RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To characterize the genetic environment of the carbapenem resistance determinant in Proteus vulgaris of swine origin. METHODS: The carbapenem-resistant P. vulgaris strain BC22 was isolated from a faecal swab from a diseased pig with diarrhoea in Sichuan Province of China in 2018. The presence of carbapenemase genes was screened by PCR. WGS and bioinformatics analysis were performed to analyse the genetic environment of the carbapenem resistance determinant. RESULTS: P. vulgaris strain BC22 was found to harbour the carbapenemase gene blaNDM-1. WGS data revealed that blaNDM-1 was located in a truncated ISAba125 composite transposon. The carbapenem resistance gene blaNDM-1 and 20 other resistance genes, including the multiresistance gene cfr and the bifunctional aminoglycoside/quinolone resistance gene aac(6')-lb-cr, were located in a novel SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative element (ICE). This new SXT/R391 ICE of 148.7 kb was chromosomally located, and could be transferred to Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we report a carbapenemase gene, blaNDM-1, integrated into an SXT/R391 ICE. Our study highlights that this SXT/R391 ICE may facilitate the dissemination of clinically important resistance genes such as blaNDM-1, cfr and aac(6')-lb-cr.
Asunto(s)
Proteus vulgaris , beta-Lactamasas , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , China , Conjugación Genética , Porcinos , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Human salmonellosis caused by the consumption of eggs and chicken meat contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis has become a continuing public health concern worldwide. In this study we adopted whole genome sequencing (WGS) to determine the genetic relationship and antimicrobial resistance of S. enterica strains isolated from a poultry breeding enterprise that consists of one breeding chicken farm, one egg hatchery and one commercial chicken farm. A total of 148 S. enterica including 147 S. Enteritidis strains were isolated from 2100 fecal swab samples, with 16 (5.3 %, 16/300) from breeding chicken farm, 38 (4.2 %, 38/900) from egg hatchery and 94 (10.4 %, 94/900) from commercial chicken farm. WGS revealed that all 147 S. Enteritidis strains belonged to ST11, and further divided into 4 different ribosomal STs and 64 core genome STs. Single nucleotide polymorphism typing suggested the presence of the vertical transmission of S. Enteritidis from breeding chicken to commercial chicken. Three different antimicrobial-resistant plasmids including one blaCTX-M-14-carrying plasmid and two virulence-resistance plasmids were characterized, resulting in the heterogeneous antimicrobial resistance of clonally related S. Enteritidis strains. Routine surveillance in breeding chicken farms is conducive to the control of S. Enteritidis from farm to fork.
Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Aves de Corral/microbiología , Salmonella enteritidis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cruzamiento , Pollos/microbiología , China , Granjas , Femenino , Masculino , Óvulo/microbiología , Plásmidos/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/transmisión , Salmonelosis Animal/epidemiología , Salmonelosis Animal/transmisión , Salmonella enteritidis/genética , Virulencia/genética , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaAsunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Enterococcus faecalis/aislamiento & purificación , Enterococcus faecium/aislamiento & purificación , Genes Bacterianos , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Domésticos , China , Cloranfenicol/farmacología , Enterococcus faecalis/clasificación , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Enterococcus faecium/clasificación , Enterococcus faecium/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/genética , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Oxazolidinonas/farmacología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Tetraciclina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to detect transferable oxazolidinone resistance determinants (cfr, optrA and poxtA) in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates of swine origin in Sichuan Province, China. METHODS: A total of 158 enterococcal isolates (93 E. faecalis and 65 E. faecium) isolated from 25 large-scale swine farms (2016-2017) were screened for the presence of cfr, optrA and poxtA by PCR. The genetic environments of cfr, optrA and poxtA were characterised by whole-genome sequencing. Transfer of oxazolidinone resistance determinants was determined by conjugation or electrotransformation experiments. RESULTS: The transferable oxazolidinone resistance determinants cfr, optrA and poxtA were detected in zero, six and one enterococcal isolates, respectively. The poxtA gene in one E. faecalis isolate was located on a 37 990-bp plasmid that co-harboured fexB, cat, tet(L) and tet(M) and could be conjugated to E. faecalis JH2-2. One E. faecalis isolate harboured two different OptrA variants, including one variant with a single substitution (Q219H) that has not been reported previously. Two optrA-carrying plasmids, pC25-1 (45 581bp) and pC54 (64 500bp), shared a 40 494-bp identical region containing the genetic context IS1216E-fexA-optrA-erm(A)-IS1216E that could be electrotransformed into Staphylococcus aureus. Four different chromosomal optrA gene clusters were found in five strains, in which optrA was associated with Tn554 or Tn558 inserted into the radC gene. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the fact that mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, IS1216E, Tn554 and Tn558, may facilitate the horizontal transmission of optrA and poxtA genes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/efectos de los fármacos , Oxazolidinonas/farmacología , Animales , China , Enterococcus faecalis/genética , Enterococcus faecium/genética , Granjas , Heces/microbiología , Transferencia de Gen Horizontal , Genes Bacterianos , Genoma Bacteriano , Secuencias Repetitivas Esparcidas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaRESUMEN
A novel 139,487-bp SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative element, ICEPmiChnBCP11, was characterized in Proteus mirabilis of swine origin in China. ICEPmiChnBCP11 harbors 20 different antimicrobial resistance genes, including the clinically important rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr, the extended-spectrum ß-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-65, fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3, and fluoroquinolone resistance gene aac(6')-Ib-cr An ISPpu12-mediated composite transposon containing various resistance genes and 10 copies of IS26 is inserted in hot spot 4. ICEPmiChnBCP11 was successfully transferred to Escherichia coli.
Asunto(s)
Conjugación Genética/genética , Elementos Transponibles de ADN/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Transferencia de Gen Horizontal/genética , Proteus mirabilis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteus mirabilis/genética , Animales , China , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacología , Fosfomicina/farmacología , Metiltransferasas/genética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Fosfotransferasas (Aceptor de Grupo Alcohol)/genética , Proteus mirabilis/aislamiento & purificación , Porcinos , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
A novel 61,578-bp genomic island named Proteus genomic island 2 (PGI2) was characterized in Proteus mirabilis of swine origin in China. The 23.85-kb backbone of PGI2 is related to those of Salmonella genomic island 1 and Acinetobacter genomic island 1. The multidrug resistance (MDR) region of PGI2 is a complex class 1 integron containing 14 different resistance genes. PGI2 was conjugally mobilized in trans to Escherichia coli in the presence of a conjugative IncC helper plasmid.
Asunto(s)
Islas Genómicas/genética , Proteus mirabilis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteus mirabilis/genética , Animales , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Integrones/genética , Salmonella/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella/genética , PorcinosRESUMEN
A novel 65.8-kb multidrug resistance transposon, designated Tn6450, was characterized in a Proteus mirabilis isolate from chicken in China. Tn6450 contains 18 different antimicrobial resistance genes, including cephalosporinase gene blaDHA-1 and fluoroquinolone resistance genes qnrA1 and aac(6')-Ib-cr It carries a class 1/2 hybrid integron composed of intI2 and a 3' conserved segment of the class 1 integron. Tn6450 is derived from Tn7 via acquisition of new mobile elements and resistance genes.
Asunto(s)
Elementos Transponibles de ADN/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Proteus mirabilis/genética , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Pollos , China , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacología , Integrones/genética , Proteus mirabilis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The novel 63,558-bp plasmid pSA-01, which harbors nine antibiotic resistance genes, including cfr, erm(C), tet(L), erm(T), aadD, fosD, fexB, aacA-aphD, and erm(B), was characterized in Staphylococcus arlettae strain SA-01, isolated from a chicken farm in China. The colocation of cfr and fosD genes was detected for the first time in an S. arlettae plasmid. The detection of two IS431-mediated circular forms containing resistance genes in SA-01 suggested that IS431 may facilitate dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Fosfomicina/farmacología , Plásmidos/química , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Staphylococcus/genética , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Pollos , China/epidemiología , Granjas , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Plásmidos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus/metabolismoRESUMEN
IncC plasmids are of great concern as vehicles of broad-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems resistance genes blaCMY and blaNDM. The aim of this study was to sequence and characterize a multidrug resistance (MDR) IncC plasmid (pPm14C18) recovered from Proteus mirabilis. pPm14C18 was identified in a CMY-2-producing P. mirabilis isolate from chicken in China in 2014, and could be transferred to Escherichia coli conferring an MDR phenotype. Whole genome sequencing confirmed pPm14C18 was a novel type 1/2 hybrid IncC plasmid 165,992bp in size, containing fifteen antimicrobial resistance genes. It harboured a novel MDR mosaic region comprised of a hybrid Tn21tnp-pDUmer, in which blaCTX-M-65, dfrA32 and ereA were firstly reported in IncC plasmid. Phylogenetic relationship reconstruction based on the nucleotide sequences of the 52 IncC backbones showed all type 1 IncC plasmids were clustered into one clade, and then merged with pPm14C18 and finally with the type 2 IncC plasmids and another type 1/2 hybrid IncC plasmid pYR1. The MDR IncC plasmids in P. mirabilis of animal origin might threaten public health, which should be drawn more attention.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Plásmidos/genética , Proteus mirabilis/genética , Animales , Pollos/microbiología , China , Escherichia coli/genética , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Sixteen different sequence types (STs) of Escherichia coli isolates from a commercial swine farm in China were confirmed to coharbor the carbapenem resistance gene blaNDM-5 and the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 Whole-genome sequencing revealed that blaNDM-5 and mcr-1 were located on a 46-kb IncX3 plasmid and a 32-kb IncX4 plasmid, respectively. The two plasmids can transfer together with a low fitness cost, which might explain the presence of various STs of E. coli coharboring blaNDM-5 and mcr-1.