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Study of 44 athletes of various sport skill undergoing training for endurance showed the chemiluminescence method to be an important parameter indicating that a person is trained for physical exertion. The broad-spectrum adaptogenic agents elton and leveton reduced in in-vitro experiments the superweak luminescence of urine, which is evidence of their direct antioxidant effect. Twenty-day administration of elton and leveton reduced chemiluminescence and the level of malonic dialdehyde in the urine of highly skilled athletes and increased their physical working capacity tested by bicycle ergometry with gradually increasing physical loads.

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A new class of anabolic substances includes different saponins, originated from Leuzea rhaponticum sp. The effect of these substances on the human body was studied by caliperometric measurements of body folds. All tested substances taken orally for three weeks diminished fat content under conditions of daily aerobic-anaerobic training. Ekdisten and Prime Plus (combination of ekdisten and pure protein) elevated the muscle mass. The same effect of leventon was less pronounced. We showed that all substances studied elevated the magnitude of "total work", estimated per 1 kg of body weight. Ekdisten and Prime Plus again appeared to be most efficient. The prospects of using the saponins in sport medicine are discussed.

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The effects of carnitine derivatives on the fitness of pretrained animals were studied. It was found that carnitine preparations such as L-carnitine, mildronate, and acetyl-L-carnitine used for 10 days statistically significantly increased the maximum running speed and its endurance, whereas DL-carnitine failed. The effects of carnitine preparations on speed endurance were in proportion to their antioxidative activity.

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The influence of prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in Moscow was studied basing on the parameters of their providing with vitamins, physical development and health. It was established that as a result of prophylactic vitamin administration of "Undevitum" during 6 months the morbidity rate (especially, of acute respiratory diseases) decreased that produced a definite economic effect. The prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in the winter-spring period has been recommended.

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To determine daily energy consumption the time budget was studied and energy consumption by children of varying age and sex was calculated at the main postures and types of activity. The data obtained have shown that the energy value of food rations during a year exceeded the physiological energy requirement in schoolchildren of the I age group on the average by 20-35 kcal, while in the II and III age groups it was lower by 30-150 kcal. These results show the necessity of rationalization of nutrition for children in boarding schools of Tbilisi.

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The authors provide data obtained in the course of studying energy expenditures in choreographic students of the city of Perm depending on age and sex. Present scientifically validated food and energy requirements with regard to which approximate daily sets of foods and weekly diets for different age groups with regard to sex have been developed. It has been established that these diets tried during school year at the Perm choreographic college exert a beneficial effect on the students.

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Among diversified conditions of the environment, nutrition factor is of no less importance for harmonic physical and intellectual development of the growing organism. The paper summarizes the main principles of organizing rational nutrition for the growing organism. Demonstrates the significance of a comprehensive study of actual nutrition, physical development and the health status of children and adolescents in specifying the consumption rates of foods and energy with a purpose of organizing rational nutrition. Recommends new consumption rates of foods and energy for children and adolescents with due regard for results of investigations carried out in the RSFSR (Moscow) and other republics of this country, approved by the Board of the USSR Ministry of Health in 1982. Notes that the use of industrial products having an increased biological value plays an essential part in rationalization of children and adolescents' nutrition.

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A modified method is described for determination of transketolase (TK) activity in the blood and the degree of its stimulation under the effect of exogenous thiamine diphosphate (TDP-effect). The method allows for an appreciable reduction of the time required for an analysis and to decrease 2-fold the blood volume necessary for the determination. With the use of the modification described 70 schoolchildren of three age groups (7-10, 11-13 and 14-15 years old) attending one of the Moscow non-specialized prolonged-day schools were examined. It was found that the magnitude of TDP-effect in the schoolchildren of all three groups was fairly similar (9.4, 7.7 and 6.9%, respectively) and was within normal (15%). Despite adequate thiamine status of all the group on the whole, in part of the schoolchildren (in 20% on the average) of each age group the magnitude of TDP-effect exceeded 15%. This pointed to inadequate supply with thiamine of these schoolchildren and to the necessity of taking appropriate measures aimed at preventing the clinically marked thiamine deficiency. The modified method suggested may be used during studies on thiamine supply of different population groups, particularly of the schoolchildren attending non-specialized schools.

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The paper described a scientifically validated approximate daily collection of foodstuffs and approximate weekly menu that correspond with the main foodstuff and energy physiological requirements of children and adolescents (aged 7-14 years). Discusses a number of nutrition organization aspects at summer pioneer camps.

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The paper briefs age-specific features of schoolchildren, and nature of the present-day education with emphasis on the necessity of providing the children with rational diet to ensure harmonious development of the personality, health strengthening and improving school results. A list is presented of foods and culinary articles of high biological value developed by the Institute of Nutrition in cooperation with enterprises of food, meat and milk, and fishing industry and some other institutes of the country. A number of organizational measures required for providing schools with foods enumerated are offered and the necessity of developing differentiated diets for schoolchildren of varying age is stressed.

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