RESUMEN
1. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between Escherichia coli isolates recovered from turkeys and the expression of beta-lactamase genes, such as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and ampicillin class C (AmpC). The phenotype of the resistance profile was examined using the association between amoxicillin and ceftiofur resistance. 2. Results showed that 84% from the turkey isolates harboured 4 or 5 genes associated with the CoIV plasmid. In an antibiogram test, 82% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, the highest levels of resistance being against erythromycin (99%) and amoxicillin (76.1%). ESBL-positive groups were 31% positive for the ctx-m-2 gene, 6.8% were positive for ctx-m-8 and 70% harboured the tem wild gene. 3. All positive isolates from the AmpC beta-lactamase-positive group harboured the cmy-2 gene. The presence of the cmy-2 gene was associated with both the CTX-group genes and resistance to ceftiofur. 4. There was a high prevalence of avian pathogenic E. coli in suspected cases of colibacillosis in turkeys and a high antimicrobial resistance index. The results highlighted the risk of ceftiofur resistance and the presence of both ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase E. coli in the turkey production chain.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Pavos , beta-Lactamasas/genética , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Brasil/epidemiología , Cefalosporinas/farmacología , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/fisiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Fenotipo , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Prevalencia , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
1. The aim of the present study was to determine if the 9R-strain of the Salmonella Gallinarum live vaccine was responsible for having fowl typhoid outbreaks in chicken flocks from both chicken and turkey breeders as well as to verify the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates from the outbreaks. 2. The triplex polymerase chain reaction, standard antimicrobial test, beta-lactamase genes identification and Ion Torrent PMG whole-genome sequence were used in the field isolates and in the vaccine strain of S. Gallinarum. 3. The 60 tested isolates were not from vaccine origin and manifested high resistance to drugs from macrolide and quinolone groups. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis on selected isolates for core genes from Salmonella enterica confirmed the wild origin of these isolates and showed two possible sources of S. Gallinarum in the studied outbreaks. 4. S. Gallinarum isolated from fowl typhoid outbreaks in the studied period were not caused by the use of the SG9R live vaccine. The source of strains sequenced was diverse.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Genoma Bacteriano , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Salmonelosis Animal/epidemiología , Salmonella enterica/fisiología , Pavos , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Vacunas contra la Salmonella/análisis , Salmonella enterica/clasificación , Salmonella enterica/genética , Alineación de Secuencia/veterinaria , Vacunas Atenuadas/análisis , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma/veterinariaRESUMEN
Relata-se a quantificação de PCV-2, por meio de PCR em tempo real, no trato gastrintestinal, linfonodo mesentérico, tonsilas e fezes de nove suínos refugo da fase de crescimento, provenientes de rebanhos com histórico de diarreia não responsiva ao tratamento com antibioticoterapia. Com base nos resultados histopatológicos e imunoistoquímicos, os animais foram classificados como afetados por PCV-2 (n=5) e não afetados (n=4). Foi observada diarreia em todos os animais do grupo afetado por PCV-2. Em todas as amostras testadas foi detectado PCV-2, no entanto, a carga viral observada nos tecidos, bem como a excreção nas fezes foi significantemente maior (P<0.01) nos animais com diarreia. A maior concentração de PCV-2 foi observada nos linfonodos mesentéricos. A carga viral observada em tecido fresco e nas mesmas amostras emblocadas em parafina foi semelhante, sugerindo que o PCR em tempo real pode ser uma ferramenta útil em estudos retrospectivos da infecção por PCV-2.