RESUMEN
Two new bicyclic hexapeptides, RA-XXIII and RA-XXIV, were isolated from the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae). Their structures were determined by the analysis of their 2D NMR spectra, chemical methods, and X-ray crystallography. The IC50 values of RA-XXIII and RA-XXIV against P-388 leukemia cells were 0.16 and 0.48 microg/ml, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Péptidos Cíclicos/farmacología , Rubia/química , Amoníaco/química , Bromo/química , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metilación , Péptidos Cíclicos/aislamiento & purificación , Raíces de Plantas/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaRESUMEN
In order to clarify the role of the 1-substituent of quinazoline derivatives in their inhibitory activity against poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), two novel inhibitors, 1 [8-hydroxy-1-(3-morpholinopropyl)-quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] and 2 [8-hydroxy-1-(3-phenoxypropyl)-quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione], were synthesized and subjected to X-ray crystal analysis in complex with the PARP C-terminal catalytic domain (PARP-CD), which requires NAD+ coenzyme for biological function. The nicotinamide-mimicking part of the quinazoline skeleton of 1 and 2 were both located at the nicotinamide subsite of the NAD+-binding pocket in the same manner as previously reported inhibitors: three hydrogen bonds [(Gly-863)NH-O12, (Gly-863)O-HN3 and (Ser-904)O(gamma)-O12] and stacking interaction between the Tyr-907 phenol and the quinazoline ring. On the other hand, the N-morpholinoprop-3-yl moiety introduced at the 1-position of the quinazoline ring in 1 bridged the large gap between the donor site and the acceptor site through a (Met-890)NH-O20(morpholine) hydrogen bond, where the donor and the acceptor sites are classified as the binding sites of NAD+ and the ADP moiety of the poly(ADP-ribose) chain, respectively. In contrast, the N-phenoxyprop-3-yl moiety in 2 formed hydrophobic interactions close to the adenosine-binding site of NAD+, unlike the hydrogen bond such as in 1. As the inhibitory activities of 1 and 2 for PARP were much more potent than those of the unsubstituted nicotinamide analogues, these results suggest that the occupation of the proximal region of the ADP phosphate-and adenosine-binding subsite of the donor site or that of the gap between the donor and the acceptor site by the 1-substituent of quinazoline may increase the inhibitory activity considerably. The nearly equal inhibitory activities of 1 and 2, despite of their different binding modes at the active site, indicate that this 1-substituent is promising in improving the bioavailability of the inhibitor without compromising its inhibitory activity.