RESUMEN
The Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (KMAD) occupies a prominent place in the economy of Russia in oil and gas production and energy generation. The development of hydrocarbon raw material extraction in the district does great damage to the environment and nature. This results in the accumulation of toxic chemical elements in man. The levels of lead, cadmium, calcium, and zinc were measured in the hair of indigenous and non-indigenous populations of the district. High lead and cadmium and low calcium and zinc concentration were found in indigenous adults and children in the KMAD.
Asunto(s)
Intoxicación por Cadmio/epidemiología , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Intoxicación por Plomo/epidemiología , Adulto , Cadmio/análisis , Intoxicación por Cadmio/diagnóstico , Intoxicación por Cadmio/etiología , Preescolar , Femenino , Cabello/química , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Plomo/administración & dosificación , Intoxicación por Plomo/diagnóstico , Intoxicación por Plomo/etiología , Masculino , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The severity of disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes depended on activity of antioxidant enzymes in the target organ (pancreas). Damage to the pancreas is related to intensive generation of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and lipid peroxides. Alloxan-induced diabetes in rats is a free radical disease, which in vivo serves as a useful model for the search for pharmacological preparations with antiradical and antioxidant properties. The antioxidant compound probucol indirectly increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in the pancreas and prevented the development of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Our results indicate that different sensitivity of laboratory animals of various species (rats and guinea pigs) to the influence of alloxan is associated with abnormal variations in activity of enzymes utilizing reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides in mammalian pancreatic cells.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/enzimología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/prevención & control , Islotes Pancreáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Páncreas/enzimología , Probucol/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Glutatión Peroxidasa/análisis , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Transferasa/análisis , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Páncreas/química , Probucol/farmacología , Ratas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/análisis , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/análisis , Islotes Pancreáticos/enzimología , Hígado/enzimología , Probucol/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/análisis , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/enzimología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/prevención & control , Insulina/sangre , RatasRESUMEN
The influence of glybenclamide on insulin and zinc content was studied in the pancreatic islets of rats, depending on the dose of the preparation and the time of study. The extent of hypoglycemia after the glybenclamide administration failed to correlate with the dose, whereas morphological changes in the gland were directly dependent on the dose of the preparation. The data obtained pointed to the pancreatotropic action of glybenclamide and confirmed the existence of zinc-insulin complex in beta-cells of the islets and its disintegration under the effect of this preparation.