RESUMEN

The thymus, where T lymphocytes develop and mature, is sensitive to insults such as tissue ischemia or injury. The insults can cause thymic atrophy and compromise T-cell development, potentially impairing adaptive immunity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether myocardial infarction (MI) induces thymic injury to impair T lymphopoiesis and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. When compared with sham controls, MI mice at day 7 post-MI exhibited smaller thymus, lower cellularity, as well as less thymocytes at different developmental stages, indicative of T-lymphopoiesis impairment following MI. Accordingly, the spleen of MI mice has less T cells and recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), implying that the thymus of MI mice releases fewer mature thymocytes than sham controls. Interestingly, the secretory function of splenic T cells was not affected by MI. Further experiments showed that the reduction of thymocytes in MI mice was due to increased thymocyte apoptosis. Removal of adrenal glands by adrenalectomy (ADX) prevented MI-induced thymic injury and dysfunction, whereas corticosterone supplementation in ADX + MI mice reinduced thymic injury and dysfunction, indicating that glucocorticoids mediate thymic damage triggered by MI. Eosinophils play essential roles in thymic regeneration postirradiation, and eosinophil-deficient mice exhibit impaired thymic recovery after sublethal irradiation. Interestingly, the thymus was fully regenerated in both wild-type and eosinophil-deficient mice at day 14 post-MI, suggesting that eosinophils are not critical for thymus regeneration post-MI. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that MI-induced glucocorticoids trigger thymocyte apoptosis and impair T lymphopoiesis, resulting in less mature thymocyte release to the spleen.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The thymus is essential for maintaining whole body T-cell output. Thymic injury can adversely affect T lymphopoiesis and T-cell immune response. This study demonstrates that MI induces thymocyte apoptosis and compromises T lymphopoiesis, resulting in fewer releases of mature thymocytes to the spleen. This process is mediated by glucocorticoids secreted by adrenal glands. Therefore, targeting glucocorticoids represents a novel approach to attenuate post-MI thymic injury.

Asunto(s)

Adrenalectomía , Apoptosis , Linfopoyesis , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Infarto del Miocardio , Timo , Animales , Timo/patología , Timo/inmunología , Timo/efectos de los fármacos , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/inmunología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Masculino , Timocitos/metabolismo , Timocitos/patología , Timocitos/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Eosinófilos/inmunología , Bazo/inmunología , Bazo/metabolismo , Bazo/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Corticosterona/sangre

RESUMEN

Chiral hybrid metal-halide semiconductors (MHS) pose as ideal candidates for spintronic applications owing to their strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and long spin relaxation times. Shedding light on the underlying structure-property relationships is of paramount importance for the targeted synthesis of materials with an optimum performance. Herein, we report the synthesis and optical properties of 1D chiral (R-/S-THBTD)SbBr5 (THBTD = 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine) semiconductors using a multifunctional ligand as a countercation and a structure directing agent. (R-/S-THBTD)SbBr5 feature direct and indirect band gap characteristics, exhibiting photoluminescence (PL) light emission at RT that is accompanied by a lifetime of a few ns. Circular dichroism (CD), second harmonic generation (SHG), and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) studies validate the chiral nature of the synthesized materials. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed a Rashba/Dresselhaus (R/D) spin splitting, supported by an energy splitting (ER) of 23 and 25 meV, and a Rashba parameter (αR) of 0.23 and 0.32 eV·Å for the R and S analogs, respectively. These values are comparable to those of the 3D and 2D perovskite materials. Notably, (S-THBTD)SbBr5 has been air-stable for a year, a record performance among chiral lead-free MHS. This work demonstrates that low-dimensional, lead-free, chiral semiconductors with exceptional air stability can be acquired, without compromising spin splitting and manipulation performance.