RESUMEN
Follow-up data (mean 9 months) were obtained for 74 subjects who had been treated for a mean of 8 months and 17 sessions in a controlled comparison of Behavioral vs Supportive Counselling for drug abuse. Based on urinalysis, self-report, and family report, all subjects (100%) were actively using drugs at pre-treatment. During the last month of treatment, 81% of the Supportive treatment subjects and 44% of the Behavioral treatment subjects were using drugs at least once. At the follow-up month, drugs were used at least once by 71% of the Supportive vs 42% of Behavioral subjects. When drug use was measured in terms of the number of days of use per month, Supportive counselled subjects did not decrease drug use either by the end of treatment or at follow-up; for Behavioral subjects, drug use decreased by 63% by the end of treatment and by 73% at follow-up. Alcohol use, and days worked/or in school showed a similar pattern of greater improvement for the Behavioral treatment being maintained at the follow-up. These results indicate a substantial treatment-specific reduction of drug usage that endures after treatment is discontinued. The present favorable results appear attributable to the inclusion of family/significant others in therapy and the use of reinforcement contingent on urinalysis results.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Conductista , Drogas Ilícitas , Apoyo Social , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Terapia Familiar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
82 Ss were studied in a comparative evaluation of a behavioral vs supportive treatment for illegal drug use. Behavioral treatment included stimulus control, urge, control, contracting/family support and competing response procedures for an average of 19 sessions. 37% of Ss in the behavioral condition were drug-free at 2 months, 54% at 6 months, and 65% at 12 months vs 20 +/- 6% for the alternative treatment during all 12 months. The behavioral treatment was more effective across sex, age, educational level, marital status and type of drug (hard-drugs, cocaine, and marijuana). Greater improvement for this condition was also noted on measures of employment/school attendance, family relationships, depression, institutionalization and alcohol use.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Conductista/métodos , Drogas Ilícitas , Psicotrópicos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/rehabilitación , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A comparative effectiveness of the newborn BCG- and BCG-M vaccination was analysed as to the indices of primary infection, morbidity and its structure. The rate of postvaccination complications in 1,645,360 children, aged under 3 years, and living in the areas with different epidemiological situations for tuberculosis was studied too. 2,142,292 and 799486 healthy newborns were BCG- and BCG-M-vaccinated, respectively. The studies were carried out in Moscow, Kiev, Vilnius++ and Tashkent. The obtained results indicate that the number of complications in the form of regional lymphadenitis induced by BCG-M vaccine is 5 times less frequent than those caused by BCG. Under favourable epidemiological conditions, the primary infection and morbidity are alike, while under unfavourable ones the former is higher, particularly in infants in their first year as compared to the BCG-vaccinated. On the basis of the available data BCG-M can be recommended for the vaccination of all the newborns living in the areas with a favourable epidemiological situation for tuberculosis, thus increasing the newborn vaccination coverage and bringing the morbidity down.
Asunto(s)
Vacuna BCG/inmunología , Recién Nacido/inmunología , Linfadenitis/prevención & control , Tuberculosis/prevención & control , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Vacuna BCG/administración & dosificación , Vacuna BCG/efectos adversos , Humanos , Linfadenitis/etiología , U.R.S.S. , Vacunación , Vacunas Atenuadas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The activity of blood serum creatine kinase was studied in 37 cases with various degree of frostbites and in healthy individuals. The dynamic study of blood serum creatine kinase in frostbites cases during the first week allows for the differentiation between deep and superficial frostbites.
Asunto(s)
Creatina Quinasa , Congelación de Extremidades/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Pruebas Enzimáticas Clínicas , Activación Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Serotonin in blood, in burnt skin and burn blister fluid was studied fluorimetrically in 90 patients during different periods of burn disease. Burn disease was found to be accompanied with a considerable reduction of serotonin level in patients' blood, its increased content in burnt skin and its appearance in the blisters fluid. There is a direct correlation between the burn gravity and the rate of serotonin level reduction in blood. The data obtained allow a suggestion that a decreased serotonin content in blood is related with its accumulation in burnt skin and appearance in the blister fluid.