RESUMEN
Many authors consider oral hygiene an important factor in the etiology and pathogenesis of oral cavity cancer. The aim of the present study was to establish the role of poor oral hygiene in the development of malignant lesions in the oral cavity. One hundred and three patients were interviewed. Questions, regarding oral hygiene were included in the interview. Results showed that 53,80% of urban residents brush their teeth twice daily whereas 65,52% of rural residents brush their teeth irregularly - p<0,001 (chi(2)=23,67). 46,88% of women clean their teeth twice daily. 46,94% of men do not maintain adequate oral hygiene - p<0,05 (chi(2)= 9,21). Regarding the brush, it was found out that 56,00% of females use a hard bristle toothbrush, the same refers to 28,04% of men - p<0,05 (chi(2)= 4,15). Hard bristle toothbrush was used by 48,88% of urban residents and 9,09% of rural residents - p<0,05 (chi(2)= 5,78). People up to 30 years of age use hard bristle toothbrush most often -39,13% - p<0,01 (chi(2)=12,26). The accumulated evidence provides further explanation why oral cavity cancer is more frequent in men, rural residents and in the elderly. Oral hygiene is a factor in the development of oral cavity cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Boca , Higiene Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Higiene Oral , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
In transversal epidemiologic study of 960 children of the age 7-14 years dynamics of occlusal caries in permanent molars depending on the occlusal morphology was established. The diagnostic scale of Espelid et al. was used to diagnose occlusal caries and the classification of Hirano and Aoba was used in the analysis of occlusal morphology. The results of the study showed that with age the share of occlusal surfaces of caries is increasing, the share of deep fissures is decreasing and the share of shallow fissures in first and second permanent molars remains unchanged. Occlusal morphology should be taken into consideration when elaborating a strategy for prevention of occlusal caries in children.
Asunto(s)
Fuerza de la Mordida , Caries Dental/fisiopatología , Dentición Permanente , Diente Molar , Adolescente , Niño , HumanosRESUMEN
AIM: The study aims at following up the dynamics of caries activity (As) and caries reduction (Rs) of first permanent molars (M1) in group prophylaxis with 0.42% fluoride gel in groups with relatively low caries risk. METHODS: A three-year-long study on 213 7-year olds from Plovdiv was carried out. Children were assigned to two groups - an experimental group and a control group. The children in both groups had no clinical caries on M1 (DMFS = 0) and dft < the means for seven-year olds in Plovdiv. The screening procedure excluded children who were undergoing orthodontic treatment. Eight applications of 0.42% fluoride gel each at 3-month intervals were made in the experimental group. RESULTS: In the first two years caries activity was significantly higher in the control group. In the third year, after discontinuing gel application caries activity in the experimental group slightly increased while that in the control group decreased. No statistically significant differences were found. Caries reduction was highest in the first year (73.12%) with slight decline in the 2nd year (71.12%). In the 3rd year caries reduction was only 17.07%. Despite this, Rs of M1 as measured for the whole period at the end of the 3rd year was 61.93%. CONCLUSION: The first permanent molars are susceptible to caries attack even in groups with relatively low caries risk. The results of this study demonstrate the high effectiveness of prophylaxis using fluoride gel.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Fluoruros/uso terapéutico , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Niño , Geles , Humanos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The peculiarities of early childhood require specific approaches to dental caries treatment. The necessity of discussing this problem has justified the undertaking of this study. AIM: The aim was to determine caries incidence rate and the need for its treatment in children aged 12 to 47 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 370 children from Plovdiv. It was conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization requirements for epidemiological study of dental caries. Three age groups were formed: group I (12-23 months), group II (24-35 months), and group III (36-47 months). Dental caries on a cavitation level was diagnosed by means of a probe and a mirror. The indicators of caries incidence--total and separately by active and treated caries, as well as the percentage of surfaces with active caries were determined. RESULTS: Caries incidence rate in group I was 0.54, in group II--1.45 and in group III--1.85. A rapid increase of these values was observed between I and II group--P < 0.001. In all age groups the active caries incidence, as well as the percentage of surfaces with active caries were considerably higher than that of treated caries incidence, P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: In the studied populations dental caries is treated only in a very small number of cases. Further studies are necessary for determining the causes for this--causes attributable to the parents, as well to the practising dentists.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Preescolar , Caries Dental/patología , Caries Dental/terapia , Humanos , Lactante , Diente Primario/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of the caries-affected teeth and dental surfaces at a specific age can be of great importance for the effective prevention and treatment of dental caries. AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine caries incidence by tooth types and tooth surfaces, totally and separately by jaws in children from 12 to 47 months of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was representative and was conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization requirements for epidemiological study of dental caries. It comprised 370 children from 12 to 47 months of age, selected by a random sampling method. Three age groups were formed: group I (12-23 months), group II (24-35 months), and group III (36-47 months). Dental caries on a cavitation level was diagnosed by means of a probe and a mirror. RESULTS: In children from groups I and II the highest caries incidence rate was found to be on the vestibular surfaces of the central and lateral incisors of the upper jaw, followed by the caries on the occlusal surfaces of the molars of both jaws. In group III this trend changed--the highest caries incidence level was observed in the molars of the lower jaw, followed by the incisors of the upper jaw. CONCLUSION: The study results enhance the knowledge of early childhood caries. The data can be used to design preventive programs and develop methods for caries treatment targeting children of these age groups.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/patología , Diente Primario/patología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Preescolar , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Humanos , Incisivo/patología , Lactante , Maxilares/patología , Diente Molar/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The polarization of dental caries is a notion defined as a small percentage of persons with high dental caries rate and a large percentage of caries-free persons. This phenomenon has not been studied sufficiently in children aged 12 to 47 months which has justified the undertaking of this study. AIM: To determine the percentages of persons with different levels of caries incidence and the percentages of their carious and filled teeth (dft) of the total number of dft in the respective age group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is representative and was conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization requirements for epidemiological study of dental caries. It comprises 370 children from 12 to 47 months of age selected by a random sampling method. Three age groups were formed: group I (12-23 months), group II (24-35 months) and group III (36-47 months). Dental caries on a cavitation level was diagnosed by means of a probe and a mirror. In all groups we further divided the subjects into subgroups of different level of dft (carious and filled teeth): subgroup I--dft = 0 (caries free), subgroup II--dft = 1, subgroup III--dft = 2 and subgroup IV--dft > or = 3. RESULTS: Marked dental caries polarization is observed in all studied age groups--a large percentage of persons free of caries and a small percentage of persons with high dental caries rate--P < 0.001. In one-year-old children 8.33% are carriers of 63.08% of the total dft in that age group, in two-year-old children 18.33% are carriers of 81.50% of the total dft in that age group, and in three-year-old children 25.38% are carriers of 74.58% of the total dft of that age group. CONCLUSION: This study support the assertion that early childhood caries affects predominantly high-risk individuals, which requires differentiated approach to caries prevention and treatment.
Asunto(s)
Índice CPO , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Preescolar , Caries Dental/patología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Humanos , Lactante , Diente Primario/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The necessity of refreshing the data determines the purpose of the present study--to study the incidence and prevalence of dental caries in 1997 and to compare the results with the results of previous studies. METHODS: The study of dental caries is clinico-statistical and comprises 200 12-year-old children from Plovdiv. The sample selection is random. The diagnosis of dental caries is visual-tactile. The incidence (DMFT) and prevalence of dental caries is determined by person (Ep). The results are compared with the results of studies of children of the same age group carried out in 1981, 1989, 1992. RESULTS: The incidence of caries in 12-year old children from Plovdiv is 3.03 and the prevalence rate by persons is 80.0%. Comparing the results with previous studies shows a trend of steadily decreasing values with 1992 exhibiting the lowest levels of these indicators. A trend of increasing DMFT and Ep between 1992 and 1997 is observed. CONCLUSIONS: The trends of incidence and Ep in 12-year old children in Plovdiv show the favorable effect of the preventive programs till 1992 and the necessity of undertaking urgent measures for overcoming the unfavorable trends set in the last years.
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Caries Dental/epidemiología , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Niño , Caries Dental/fisiopatología , Humanos , Incidencia , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: As a result of the anticaries prevention programs the percentage of persons with high level of DMFT decreases and the percentage of persons free of caries increases. This demands the formulation of a new approach in determining the strategies and priorities of the preventive programs and the amount of the needed dental services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinico-statistical study of dental caries comprising 600 children of 7, 12 and 14 years of age (300 boys and 300 girls) from Plovdiv was carried out in 1997. The diagnosis of dental caries was visual-tactile. In every age group the percentages of persons with different levels of DMFT were determined. The findings were compared with the results gathered in 1992. RESULTS: It was found that with age the percentage of persons free of caries decreased and the percentage of the persons with high level of DMFT increased. In 1992 15.07% of 12-year-old children were carriers of 59.26% of the total number of DMFT, while in 1997 10.00% were carriers of 25.75% of the total number DMFT. CONCLUSIONS: The most pronounced polarization of dental caries was found in the 7-year-old children group. In Plovdiv the polarization of dental caries in the 12-year-old children group was less pronounced in 1997 than in 1992.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/epidemiología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Niño , Índice CPO , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The decline in dental caries prevalence in many countries of the world in the last decades requires the adoption of new approaches towards determination of prevention strategies. The individuals and groups at high risk of developing caries should be differentiated from the rest of the population with the aim of carrying out selective prevention. Of particular interest is the determination of the risk of developing caries before it is clinically manifested as this would allow execution of a timely and adequate prevention. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of caries incipiens on the teeth and on the dental surfaces in 7-, 12- and 14-year-old children and to compare it with the prevalence of clinical caries in the same population groups. METHODS: The study is representative by design and compares 600 children aged 7, 12 and 14 years from Plovdiv. The study is designed and carried out in compliance with the guidelines of WHO for conducting clinico-statistical study of dental caries. The diagnostic procedure of caries incipiens is visual-tactile. The test of vital staining with 2% water solution of Methylene Blau was also used. RESULTS: Caries incipiens prevalence was found to be higher than that of clinical caries in 7-year-old children (P < 0.001). In 12- and 14-year-old children the ratio of caries incipiens to clinical caries shifts in favour of clinical caries (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The higher prevalence of caries incipiens compared to clinical caries in 7-year-old children (P < 0.001) justifies its more extensive investigation as a predictive factor for developing caries in the 7-12 years age range groups.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental/epidemiología , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Bulgaria/epidemiología , Niño , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The incidence of dental caries /Is/ on deciduous molars in 1216 children aged 3 to 8 from Plovdiv has been studied. The results showed highest Is in the fissures of m1 and m2 and lowest Is on the smooth surfaces. The incidence of dental caries is getting higher with statistically significant differences in the lower jaw up to the 6th year and in the upper jaw up to 7th year of age. Is in the lower jaw is higher than that of the upper jaw only in the fissures.