyclophosphane (CP) was used as an immunosuppressor, no significant changes in virus distribution were observed with the exception of more frequent isolations at early intervals from kidneys and at late intervals from spleen. With or without CP administration virus was found in the spinal cord at 3--6 days, in the cerebellum and subcortical ganglia at 11--14 days, in the cerebral cortex at 19 days p.i. Early after inoculation the virus was more frequently isolated from the CNS than from the internal organs; later (93--302 days p.i.) the persisting virus or virus-specific antigen were predominantly found in internal organs. The set of sensitive methods used facilitated to detect the persistence of TBE virus in noninfectious form in monkeys with asymptomatic infection.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/aislamiento & purificación , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/microbiología , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Ganglios Linfáticos/microbiología , Macaca mulatta , Bazo/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Sixty-seven Macaca rhesus monkeys were inoculated with 2 mutants and 3 virulent strains of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus including strains isolated from patients with a chronic form of TBE. A model of the clinical course of acute, subacute, and chronic encephalitis was produced by intracerebral inoculation and that of asymptomatic infection was produced by subcutaneous inoculation [with or without administration of cyclophosphane (CP)]. Virus persistence developed after inoculation with all the strains, after non-fatal encephalitis and inapparent infection irrespective of CP administration. In monkeys recovering from encephalitis the virus persisted for at least 783 days. After asymptomatic infection, it persisted for 302 days; neither virus nor virus-specific antigen was detected at 356, 367, and 620 days.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/aislamiento & purificación , Macaca mulatta/microbiología , Macaca/microbiología , Animales , Enfermedad Crónica , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/genética , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/microbiología , Mutación , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Fifty monkeys (Macaca rhesus) inoculated with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)virus intracerebrally or subcutaneously were examined. The efficiencies of different virus detection methods at 90 to 783 days after inoculation were: explantation of organs - 41.2%; co-cultivation of trypsinized organ cells and indicator cells in the presence of 5-bromo-2-iododeoxyuridine with detection of the virus-specific antigen by immunofluorescence - 43.7%, detection of infectious virus and complement-fixing antigen - 13.6%; immunofluorescence examination of organ impression smears - 29.3%; and examination of organ homogenates with detection of virus pathogenic for mice - 1.7%. the latter method was the least sensitive for the detection of persisting TBE virus, in spite of that in the first 3 weeks of infection its efficacy was 88.1% in examinations of clinically ill monkeys and 23.8% in the inapparent form of the infection.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/aislamiento & purificación , Macaca mulatta/microbiología , Macaca/microbiología , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/inmunología , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/microbiología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Ratones , Factores de Tiempo , Activación Viral , Cultivo de Virus/métodosRESUMEN
The properties of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus persisting for 90-383 days after intracerebral and subcutaneous inoculation of Macaca rhesus monkeys were studied, namely (1) the type of infection produced directly in the tissues of the experimental monkeys; (2) the activating effect of co-cultivation and explantation procedures; and (3) the phenotype of the isolates by a set of markers. The virus was detected and analysed in 52 instances. Directly in monkey tissues the virus induced a productive infection rarely (5.8%) but more frequently (71.2%) an abortive infection detectable by immunofluorescence (presence of virus-specific antigen). In 23% of instances a nonproductive infection was observed in monkey tissues. Like abortive infection it could be activated by the co-cultivation of cells and explantation procedures. The latter exerted a more marked activating effect than co-cultivation. The strains isolated from monkey tissues in productive infection or activated by explanation or co-cultivation were heterogeneous in their properties. The following virus phenotypes were found: virus highly virulent for mice, cytocidal and antigenically complete; a cytocidal virus of low virulence, possessing haemagglutinin; and a cytocidal virus apathogenic for mice, devoid of haemagglutinin but synthesizing complement-fixing antigen and an antigen detectable by immunofluorescence.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/genética , Macaca mulatta/microbiología , Macaca/microbiología , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Embrión de Pollo , Efecto Citopatogénico Viral , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/inmunología , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/microbiología , Hemaglutininas Virales/análisis , Ratones , Fenotipo , Activación Viral , Cultivo de Virus/métodosRESUMEN
Four strains of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus isolated in the Irkutsk region were shown by the agar gel diffusion and precipitation test with adsorbed sera to comprise a single antigenic group differing from members of the eastern and western TBE virus serotypes (Sophyin and 256 strains). The group includes the strains isolated during 20 years (1960 - 1980) from patients with chronic TBE form (Aina/1448 and 763 strains), from the brain of root vole (Microtus oeconomus Pall) (strain 147), and from Ix. persulcatus ticks (Irkutsk-6 strain). The clonal analysis showed the Aina/1448 strain population to be antigenically homogeneous.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos Virales/análisis , Células Clonales/inmunología , Virus de la Encefalitis Transmitidos por Garrapatas/clasificación , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/inmunología , Humanos , Conejos , Roedores/inmunología , Serotipificación , Siberia , Garrapatas/inmunología , Cultivo de VirusRESUMEN
A total of 5227 serum specimens from humans, horses and swine collected in the seasons of 1968--1976 in 15 administrative areas of the Primorskiy Kray were examined with antigens of a number of mosquito-borne arboviruses: Japanese encephalitis (JE), West Nile (WN), Getah, and Sindbis. Both independent and combined circulation of these viruses in the region was established. Sindbis virus was found to be circulating separately most frequently, West Nile virus the least frequently. According to the results of the serological analysis, the conditions for combined circulation are most closely related for JE and Getah, and JE and WN viruses. The interpretation of the results of examinations of the sera reacting simultaneously with JE and WN virus is most difficult because of close antigenic relationship of these viruses. A set of methods for serological differentiation of bivalent sera to JE and WN viruses and the criteria for the assessment of the results are recommended.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Arbovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Togaviridae/epidemiología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Culicidae , Encefalitis Japonesa/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Caballos , Humanos , Insectos Vectores , Siberia , Virus Sindbis , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/epidemiología , Fiebre del Nilo Occidental/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A peculiar clone, 41/WN+JE+, possessing antigenic determinants of a flaviviruses, West Nile (WN) and Japanese encphalitis (JE), is described. The antigenic duality of this clone exceeded the cross reactions between WN and JE viruses; either antiserum neutralized 104--105 PFU/ml of the virus. The property of antigenic duality was inherited in over 340 virus generations and retained upon propagation in selective cell systems and after recloning. The progeny of infectious RNA consisted of 3 types of virus particle: antigenetically distinct WN and JE viruses and particles retaining dual antigenic determinants WN+JE+. The nature of clone 41/WN+JE+ (a stable heterozygote accompanied by phenotypic mixing) and its origin due to inadvertent contamination of attenuated WN virus with JE virus is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/inmunología , Epítopos , Genes , Virus del Nilo Occidental/inmunología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Reacciones Cruzadas , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ratones , ARN Viral , Ensayo de Placa Viral , Virus del Nilo Occidental/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Two phenomena, competition and independent reproduction, were observed on co-cultivation of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and West Nile (WN) viruses in permissive systems. Competition occurred in populations propagated in mouse brains and led to elimination of JE virus. Only clones of WN virus were isolated from these populations at the 1st-3rd passage level. No competition was observed in mixed infection of primary Syrian hamster kidney (SHK) cell culturess the population had the combined immunological phenotype JE+WN+, and contained discrete JE and WN virus clones and clones with duplex antigenic markers. Upon subcloning, the latter dissociated into JE and WN viruses. The competition phenomenon depended upon 3 factors: co-cultivation system, peculiarities of the virus strains, and virus dose. The capacity of WN virus strains to eliminate JE virus in mixed infection of mice varied.