RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The distal tendon of the semitendinosus is often used as a graft in orthopedic reconstructive surgery. Knowledge of the exact morphology of this tendon, and also the ability to predict its morphometric data are certainly helpful when planning the procedure of surgery. Comparison of the semitendinosus distal tendon anatomy in adults and foetuses may be scientifically relevant. There are no scientific reports on this tendon anatomy in foetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy semitendinosus muscles from cadavers were obtained using standard dissection techniques (50 muscles were obtained from adults and 20 from foetuses). Moreover, ultrasound examinations of 20 muscles were performed in living individuals. RESULTS: Two main parts of the distal tendon were distinguished - the external part not covered with muscle fibres and the internal part, which is partially or entirely hidden within the muscle belly (venter). The average length of the distal tendon was 32.34 cm, while the average lengths of the external and internal parts were 9.65 cm and 12.59 cm, respectively. The external part was solid and cylindrical. The internal part was flat and rolled like a trough, thus making the tendon a poor transplant material. Similarly, the distal tendon in foetuses consisted of two parts, including the external and internal part. CONCLUSIONS: The proportions between the lengths of different muscle parts were very similar in adults and foetuses.
Asunto(s)
Tendones Isquiotibiales/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Femenino , Feto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The pterygoid hamulus (PH) is a small protrusion on the base of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. PH is a site of insertion of many muscles and ligaments. Its topography can determine predilection for developing the pterygoid hamulus bursitis (PHB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted based on the morphometric analysis of 100 PHs on cone beam computed tomography scans. RESULTS: Based on statistical analysis, we found numerous significant correlations between the morphometric parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Considering our results, it can be concluded that the main pathogenic factor in PHB is an extensive medial deviation of the pterygoid hamulus in the frontal plane.
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Bursitis/etiología , Hueso Esfenoides/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Bursitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prohibitinas , Hueso Esfenoides/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Ten human gracilis muscles obtained from adults and ten gracilis muscles collected from human foetuses between the 15th and 21st week of gestation were examined. The results of this preparatory study show that the gracilis muscle in adults is narrow and long - 482 mm on average. The distal tendon of gracilis muscle is long, 294 mm on average. It can be divided into two sections - external part, outside the muscle belly, and internal, intramuscular, part. The latter one is partially covered by muscle fibres and some of it is completely hidden inside the muscle belly, which is on average 76 mm long. Presence of an intramuscular part of the distal tendon was also demonstrated in the foetal material. Moreover, very strong correlations between particular muscle lengths were noted in foetuses. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 1: 138-143).
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Feto/anatomía & histología , Edad Gestacional , Músculo Grácil/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Femenino , Feto/embriología , Músculo Grácil/embriología , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of the work was to perform a morphometric analysis of the long peroneal muscle (LPM) of the leg and explore the relationship between muscle belly and tendon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten lower limbs (8 right and 2 left) were fixed in formaldehyde and dissected using standard technique. The LPM was exposed from the proximal attachment to the top of a lateral malleolus. RESULTS: The tendon was subsequently freed and various measurements were taken. The tendon of the LPM enters deep into the muscle belly. Muscle fibres surround the tendon and descend as far down as 4 cm above the lateral malleolus. Muscle fibres insert mainly along posterior border of the tendon and on its medial surface, leaving lateral surface only partly covered. CONCLUSIONS: The LPM contains a long intramuscular segment of the tendon and area of the musculotendinous junction varies along the LPM. It makes the idea of uniform pennation pattern of the LPM unlikely.
Asunto(s)
Pierna/anatomía & histología , Músculo Esquelético/anatomía & histología , Tendones/anatomía & histología , HumanosRESUMEN
The auriculotemporal nerve is a sensory branch extending from the posterior section of the mandibular nerve trunk. Its nerve roots form a short trunk, which gives off a number of branches, innervating: the temporomandibular joint, the temporal region, structures of the external ear: auricle, and external acoustic meatus, and the parotid gland. It also conducts excretory fibres to the buccal and labial glands. Anatomical relationships between the auriculotemporal nerve and the muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint, and surrounding vessels in the area of the infratemporal fossa create favourable conditions for entrapment syndromes. Entrapment of the auriculotemporal nerve plays a role in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint pain syndromes, headaches, as well as pain symptoms or paraesthesias within the external acoustic meatus and auricle. The current study was performed on 16 specimens containing the infratemporal fossa. Some variations in the nerve roots of the auriculotemporal nerve were found and described as one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-root variants. The topography of the auriculotemporal nerve and its close relationship to the structures of the temporomandibular joint were described. Individually, the variable topography of the nerve course may play a role in the symptomatology of headaches and localisation of pain in the face regions and masticatory system.