RESUMEN
Oncologists have pointed out an urgent need for biomarkers that can be useful for clinical application to predict the susceptibility of patients to preoperative therapy. This review collects, evaluates and combines data on the influence of reported somatic and germline genetic variations on histological tumor regression in neoadjuvant settings of rectal and esophageal cancers. Five hundred and twenty-seven articles were identified, 204 retrieved and 61 studies included. Among 24 and 14 genetic markers reported for rectal and esophageal cancers, respectively, significant associations in meta-analyses were demonstrated for the following markers. In rectal cancer, major response was more frequent in carriers of the TYMS genotype 2 R/2 R-2 R/3 R (rs34743033), MTHFR genotype 677C/C (rs1801133), wild-type TP53 and KRAS genes. In esophageal cancer, successful therapy appeared to correlate with wild-type TP53. These results may be useful for future research directions to translate reported data into practical clinical use.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Variantes Farmacogenómicas , Neoplasias del Recto/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Recto/genética , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2)/genética , Oportunidad Relativa , Fenotipo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas p21(ras)/genética , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Factores de Riesgo , Timidilato Sintasa/genética , Resultado del Tratamiento , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genéticaRESUMEN
The genetic variety of seven geographic populations of sable has been studied; its distribution area stretches from the Urals to the Far East. It was shown using the panel of eight nuclear microsatellite markers that the sable populations from different geographical regions retain their individual genetic characteristics, despite the influence of anthropogenous factors (overhunting and introduction). There is a significant genetic similarity between the three populations of Central Siberia (Reynolds distances are 0.170-0.200) due to the influence of natural migrations that weaken genetic differentiation, while genetic difference is maximum (0.361) between populations located at the edges of the sable' habitat. The population of the Kamchatka Peninsula is isolated and exists as an independent phylogenetic group. An analysis of the topology of the phylogenetic tree suggests that the populations of Kamchatka and the Sikhote-Alin are closest to the ancestral form. Despite the existence of interspecific hybrids of sable and marten, the level of interspecific genetic differentiation between them is maximal.